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建立了以标定环为目标体的地面TEM系统标定模型,计算并分析了影响标定环响应(TLR)准确获取的七种非期望响应.研究结果表明,一次场响应(TR)和大地响应(TER、TRER)影响最大,可以通过背景场剔除方法加以剔除.接收线圈与标定环之间的高次互感响应TRLR、大地与标定环之间互感响应TELR幅度均超过标定环响应一个数量级,严重影响标定环早期响应的准确获取.通过调整标定环的直径、标定环与接收线圈之间垂直距离、标定环时间常数,可以有效地抑制TRLR的影响;通过合理配置标定环时间常数并选择高阻大地进行标定,可以有效抑制TELR的影响.本文的研究对准确标定、评价以及优化地面TEM接收系统具有指导意义. 相似文献
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从理论上对瞬变电磁系统的接收装置频率特性进行分析，得出了瞬变信号在早期发生畸变的根本原因，揭示出接收装置在发射电流关断期间和电流关断后对一次场和二次场的影响关系，给出基于导电球体模型下接收装置的谐振频率与最小取样时间的关系图，进而讨论了接收装置对浅层目标体探测的影响.当瞬变电磁测量系统在电流关断开始时刻记录全程瞬变响应和发射电流波形时，如果接收装置的位置和谐振频率已知，就可以通过数值计算方法从根本上剔除接收装置对早期瞬变信号的影响，即使接收装置存在过渡过程，也同样可以实现近地表浅层的探测，从而缩短瞬变电磁法的浅层勘探盲区，提高近地表的探测分辨率和精度. 相似文献
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瞬变电磁法(TEM)作为地球物理非地震探勘主要电磁方法之一,广泛应用于油气、矿产等地下资源探测.本文分析TEM磁场传感器频率响应特点,采用欠阻尼匹配拓展传感器线性响应频率范围;分析磁传感器各类噪声源分布,提出不同频段上影响磁传感器性能的主要因素.最终研制一款高磁导率磁芯的TEM感应式磁场传感器,工作频段为10 mHz~1 kHz,等效输入噪声水平为4pT/√Hz@1Hz, 15fT/√Hz@200 Hz,传感器直径为50 mm,长度800 mm,重量3.2 kg,相比现有TEM接收磁场传感器,体积小、重量轻、工作频段低.实验测试与生产作业表明:最新研制的高灵敏度TEM磁场传感器更加适合大深度、3D阵列电磁勘探. 相似文献
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在瞬变电磁法中，由于发射电流关断时间不为零、接收线圈的谐振频率有限，早期瞬变电磁信号发生畸变，只能舍弃，因此存在着探测盲区. 针对这一问题，研究了瞬变电磁方法中发射电流关断期间总磁场的形成过程，论证了一次场、二次场和总瞬变场的关系，分析了接收线圈的频率特性和关断时间对瞬变电磁场的影响，提出从总磁场中剔除一次磁场影响的方法，从而获得电流关断期间和电流关断后的早期瞬变电磁场. 采用吉林大学自主研制的瞬变电磁测量系统(ATTEM)在长春市伊通河活断层进行勘探，进一步验证了算法的有效性，缩短了瞬变电磁法的勘探盲区，实现了近地表4 m以下的勘探，可以清晰地分辨近地表的低阻异常，提高了浅层探测精度和分辨率. 相似文献
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瞬变电磁法由于其高效、轻便等诸多优点成为现今应用较为广泛的地球物理勘探手段.但由于二次场随时间衰减较快,TEM方法在勘探深度上受到一定的限制.近几年,低温 SQUID(Superconducting Quantum Interference Device)磁传感器硬件已经研发成熟,可以应用到TEM方法中,用于磁场强度探测.本文提出了均匀半空间TEM磁场分量Bz的显式表达式,并借助正弦数值滤波变换,得到了层状介质的磁场时间域计算公式.针对均匀半空间地层,分别进行了不同收发距、不同电阻率条件下的Bz响应特征计算.此外,对于层状介质模型,针对不同层厚的两层介质、低阻薄层和高阻薄层的三层介质,均进行了Bz正演结果.最后,对1 km长偶极的TEM磁场响应在地表空间分布情况进行讨论.结果表明,Bz作为TEM测量手段,对深部低阻薄层的探测灵敏度优于高阻薄层;且相对于传统TEM方法中测量磁场变化量,直接测量磁场Bz可以明显地提高探测方法的优势,增大勘探深度,并且电偶极其测量空间范围更大,效率更高. 相似文献
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半航空频率域电磁探测方法(semi-airborne frequency domain electromagnetic method,简称SAFEM)通常借助水平线圈传感器观测垂直分量磁场信号.然而,在实际探测过程中,观测单一分量磁场信号不仅缺失水平分量磁场信息,并且在磁场响应畸变区域难以校正,造成视电阻率解释结果精度低、误差大等问题.为此,本文设计并研制了一种能够用于SAFEM探测的三分量空心线圈传感器,采用三组相互垂直的接收线圈分别接收三个分量的磁场信号.首先,为满足旋翼机载重要求,设计0.5 m直径的小尺寸圆形线圈用于接收垂直方向磁场,两个0.01 m边长的方形线圈用于接收水平方向磁场,并对三组线圈的互耦情况进行分析,确定了线圈的最佳相对位置.其次,针对线圈传感器的物理结构特点,综合线圈的寄生电阻、电感和电容值大小的分析结果,确定最终的物理结构参数.进一步地,通过分析不同阻尼状态下的传感器及前置放大电路的频率响应特性,确定了最佳的阻尼系数调节范围.在此基础上,设计了带有阻尼状态调节的低噪声差分前置放大器电路作为SAFEM信号调理模块.最后,开展屏蔽室测试实验和野外探测实验验证三分... 相似文献
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为了提高瞬变电磁(TEM)系统的灵敏度,增大探测深度,对瞬变电磁传感器的噪声特性进行了研究.建立了瞬变电磁传感器本底噪声模型,理论计算表明传感器本底噪声为带限白噪声,其谱密度在谐振频率点处最大,近似等于匹配电阻的热噪声.采用反向串联的小线圈替代TEM接收线圈以抑制环境噪声的影响,实现对本底噪声的测量,通过理论与实测的对比验证了本文噪声模型的正确.利用该噪声模型估算了自制TEM传感器的本底噪声为9.8 nV/m~2,分析了瞬态叠加和抽道叠加对本底噪声的改善,表明经瞬态叠加和抽道叠加后的本底噪声可达7.5 pV/m~2,远远低于环境噪声.通过建立屏蔽模型证明,对线圈进行屏蔽可以有效抑制环境噪声,显著提高传感器的灵敏度. 相似文献
