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1.
四海龙湾玛珥湖沉积物中碱流质火山灰的来源及其意义 总被引：5，自引：1，他引：5
四海龙湾玛珥湖位于东北新生代龙岗火山区内,在玛珥湖沉积物距湖底69-70cm处分离出新鲜的火山灰。根据火山灰产出的层位、原生沉积特征、形貌和碱流质化学成分特征,属于长白山天池火山公元1199-1200年大喷发的产物。这一结果不仅表明天池火山历史时期大喷发的规模比原来估计的还要大,并且为建立千年以来四海龙湾沉积物及古气候演化的时间标尺提供了依据。 相似文献
2.
松辽盆地梨树断陷双龙地区白垩系火石岭组发育中心式和裂隙式两种喷发型火山,其在发育规模、油气成藏等方面存在不同。中心式喷发型火山活动剧烈,持续时间长,火山岩分布面积广,厚度大,岩性从基性火山岩逐渐向中性火山岩转变;裂隙式喷发型火山活动弱,持续时间短,火山岩分布面积小,厚度薄,岩性主要为中性火山岩。中心式喷发型火山与湖盆水体相邻,形成火山-湖泊沉积环境,火山岩、砂砾岩、深湖-半深湖泥岩交替沉积,使得中心式喷发型火山发育区的火石岭组具有良好的生、储、盖条件,并形成自生自储型生储盖组合方式;裂隙式喷发型火山远离湖盆水体,火山岩的分布与深湖相泥岩没有直接接触,加之储层物性差,因此裂隙式喷发型火山发育区的火石岭组油气成藏条件差。通过对研究区钻井、试油、地震等资料的综合分析认为,研究区西部中心式喷发型火山发育区是火石岭组有利的勘探区域,其烃源岩为深湖-半深湖泥岩,储集体包括火山碎屑岩、砂砾岩和火山岩,储集空间主要为裂缝和孔隙。 相似文献
3.
Volcanic eruptions in the Longgang volcanic field,northeastern China,during the past 15,000 years 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Jiaqi Liu Guoqiang Chu Jingtai Han Patrick Rioual Weiyi Jiao Kaijun Wang 《Journal of Asian Earth Sciences》2009,34(5):645-654
The Longgang volcanic field, located in northeastern China, is volcanically active with a number of eruptions during the Quaternary but the chronology of the eruptions is poorly defined. Some tephra layers are well preserved in the annually laminated sediments of maar lakes in the region, and facilitate the construction of a much improved chronological framework for the volcanic history of the area. The results of our investigations reveal that three basaltic explosive eruptions occurred at AD 460, 11460 cal yr BP and 14000 cal yr BP, respectively. The largest explosive basaltic eruption (AD 460) produced a thick black scoria layer in the Longgang volcanic field, including lakes. The tephra distribution and chronological data suggest that this eruption is likely to be from the Jinlongdingzi volcano. Two basaltic flood eruptions occurred at Jinlongdingzi. The earlier basaltic eruption produced a lava flow that spread over a forest and encased standing trees. Two radiocarbon ages obtained from charcoal samples collected from the burned remains of these trees are 1828–1989 cal yr BP and 2164–2359 cal yr BP. In the most recent stage of volcanism, the lava flow extended only ca. 2 km, and flowed into Lake Dalongwan. From the present status of the forest ecosystem, which has not yet reached the fully mature successional stage, we estimate that this lava is very young (ca. a few hundreds years old). Jinlongdingzi is a potentially dangerous volcano. Monitoring and assessment of the potential hazards in the Longgang volcanic field should be carried out in the future. 相似文献
4.
新疆东准噶尔石炭纪火山机构类型与时限 总被引：10，自引：2，他引：8
东准噶尔卡拉麦里大气田的主要储层是石炭纪火山岩,石炭纪古火山机构的样式与组合特征,与火山岩储层展布关系密切。野外调查表明,隐爆角砾岩是东准噶尔石炭纪古火山机构最常见的标志之一。东准噶尔石炭纪古火山机构类型主要有中心式、裂隙式和裂隙-中心式等样式。中心式火山机构以大石头层状火山、柯克巴斯套锥状火山最为典型;巴塔玛依内山附近沿断裂分布的带状火山岩具有裂隙式喷发的特征;东黑山火山具有火山口串珠状排列特征,是裂隙-中心式喷发的产物。大石头地区原缪林托凯陶山组火山岩的锆石SHRIMP U-Pb年龄为345.6±7.1 Ma,而已知巴塔玛依内山组火山岩年龄是350.0±6.3Ma,因此东准噶尔火山活动的主要时期是早石炭世。 相似文献
5.
内蒙锡林浩特鸽子山火山地质研究 总被引：4，自引：3，他引：1
鸽子山火山位于内蒙古自治区锡林浩特市东南,处于大兴安岭-大同新生代火山喷发带中段,是锡林浩特-阿巴嘎火山群中保存最为完好的一座玄武质火山。火山喷发物的分布面积约55km2,主要为降落火山渣、溅落熔结火山碎屑岩和熔岩流,成分主要为碧玄岩,晚期有少量的橄榄拉斑玄武岩,碧玄岩中含有较多二辉橄榄岩包体和辉石及歪长石巨晶。火山由锥体、熔岩流和火山碎屑席组成,锥体由早期的降落锥和晚期溅落锥复合而成。火山口经历多次塌陷而成为破火口。锥体西侧及北东侧出露两个仍保留了原始形态的熔岩溢出口,熔岩流类型为结壳熔岩,由多个岩流单元组成,局部地区的熔岩流中发育较多保存完好的喷气锥、喷气碟或喷气塔。火山碎屑席主要分布在锥体的东侧,厚度由锥体向外逐渐减薄。火山活动可分为早、晚两个阶段,早期为爆破式喷发,形成火山渣锥和碎屑席,属亚布里尼型喷发,晚期主要为溢流式喷发,形成溅落锥和大规模熔岩流,其活动时代为晚更新世末-全新世。 相似文献
6.
