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1.
Maher I. El-Soughier Amr S. Deaf Magdy S. Mahmoud 《Arabian Journal of Geosciences》2014,7(8):3051-3068
Palynological and palynofacies analyses were carried out on some Cretaceous samples from the Qattara Rim-1X borehole, north Western Desert, Egypt. The recorded palynoflora enabled the recognition of two informal miospore biozones arranged from oldest to youngest as Elaterosporites klaszii-Afropollis jardinus Assemblage Zone (mid Albian) and Elaterocolpites castelainii–Afropollis kahramanensis Assemblage Zone (late Albian–mid Cenomanian). A poorly fossiliferous but however, datable interval (late Cenomanian–Turonian to ?Campanian–Maastrichtian) representing the uppermost part of the studied section was also recorded. The palynofacies and visual thermal maturation analyses indicate a mature terrestrially derived organic matter (kerogen III) dominates the sediments of the Kharita and Bahariya formations and thus these two formations comprise potential mature gas source rocks. The sediments of the Abu Roash Formation are mostly dominated by mature amorphous organic matter (kerogen II) and the formation is regarded as a potential mature oil source rock in the well. The palynomorphs and palynofacies analyses suggest deposition of the clastics of the Kharita and Bahariya formations (middle Albian and upper Albian–middle Cenomanian) in a marginal marine setting under dysoxic–anoxic conditions. By contrast, the mixed clastic-carbonate sediments of the Abu Roash Formation (upper Cenomanian–Turonian) and the carbonates of the Khoman Formation (?Campanian–Maastrichtian) were mainly deposited in an inner shallow marine setting under prevailing suboxic–anoxic conditions as a result of the late Cenomanian and the Campanian marine transgressions. This environmental change from marginal to open (inner shelf) basins reflects the vertical change in the type of the organic matter and its corresponding hydrocarbon-prone types. A regional warm and semi-arid climate but with a local humid condition developed near/at the site of the well is thought to have prevailed. 相似文献
2.
Salah El Beialy Maher El-Soughier Sayed Abdel Mohsen Haytham El Atfy 《Journal of African Earth Sciences》2011,59(2-3):215-226
Palynological investigation of the Cretaceous Abu Roash, Bahariya, Kharita, Alamein, Alam El Bueib and Betty formations, encountered in the Gebel Rissu-1 well, north Western Desert, Egypt yielded 27 species of pteridophytic spores, 24 of gymnosperm pollen, 25 of angiosperm pollen and 11 of dinoflagellate cysts in addition to some acritarchs, foraminiferal test linings and freshwater algae. This enabled us to recognize five miospore biozones arranged from youngest to oldest as: Classopollis brasiliensis–Afropollis cf. kahramanensis–Dichastopollenites ghazalataensis Assemblage Zone (Late Cenomanian); Elaterosporites klaszii–Sofrepites legouxae–Afropollis jardinus Assemblage Zone (Middle/Late Albian–Early Cenomanian); Pennipollis peroreticulatus–Duplexisporites generalis-Tricolpates Assemblage Zone (Early Aptian–Early Albian); Tucanopollis crisopolensis–Afropollis sp. Assemblage Zone (Barremian) and Appendicisporites cf. tricornitatus–Ephedripites spp. Assemblage Zone (Late Neocomian).The Early Cretaceous Kharita, Alam El Bueib and the Betty formations encountered in the Gebel Rissu-1 well are interpreted to indicate oxic proximal and distal shelf deposits, characterized by type III/IV, V kerogen, which is gas prone but having little potential to produce hydrocarbons. The Upper Cretaceous Abu Roash and Bahariya formations are characterized by a distal suboxic–anoxic and marginal dysoxic–anoxic environment, and their kerogen type III/II indicates gas/oil prone nature. The Bahariya and Kharita Albian–Cenomanian sediments in the present study witnessed the onset of a semi-arid to arid climate, with local or seasonal humid conditions, based on the continuous high abundance of the elaterates pollen and Afropollis-producing plants that inhabited the paleotropical humid coastal plains. 相似文献
3.