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根据电磁场理论，推导了磁偶源和接收点均位于海水中时层状海底模型的频域电磁场响应一般表达式，并通过此式，得到了海水为均匀半空间和有限海水深度两种情况下，垂直磁偶极装置、中心回线和重叠回线分别置于均匀半空间海底表面时的瞬变电磁响应（磁场和感应电压）表达式. 这些表达式将瞬变响应和海底的电导率等参数有机联系在一起，为海底瞬变电磁法的正演计算和反演解释提供了理论基础. 仿真计算表明，海水的存在不仅使得瞬变响应曲线形态发生变化，而且影响其对海底电导率的分辨能力. 相似文献
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近源时间域电磁场具有信号强、探测深度大、精度高等优点,但传统勘探电磁场理论中偶极子近似在近源会引起较大误差,导致这一优势的发挥受到了制约.开展直接时间域电磁场解析式研究,是解决这一问题的途径之一.本文提出在点电荷微元假设下,引入时域格林函数,求取瞬变电磁场时间域解析解.采用积分运算法,把电磁场阻尼波动方程的求解问题转化为求其格林函数积分形式解的问题;建立辅助路径解决奇点问题,利用复分析中的约当引理、留数定理和广义函数等理论和方法,推导计算出时间域格林函数的时空四重广义积分.得到达朗贝尔方程的直接时域格林函数精确解析式,与传统方法“比拟”出的公式具有相同的形式,验证了本文推导的时域格林函数解析公式的正确性;推导出扩散方程的直接时间域解析解.通过与时变点电荷源时间域的电磁响应近似表达式进行对比,得出本文所推导的公式计算精度较高的结论;建立了全空间回线源瞬变电磁场问题的直接时间域求解公式.为解决全场区瞬变电磁场精细探测直接时域解析问题提供了基础理论. 相似文献
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Time domain electromagnetic‐induced polarisation: extracting more induced polarisation information from grounded source time domain electromagnetic data 
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下载免费PDF全文 Electrical induced polarisation surveys are used to detect chargeable materials in the earth. For interpretation of time domain electrical‐induced polarisation data a common procedure is to first invert the direct current data (electric current on time) to recover conductivity and then invert the induced polarisation data (current off‐time) to recover chargeability. This direct current‐induced polarisation inversion procedure assumes that the off time data are free of secondary electromagnetic induction effects. To comply with this, early time data are often discarded or not recorded. For mid‐time data, an electromagnetic decoupling technique, which removes electromagnetic induction in the observations, needs to be implemented. Usually, responses from a half‐space or a layered earth are subtracted. Recent capability in three‐dimensional time domain electromagnetic forward modelling and inversion allows to revisit these procedures. In a Time domain electromagnetic‐induced polarisation survey, a high sampling rate allows early time channels of the electromagnetic data to be recorded. The recovery of chargeability then follows a three‐step workflow: (i) invert early time channel time domain electromagnetic data to recover the three‐dimensional conductivity; (ii) use that conductivity to compute the time domain electromagnetic response at later time channels and subtract this fundamental response from the observations to extract the induced polarisation responses, and (iii) invert the induced polarisation responses to recover a three‐dimensional chargeability. This workflow effectively removes electromagnetic induction effects in the observations and produces better chargeability and conductivity models compared with conventional approaches. In a synthetic example involving a gradient array, we show that the conductivity structure obtained from the early time channel data, which are usually discarded, is superior to that obtained from the steady state direct current voltages. This adds a further reason to collect these electromagnetic data. 相似文献