火山隐伏机构的研究对火山演化、火山地热勘探与开发具有重要的意义。本文选取伊通盆地内的横头山火山开展研究,采用航磁、大地电磁测深、可控源音频大地电磁测深等多种地球物理方法探测火山隐伏机构,揭示了横头山火山的形成时间和深部动力学过程,以及隐伏岩体的空间形态和构造环境,确立了一套针对隐伏火山机构的地球物理探测体系。研究表明：横头山火山形成于第四纪早更新世晚期,在压扭应力作用下,玄武岩岩浆由深部沿马鞍山断裂挤出地表,现阶段岩浆通道已经闭合,一部分岩浆停留在通道中;横头山火山隐伏部分与围岩存在较大磁性差异,地表磁异常面积为2.6 km2,沿马鞍山断裂北东向不均匀分布,埋藏深度小于1 000 m。 相似文献
7.
广西涠洲岛南湾火山喷发特征 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
涠洲岛是北部湾内的一座火山岛, 火山熔岩构筑了该岛的基底, 岛南端的南湾火山喷发物形成了涠洲岛现代火山地貌.南湾火山喷发以岩浆喷发和射气岩浆喷发交替进行为特征, 火山碎屑岩和基浪堆积物向岛北延伸, 覆盖了大半个涠洲岛.选取了鳄鱼嘴和猪仔岛2个典型剖面, 对南湾火山喷发活动进行详细的观察和描述, 发现了诸如爬升层理、大型低角度交错层理和板状层理等射气岩浆喷发成因的基浪堆积物中特有的构造, 并且观察到射气岩浆作用的指相物质——增生火山砾.所有这些现象都反映了南湾火山是射气与岩浆交替喷发成因的复合火山, 其中射气岩浆喷发占据重要地位, 而喷发中心位于南湾海中. 相似文献
8.
A. V. Andronikov D. A. Subetto D. S. Lauretta I. E. Andronikova D. A. Drosenko D. D. Kuznetsov T. V. Sapelko L. S. Syrykh 《Doklady Earth Sciences》2014,457(1):819-823
Concentration and distribution of trace elements across the sequence of the Late Pleistocene sediments from the lake Medvedevskoye suggest the addition of materials other than those from a common source for the lake sediments of the region. The sediments of the lake Medvedevskoye carry some geochemical fingerprints which could be related the ET event that occurred at ca. 12.9 ka. Because such fingerprints are extremely subtle, the NW Russia can be considered to be the most remote eastern region of the extent of the Late Pleistocene airborne ET material. The sediments of the lake Medvedevskoye can also contain volcanic material from the eruption of the Laacher See (Germany) volcano and probably from other Late Pleistocene volcanoes of Western Europe and/or Iceland. 相似文献
9.
The sediment record from the Piànico palaeolake in the southern Alps is continuously varved, spans more than 15 500 years, and represents a key archive for interglacial climate variability at seasonal resolution. The stratigraphic position of the Piànico Interglacial has been controversial in the past. The identification of two volcanic ash layers and their microscopic analysis provides distinct marker layers for tephrochronological dating of these interglacial deposits. In addition to micro‐facies analyses reconstructing depositional processes of both tephra layers within the lake environment, their mineralogical and geochemical composition has been determined through major‐element electron probe micro‐analysis on glass shards. Comparison with published tephra data traced the volcanic source regions of the Piànico tephras to the Campanian volcanic complex of Roccamonfina (Italy) and probably the Puy de Sancy volcano in the French Massif Central. Available dating of near‐vent deposits from the Roccamonfina volcano provides a robust tephrochronological anchor point at around 400 ka for the Piànico Interglacial. These deposits correlate with marine oxygen isotope stage (MIS) 11 and thus are younger than Early to Middle Pleistocene previously suggested by K/Ar dating and older than the last interglacial as inferred from macrofloral remains and the geological setting. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
10.
WEI Haiquan HONG Hanjing R.S.J. SPARKS J.S. WALDER HAN Bin Institute of Geology China Seismological Bureau Beijing Department of Earth Sciences Bristol University UK Cascades Volcano Observatory US Geological Survey USA 《《地质学报》英文版》2004,78(3):790-794
Since the eruption of the Tianchi volcano about 1000 years ago, there have been at least 3 to 5 eruptions of small to moderate size. In addition, hazardous avalanches, rock falls and debris flows have occurred during periods between eruptions. A future eruption of the Tianchi volcano is likely to involve explosive interaction between magma and the caldera lake. The volume of erupted magma is almost in a range of 0.1-0.5 km3. Tephra fallout may damage agriculture in a large area near the volcano. If only 1% of the lake water were ejected during an eruption and then precipitated over an area of 200 km2, the average rainfall would be 100 mm. Moreover, lahars are likely to occur as both tephra and water ejected from the caldera lake fall onto flanks of the volcano. Rocks avalanching into the caldera lake also would bring about grave hazards because seiches would be triggered and lake water with the volume equal to that of the landslide would spill out of the existing breach in the caldera and cause flooding 相似文献