Twenty-eight samples from the Bahariya Formation of the Salam-17 Well in the north Western Desert were palynologically investigated. These samples are of Cenomanian age. Fair diversity and fair to moderately preserved palynomorph assemblage has been recovered. Among them, the dinoflagellate cysts showed very poor diversity and abundance. Four miospore zones have been informally identified in the lower Cenomanian. Various palynofacies criteria, adopted from previous publications (e.g. relative particle abundance data, brown to black wood ratio, equi-dimensional to lath-shaped black wood ratio, average size of phytoclasts and spores/pollen ratio) are applied as alternative indicators to monitor the proximal–distal trends instead of the marine palynomorphs-based parameters. The method can be applied in the Egyptian Western Desert to overcome the rarity and absence of dinoflagellate cysts in the recovered organic residues. The palynofacies study of the section demonstrates a predominantly regressive phase, characterized by deltaic, distributary or tidal channels, interrupted by short-lived marine incursions. The palynofacies trends within the studied succession indicate six genetic sequences informally described as Genetic Stratigraphic Sequences A through F. 相似文献
4.
Mohamed I. A. Ibrahim 《Cretaceous Research》2002,23(6):775
Quantitative analyses of palynomorph assemblages, particulate organic matter (kerogen), and total organic carbon (TOC) have been made on samples of the Albian–Cenomanian Kharita and Bahariya formations encountered in the Abu Gharadig-5 well, Western Desert, Egypt. Two assemblage palynozones are defined: Assemblage Zone A (Kharita Formation) of late Albian–early Cenomanian age and Assemblage Zone B (Bahariya Formation) of early–middle Cenomanian age. Palynofacies of the Kharita Formation suggest that sedimentation of these strata took place in a warm, shallow, nearshore-marine environment. The deposition of the lower Bahariya Formation took place initially in similar conditions but subsequently further offshore in somewhat deeper water of the inner shelf. The relatively high percentage of Ephedripites, Afropollis and elaterate pollen in both formations indicates an arid climate. The Kharita Formation yields kerogen types III and IV whereas the assemblages recovered from the Bahariya Formation contain types II and III. The TOC is generally between 0.42 and 0.65% in the Kharita Formation, while it ranges between 0.42 and 0.80% in samples of the Bahariya Formation. The spores and pollen grains are pale in colour; hence little source potential for hydrocarbons is indicated. 相似文献
5.
Detailed petrographic investigations of the Upper Cretaceous-Eocene succession exposed at Bahariya Oasis resulted in the recognition of different litho- and biofacies associations, mostly of the carbonate rock type.The litho- and biofacies characters of the Eocene strata reveal comparatively shallow, quiet marine conditions, interrupted by agitated, high energy intervals.During the Maastrichtian age, deeper quiet marine conditions prevailed. The Upper and Lower members of the Campanian strata were deposited under deep quiet marine conditions, relative to shallower agitated conditions that prevailed during the deposition of the middle member.The Lower Cenomanian sediments were deposited under an alternating high and low energy fresh water environment, interrupted with saline (fluviomarine) periods, relative to the comparatively deeper marine conditions that prevailed during the Upper Cenomanian age.The main diagenetic processes recorded are: cementation, aggrading neomorphism, silicification and dolomitization. 相似文献
6.
Ryadh Younis Al-Obaidi Thamer Khazal Al-Ameri Amer Jassim Al-Khafaji 《Arabian Journal of Geosciences》2013,6(9):3303-3312
Palynological analysis were done on 12 rock samples for Ratawi Formation from Rumailah well 131 and eight samples for the same formation from Zubair well 47, South Iraq, to extract sedimentary organic matters. Microscopic examination led to diagnose large numbers of spores, pollen, dinoflagellates (proximat, cavate, and chorate), foraminifera, melanogen, hylogen, and amorphogen. Three palynological facies were determined on the bases of percentages of sedimentary organic matter and palynomorphs from two sections. Analysis of these palynofacies clarified Ratawi Formation as deposited from environments ranging from delta and lagoon (suboxic–dysoxic) to shelf facies (anoxic near the shore–suboxic) with the presence of some layers deposited from semideep open marine environment (bathyal). Organic geochemical analysis of total organic carbon and Rock Eval pyrolysis were done to determine quantity, quality, and degree of maturation of the kerogen. Poor to medium proportion of total organic carbon of kerogen types II and III within a catagenesis stage are recorded in these rocks, and hence, poor hydrocarbon generation could be suggested for these strata. 相似文献
7.