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以隧道掘进机(Tunnel Boring Machine,TBM)为例模拟了隧道强干扰环境下,瞬变电磁超前探测的响应曲线,系统分析了异常体(以直立充水断层为例)与掌子面距离、围岩电阻率差异、TBM长度、异常体规模等条件下的曲线特征和影响规律,发现TBM干扰源表现为低电阻率目标特征,其影响主要集中在早期,对于电性差异较大或目标规模较大的低电阻率异常(充水断层)模型能够明显地通过衰减曲线区分.根据电磁场叠加原理,将隧道腔体中包含TBM模型的响应减去纯隧道腔体响应可以获得TBM的响应信号,以此作为干扰背景,从实际包含TBM和充水断层的隧道模型总响应中减除,获得去除TBM干扰的响应信号.通过8组算例进行对比,发现经过校正的衰减曲线与模型计算曲线吻合较好,视电阻率曲线差异相对较小,能够表现探测区域的电性分布情况,确认该方法在不同情况下的适用性.即使在TBM响应计算时给定背景电阻率与实际电阻率差异达到100%的情况下,依然能够通过校正获得合理的响应信号和视电阻率曲线.该方法不仅仅适用于隧道环境,对于其他诸如地面、航空、半航空、海洋瞬变电磁勘探同样适用. 相似文献
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采用模拟离散的有限体积法实现了双轴各向异性地层回线源瞬变电磁三维正演.首先引入内积定义,采用自然边界条件,将瞬变电磁法的控制方程转化为弱形式表示.将计算区域划分为一系列的控制体积单元,采用交错网格对控制方程进行模拟有限体积空间离散,包括旋度算子离散和空间内积离散.基于斯托克斯定理的旋度积分定义公式实现旋度算子离散.中点平均实现电导率双轴各向异性的空间内积离散,从而得到离散化的控制方程.时间步迭代采用无条件稳定的欧拉后向差分格式.并通过均匀全空间中稳定电流回线源的磁场解析表达式得到回线源初始时刻的电磁场分布.为了同时保证计算精度和效率,本文采用分段等间隔的时间步迭代,利用直接法求解器PARDISO实现其快速求解.最后通过对比层状模型和各向异性半空间模型的正演计算结果,验证了本文算法的计算精度和计算效率;计算三维双轴各向异性模型的正演响应可知,水平方向电导率变化对电磁响应产生显著影响,而垂直方向的电导率变化对电磁响应几乎没有影响.产生这一现象的主要原因是回线源产生的感应电流主要是水平方向的,因此响应主要受到水平方向电导率的影响,垂直方向的电导率影响很小. 相似文献
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瞬变电磁法在浅海工程勘探等领域受到了越来越多的关注.目前浅海瞬变电磁仍处于应用初期,相关研究少且未有成熟装备问世,有必要研究其探测能力并为观测系统选取最佳观测参数.本文以几种典型发射波形为例,采用褶积算法细致分析了不同发射波形条件下浅海瞬变电磁on-/off-time响应受海底介质电导率、磁导率及发射波形脉宽等参数的影响特征与规律;通过三维正演并设定极限探测深度阈值,进一步分析不同发射波形on-/offtime期间浅海瞬变电磁探测能力及对典型三维目标体的极限探测深度.基于本文研究成果,可为浅海瞬变电磁探测装置设计、观测系统的参数选取及试验参数的选取等提供了一些有价值的理论借鉴. 相似文献
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本文研究了不同发射电流波形对瞬变电磁(TEM)响应的影响,利用自由空间中回线作为目标体,推导出方波、梯形波、半正弦波、三角波激励的响应.研究表明:对于低电导率目标体,同种波形激励的响应在有发射电流期间(on-time)与无发射电流期间(off-time)的幅度相近,四种波形中方波激励响应最强.由于off-time采集可以获得更高的信噪比,因而探测低电导率目标体时一般采用方波激励,采集off-time信号.对于高电导率目标体,off-time响应幅度随电导率增加而迅速下降,而半正弦与三角波激励的on-time响应幅度基本不随电导率变化,因而航空TEM可以采用半正弦与三角波进行on-time采集,并通过适当地提高激励电流的基频,以提高信噪比与空间分辨率. 相似文献
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Niels B. Christensen 《Geophysical Prospecting》2016,64(6):1620-1631
A novel, fast, and approximate forward modelling routine for time‐domain electromagnetic responses is presented. It is based on the separation of the forward problem into a configuration‐independent part, mapping conductivity as a function of depth onto apparent conductivity as a function of time, and a configuration‐dependent part, i.e., the half‐space step response. The response of a layered model is then found as the half‐space response for a half‐space conductivity equal to the apparent conductivity. The mapping is ten times faster than traditional accurate forward modelling routines, and through stochastic modelling, it is found that the standard deviation of the modelling error is 0.7 %. The forward mapping lends itself to