Hayati KOÇ 《Arabian Journal of Geosciences》2017,10(22):499
The study area is located in the Central Taurides (southern Turkey), which is bounded by the K?rkkavak fault to the west and Ecemi? fault to the east. The sequences are studied in detail based on measured sections composed of the rocks deposited during the Cenomanian–Maastrichtian and located within different tectonic units previously described in the Taurides. The study materials include 217 thin section data from seven Cenomanian–Maastrichtian sequences of outcropping in different parts of the Central Taurides. The sediments deposited during the Cenomanian–Maastrichtian period in the Central Taurides are subdivided into eight units based on their lithological, paleontological, and textural properties. The lower boundaries of the upper Santonian and Campanian are unconformable contacts. The Upper Cretaceous sequence starts with the middle Cenomanian and represents a continuation of the Lower Cretaceous tidal flat and shelf lagoon sequence. Upper Turonian–Coniacian sediments are not observed due to the eustatic sea level drop. The second main transgression period of the Upper Cretaceous platform took place in the Santonian. This unit is represented by limestones composed of wackestones/packstones containing benthic foraminifera and rudist fragments, which are deposited in tidal flats and subtidal environments. The late Campanian starts with a transgression, and the environment transformed transitions into slope facies from inner platform facies, as a result of the thrust of ophiolitic rocks. In the following period, slope front and basin plain environments were dominant due to the increasing slope. Slumped pelagic limestones were deposited on the slope. Planktonic foraminiferal pelagic limestones were unconformably deposited on plaque limestone in the slope front environment depending on the increase in slope gradient and local faulting. As a result of decreasing tectonic activity, the sediments were deposited onto a stable basin plain. They were initially fed from the nearby carbonate platform and then by siliciclastic turbidites derived from the thrusted ophiolitic rocks. In this study, the lithostratigraphic properties of the Cenomanian–Maastrichtian units outcropping in various parts of the Central Taurides are described. The sedimentary deposits described here suggest different basinal conditions in the region. 相似文献
8.
The Upper Jurassic Madbi Formation, located in the Masila Basin, eastern Yemen, represents the major source rock in this basin. Organic rich shales from two oilfields (Kharir and Wadi Taribah) were analysed to evaluate the type and origin of the organic matter and to determine the factors controlling its deposition. This study is based on geochemical analyses of whole rock (total organic carbon content, Rock-Eval pyrolysis and carbon isotope data) and petrographic analyses on organic matter (kerogen maceral composition and palynofacies) by optical and scanning electron microscopy. Organic petrographic composition of kerogen shows that the Madbi shale is characterized by high amounts of organic matter, consisting predominantly of yellow fluorescing amorphous organic matter and alginite of marine origin. Terrigenous organic materials such as vitrinite, spores and pollen are present in low quantities. The predominance of marine plankton, as indicated by visual kerogen analysis, is consistent with reported carbon isotopic values. It appears that the high amounts of organic matter in the Madbi shale succession might be mainly due to good preservation under suboxic–anoxic conditions. Consequently the Madbi shales possess very good petroleum generative potential, owing to high content of hydrogen rich Type II and I oil prone kerogen. 相似文献
9.
This paper deals with the hydrocarbon source rock evaluation of the Subathu Formation exposed at Marhighat on Sarahan–Narag
road in Sirmaur district of Himachal Pradesh. Hydrocarbon potential of these sediments is estimated on the basis of palynofacies
analysis and thermal alteration index (TAI) values based on the fossil spores/pollen colouration. The analyses are based on
the classification and hydrocarbon generation potential of plant derived dispersed organic matter present in the sediments.
The palynofacies analysis of Subathu Formation in the area reveal moderate to rich organic matter, with amorphous organic
matter constituting the bulk of the total organic matter, followed by charcoal, biodegraded organic matter, fungal remains,
spores/pollen and structured terrestrial organic matter. The TAI value for the organic matter in these sediments has been
ascertained as 3.00. A dominance of the sapropelic facies (amorphous organic matter) and the measured TAI values for the Subathu
sediments in the Marhighat area suggests a good source-rock potential for the hydrocarbon generation. 相似文献
10.