integration in a modern state‐of‐the‐art inversion formulation in exactly the same way as traditionally computed responses, and a field example is included where inversion results using the approximate forward response are compared with those of an accurate forward response for helicopterborne transient electromagnetic data. In addition to being used in its own right in inversion of transient data, the speed and accuracy of the approximate inversion mean that it is well suited for quality control and fast turnaround data delivery of survey results to a client. It can also be used in hybrid inversion formulations by supplying initial iterations and high‐quality derivatives in an inversion based on accurate forward modelling. 相似文献
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Nagendra Pratap Singh Mitsuru Utsugi Tsuneomi Kagiyama 《Pure and Applied Geophysics》2009,166(12):2037-2058
In the present research, an attempt is made to derive the generalized expressions for the transient electromagnetic response of a large loop source over the surface of a homogeneous earth model for arbitrary receiver positions inside or outside the source loop. Expressions are derived for the impulse as well as step excitations of the source loop. As a cross check for validity of expressions, the step response expression is obtained from the impulse response expression and vice versa. Computations are performed for the TEM response over a homogeneous earth model for source-receiver offset (r = 0) pertinent to the central loop configuration and the results are compared with the published results for the central loop TEM responses. The results are in well coincidence with each other and thus provide the check for the authenticity of the expressions. To exemplify the nature of TEM response at various source receiver offsets, results are presented for the TEM response at source receiver offsets r = 0, r = a/2, r = a and r = 2a, 6a, 12a pertaining to the central loop, in-loop, on-loop and offset loop configurations, respectively. The results depict their characteristic variations. At receiver positions inside the loop source, both the impulse as well as step responses are of same sign, whereas at the receiver positions outside the loop source, both the curves exhibit a change of sign that shifts towards the later times with increase in the offset distances. The change of sign in impulse response occurs at a relatively later time than that in the step response. This is the initial presentation of TEM response expressions for the large loop source over a homogeneous earth model for arbitrary receiver position inside and/ or outside the loop source except for the case of receiver at the center of the loop and at the coincident loop point. This research would be of immense use in the development and use of the large loop TEM method in its various configurations and thus would enhance the applicability and cost effectiveness of the large loop source TEM method. 相似文献