Mohammad Abdelfattah Sarhan 《Arabian Journal of Geosciences》2017,10(18):399
Mapping based on the interpreted seismic data covering the Abu Gharadig Basin in the northern Western Desert has revealed that the deposition of the Upper Cretaceous succession was controlled by dextral wrench tectonics. This dextral shear accompanied NW movement of the African Plate relative to Laurasian Plate. Structural depth maps of the Cenomanian Bahariya Formation and the Turonian-Coniacian D and A members of Abu Roash Formation display a clear NE-SW anticline dissected by NW-SE normal faults. This anticline represents one of the en echelon folds characterizing the wrench compressional component. The interpreted normal faults reflect the extensional T-fractures associated with the wrenching tectonics. The interaction between the aforementioned NE-SW anticline with the NW-SE extensional faults further confirms the effect of the Upper Cretaceous dextral wrench tectonic. However, the influence of this wrench tectonics was gradually diminishing from the Cenomanian up to the Coniacian times. The NW-SE compressional stress of the dextral wrench compressional component during the Cenomanian up to Coniacian age was greater in NW direction than the SE direction. Three mapped structural closures which are predicted to be potential hydrocarbon traps belonging to the Bahariya Formation and Abu Roash D Member, and are recommended to be drilled in the study area, with potential reservoirs. The regularity of the en echelon array of both anticlines and normal faults within the wrench zones suggests additional closures may be located elsewhere beside the study area. 相似文献
11.
In the basal interval, sedimentary cover of the Arakapas ophiolite massif (southern Cyprus) is composed of metalliferous sediments of the Perapedhi Formation that is divided into three sequences based on diverse radiolarian assemblages. These are basal umbers of the Cenomanian age presumably (2–20 m), interlayering cherts and umbers of the Turonian-Coniacian (6–10 m), and opoka-like cherts of the Coniacian-Santonian. Higher in the succession, there are olistostrome deposits of the Moni Formation, which unconformably rest on the eroded underlying strata. In this formation also divisible into three sequences, the lower one 200 to 300 m thick is composed of variegated, presumably Campanian silty clays containing olistoliths of basic, presumably Upper Triassic volcanics, Lower Cretaceous sandstones, and opoka-like cherts and cherty limestones of the Albian-lower Cenomanian. Next sequence (100–200 m) is represented by alternation of variegated silty and green bentonitic clays of the Campaian, which enclose frequent olistoliths and horizons of fine-clastic olistostrome breccias. The upper sequence of upper Campanian-lower Maastrichtian bentonitic clays (50–100 m) contains interlayers of ash tuffs and clayey cherty sediments. Carbonate deposits of the upper Maastrichtian-Paleogene, conformably overlie the Moni Formation. 相似文献
12.
Sharifi MOHAMMAD Foroughi FARIBA Ghasemi-Nejad EBRAHIM Shekarifard ALI Yazdi-Moghadam MOHSEN Sarfi MEHDI 《《地质学报》英文版》2019,93(6):1885-1899
The lower Cretaceous rock units of the Koppeh-Dagh Basin of northeastern Iran were investigated here in terms of biostratigraphy, depositional setting and geochemical analyses to find out if they, alike other parts of the world, are rich in petroleum. For this purpose, a stratigraphic framework is established using calcareous nannofossil and palynological elements. A nannoplankton zonation based on which subzones of the zones CC7 – CC8 of Sissingh(1977) and their equivalent NC6 – NC8 of Roth(1978) was established indicating a Late Barremian–Albian age. Palynological assemblages led us to establish the local palynozone of Odontochitina operculata. A dominantly marginal basin to a transitional zone between shelf and basin under a dysoxic–anoxic condition with low to moderate sedimentation rates coincided with a gradual sea level rise was introduced as the environment of deposition for the strata via interpretation of the palynological parameters and quantitative palynology. The obtained data from Rock-Eval pyrolysis in compilation with palynofacies analysis reveals that the studied succession contains mainly gas-prone type III kerogen. The Spore Coloration Index(SCI) alongside with the Rock-Eval pyrolysis results(low values of HI and TOC) proves that these rock units locally produced natural gas during the time under consideration. 相似文献
13.
To help describe the paleoenvironmental interpretation of one the most extensive marine Devonian successions in Brazil, palynofacies analyses were conducted on 46 samples from the Itaim (Pragian–Givetian), Pimenteira (Givetian–Frasnian) and Cabeças (Famennian) formations of the Parnaíba Basin in north–central Brazil. For the palynofacies analyses, kerogen categories were counted and subjected to cluster analyses. Five palynofacies associations were identified for three studied sections: PseudoAOM palynofacies, which consists of amorphous organic matter (AOM), pseudoamorphous and coenobial algae Quadrisporites; Transl/Nbiostr. palynofacies, which consists of translucent non-biostructured phytoclasts (well-preserved and degraded), cuticles (well-preserved and degraded), Spongiophyton and Botryococcus; Marine microplankton palynofacies, which consists of acritarchs, prasinophytes and translucent biostructured phytoclasts; Opaque palynofacies, which consists of opaque phytoclasts (equidimensional and lath shaped); and Sporomorphs palynofacies, which consists of zoomorphs (e.g., Chitinozoa) and sporomorphs (e.g., spores). The stratigraphic distribution of the five palynofacies associations reflects a continuous terrestrial influx throughout marine succession. At the Pragian–Emsian age, the woody material of Transl/Nbioestr. palynofacies prevails, suggesting a marine depositional paleoenvironment (presence of marine palynomorphs), but under deltaic influence due to the input of terrigenous material. An increasing trend of marine elements of Marine microplankton palynofacies is recorded for the Givetian, which suggests a progressive marine influence. However, during the Frasnian, the highest abundance of marine elements was recorded (Marine microplankton palynofacies). Moreover, a bloom of Maranhites spp. and prasinophytes (e.g., Tasmanites and Cymatiosphaera) was also recorded. The abrupt increase of marine palynomorphs in the Frasnian – here termed the “Maranhites Event” – has been recorded by other authors. Finally, in the Famennian, woody material was most abundant in Transl/Nbiostr. palynofacies and Sporomorphs palynofacies, which reflects a depositional trend that is strongly controlled by fluvial input into a shallow marine environment. 相似文献
14.
To reconstruct the paleoenvironments of the Cansona Formation, a Cretaceous succession in Colombia that has controversial paleoenvironmental interpretation, occasionally deep marine and occasionally shallow marine, palynofacies analyses were conducted on 93 samples from four sections of the Sinú San Jacinto Basin in the north, midwest, and southwest sectors. For the palynofacies analyses, the kerogen categories were counted and subjected to cluster analyses. Four palynofacies associations were revealed for the four sections: Palynofacies Association I (PA I), which consisted of microforaminiferal linings, scolecodonts, dinoflagellate cysts, pollen grains, and fungi hyphae; PA II, which consisted of phytoclast translucent non-biostructured and biostructured, opaque phytoclasts (equidimensional and lath shaped); PA III, which consisted of pseudoamorphous particles, cuticles, resin, and fungal spores; and PA IV, which consisted of fluorescent and non-fluorescent amorphous organic matter and the fresh-water algae Botryococcus. In contrast to early studies that suggested a generalization of the depositional environment for the Cansona Formation (deep or shallow conditions), this study suggests that the formation reflects conspicuous stratigraphic and lateral changes and hence different depositional environments. The Cerro Cansona (CC4 section) and Chalán (AP section) areas are a more marine proximal settings (Early Campanian-Maastrichtian), and there is an intermediate setting for the Lorica area (SC section) and deeper conditions for the Montería area (CP2 section). 相似文献
15.
Adel W. Felestteen Maher I. El-Soughier Mustafa S. Mohamed Mostafa N. S. Monged 《Arabian Journal of Geosciences》2014,7(9):3467-3480
A total of 51 samples, collected from the Jurassic sediments (Ras Qattara, Yakout, Khatatba, Masajid, and Alam El Bueib (member 6) formations) of Salam-3X well, were subjected to organic geochemical analysis. Of the samples, nine have been subjected to palynofacies investigation. Based on the sedimentary organic matter, these sediments show only one palynofacies type, indicating the presence of gas- and oil-prone source rocks and reflecting deposition under marginal dysoxic–anoxic to shelf-to-basin transition conditions. The total organic content of the samples analyzed is characterized by a wide range of content, including fair, good, very good, and excellent. The organic matter quality of these samples is concentrated around types III (gas prone), III–II (gas and oil prone), and II (oil prone), reflecting gas- and oil-prone sediments, with a tendency to generate gas rather than oil; the result matches with the palynological analysis data. The temperature of maximum pyrolytic hydrocarbon generation of analyzed samples are ranging between 440 and 457 °C, reflecting thermally mature organic matter. 相似文献
16.