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Analysing two‐dimensional effects in central loop transient electromagnetic sounding data using a semi‐synthetic tipper approach 下载免费PDF全文
下载免费PDF全文 We present a simple and feasible approach to analyse and identify two‐dimensional effects in central loop transient electromagnetic sounding data and the correspondingly derived quasi two‐dimensional conductivity models. The proposed strategy is particularly useful in minimising interpretation errors. It is based on the calculation of a semi‐synthetic transient electromagnetic tipper at each sounding and for each observational transient time point. The semi‐synthetic transient electromagnetic tipper is derived from the measured vertical component of the induced voltage and the synthetically calculated horizontal component. The approach is computationally inexpensive and involves one two‐dimensional forward calculation of an obtained quasi two‐dimensional conductivity section. Based on a synthetic example, we demonstrate that the transient electromagnetic tipper approach is applicable in identifying which transient data points and which corresponding zones in a derived quasi two‐dimensional subsurface model are affected by two‐dimensional inhomogeneities. The one‐dimensional inversion of such data leads to false models. An application of the semi‐synthetic transient electromagnetic tipper to field data from the Azraq basin in Jordan reveals that, in total, eight of 80 investigated soundings are affected by two‐dimensional structures although the field data can be fitted optimally using one‐dimensional inversion techniques. The largest semi‐synthetic tipper response occurs in a 300 m‐wide region around a strong lateral resistivity contrast. The approach is useful for analysing structural features in derived quasi two‐dimensional sections and for qualitatively investigating how these features affect the transient response. To avoid misinterpretation, these identified zones corresponding to large tipper values are excluded from the interpretation of a quasi two‐dimensional conductivity model. Based on the semi‐synthetic study, we also demonstrate that a quantitative interpretation of the horizontal voltage response (e.g. by inversion) is usually not feasible as it requires the exact sensor position to be known. Although a tipper derived purely from field data is useful as a qualitative tool for identifying two‐dimensional distortion effects, it is only feasible if the sensor setup is sufficiently accurate. Our proposed semi‐synthetic transient electromagnetic tipper approach is particularly feasible as an a posteriori approach if no horizontal components are recorded or if the sensor setup in the field is not sufficiently accurate. 相似文献