17.
O. B. Kuzmina Z. N. Gnibidenko L. B. Khazin I. V. Khazina 《Stratigraphy and Geological Correlation》2017,25(3):342-361
New micropaleontological and paleomagnetic data were obtained by studying core samples of Cenozoic continental deposits from two boreholes drilled in the south of Tyumen oblast (Western Siberia). Palynological assemblages in deposits of the Tavda (upper part), Novomikhailovka, Turtas, Abrosimovka, Tobolsk, Smirnovka, and Suzgun formations were described. Deposits of these formations are enriched in spore-pollen assemblages, which can be correlated with assemblages of regional palynozones of the West Siberian Plain. Ostracods were described in Quaternary deposits. On the basis of biostratigraphic and paleomagnetic data, the Late Eocene (Priabonian)–Holocene age of deposits was substantiated. For the first time, beds with dinocysts of genus Pseudokomewuia were identified in deposits of the Turtas Formation (Upper Oligocene) of the Ishim lithofacial area. In total, nine regional magnetozones were distinguished in the paleomagnetic section. On the basis of palynological and paleomagnetic data, sections of two boreholes were correlated, and hiatuses in sedimentation were revealed. A large hiatus is at the Eocene-Oligocene boundary (Western Siberia): the Lower Oligocene Atlym Horizon and Miocene–Pliocene and Eopleistocene sediments are missing. The Oligocene interval of the section is represented in a reduced volume. 相似文献
18.
Data on spores, pollen, and dinoflagellate cysts studied in composite section of Oligocene-Miocene deposits in southern part of West Siberia are presented. Eleven biostratigraphic units distinguished in the section are ranked as palynozones and beds with palynological assemblages. Palynological data substantiate age of deposits and specify ranges and boundaries of palynozones. Based on dinocyst assemblages first studied in sediments of the Zhuravka and Abrosimovo horizons (upper Oligocene, lower Miocene), the Pseudokomewuia Beds are included into local stratigraphic scheme. According to results of comparative analysis, similar and distinctive features of Oligocene-Miocene dinocyst assemblages from West Siberia, China and North America are elucidated. Based on palynological data, the local stratigraphic scheme of higher resolution is suggested for subdivision of Oligocene and Miocene deposits in southern part of West Siberia (Baraba and Kulunda lithofacies regions). 相似文献
19.
川西高原的上白垩统及第三系 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
川西高原的上白垩统及第三系属于山间盆地型陆相沉积 ,红层发育 ,化石稀少 ,地层划分、对比困难。本地区有化石证据的白垩纪地层仅见于雀儿山南麓的德格县 ,错阿组为一套红色含砾砂岩和粉、细砂岩 ,上部夹灰黄、灰黑色钙质粉砂岩及含铜砂岩 ,深灰色含铜砂岩中产有以希指蕨孢居统治地位的孢粉植物群 ,地质时代为晚白垩世中期。本区古近系红层发育 ,理塘县热鲁村附近的热鲁群下部为红色岩系 ,中上部灰黄、灰色粉砂岩内产以 Pali-binia和桃金娘科为主的植物群 ,时代为早—中始新世。目前可以肯定的中新统仅见于松潘县红土坡一带 ,为一套含煤的灰、灰黄色碎屑岩系 ,其中所含的叶化石和孢子花粉表明其时代为中新世。上新统至更新统分布较广 ,北部以白玉县昌台地区较为典型 ,称昌台群。无论从化石或岩性看昌台群均可分为上、下两套 :下部以杂色碎屑岩为主 ,夹砾岩和玄武岩 ,其中的孢粉组合以麻黄及榆科、藜科花粉丰富为特征 ;上部以含褐煤的暗色碎屑岩为主 ,除丰富的植物化石外 ,孢子花粉为松科、菊科、杜鹃科等居优势的组合 ,昌台群的地质时代为上新世到到早更新世。南部的上新统—更新统以昔格达组为代表 ,主要是河湖相暗色岩系 ,局部地区有褐煤夹层 ,产植物叶化石和孢子花粉 ,时代主要属于更新世 ,下部在某 相似文献