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1.
Springs are commonly used as low-cost monitoring locations to assess groundwater quality and long-term trends. However, spring waters in many settings are a mixture of groundwater sources that range in physical properties and water chemistry. The objective of this work was to determine water sources of springs emerging from the North American midcontinent Cambrian-Ordovician aquifer system at a fish hatchery near Lanesboro, Minnesota (USA), and compare and contrast the sources to shallower and deeper sources. The hydrology of the Lanesboro State Fish Hatchery has been studied for decades using a combination of dye tracing, thermal monitoring, geochemical sampling, and nearby borehole and outcrop observations. Previous studies are integrated with recently collected dye tracing results and geochemical data to develop a comprehensive conceptual model of groundwater flow. Dye trace findings and geochemistry indicate well-developed karst and bedrock fractures in shallowly buried unconfined carbonate formations are important transport pathways to convey anthropogenically influenced waters from the land surface to the hatchery springs. However, borehole dye traces, thermal monitoring, continuous nitrate monitoring, and mixing calculations show that a deeper confined siliciclastic aquifer is responsible for delivering relatively pristine water that accounts for about half of hatchery spring flux. Characterization of the hatchery’s groundwater systems provides fishery managers with information to protect this vital resource and improved context to interpret water-quality-monitoring data that track agricultural contaminants. The methods and results of this study may be widely applicable across a large extent of the Cambrian-Ordovician aquifer system, and to multiaquifer sedimentary bedrock systems elsewhere.
相似文献2.
《Applied Geochemistry》2005,20(11):2063-2081
This paper deals with chemical and isotope analyses of 21 springs, which were monitored 3 times in the course of 2001; the monitoring program was focused on the groundwater of the Gran Sasso carbonate karst aquifer (Central Italy), typical of the mountainous Mediterranean area.Based on the hydrogeological setting of the study area, 6 groups of springs with different groundwater circulation patterns were distinguished. The hydrogeochemistry of their main components provided additional information about groundwater flowpaths, confirming the proposed classification. The spatial distribution of their ion concentrations validated the assumptions underlying the hydrogeological conceptual model, showing diverging groundwater flowpaths from the core to the boundaries of the aquifer. Geochemical modelling and saturation index computation elucidated water–carbonate rock interaction, contribution by alluvial aquifers at the karst aquifer boundaries, as well as impacts of human activities.The analysis of 18O/16O and 2H/H values and their spatial distribution in the aquifer substantiated the hydrogeology-based classification of 6 groups of springs, making it possible to trace back groundwater recharge areas based on mean isotope elevations; the latter were calculated by using two rain monitoring stations. 87Sr/86Sr analyses showed seasonal changes in many springs: in winter–spring, the changes are due to inflow of new recharge water, infiltrating into younger rocks and thus increasing 87Sr/86Sr values; in summer–autumn, when there is no recharge and spring discharge declines, changes are due to base flow groundwater circulating in more ancient rocks, with a subsequent drop in 87Sr/86Sr values.The results of this study stress the contribution that spatio-temporal isotope monitoring can give to the definition of groundwater flowpaths and hydrodynamics in fissured and karst aquifers, taking into account their hydrogeological and hydrogeochemical setting. 相似文献
3.
Numerical simulation of karst groundwater system for discharge prediction and protection design of spring in Fangshan District,Beijing 
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下载免费PDF全文 As the rapid growth of population and social economy, the situation of water resources shortage in Beijing city becomes more and more serious. Karst groundwater in Beijing has great potential for development. The reasonable exploitation of karst groundwater can enhance the water-supply stability of Beijing city. Firstly, the distribution of springs has been investigated in Fangshan, Beijing, and the characteristics of these springs have also been analyzed. Secondly, the hydrogeological conceptual model has been built, based on this, the groundwater flow numerical simulation model was established, and the parameter identification and validation of the model were performed under groundwater level and spring discharge. The results shows that the simulated values of groundwater level and spring discharge are very close to measured values, and the model can be used for groundwater resources evaluation and spring discharge prediction. Finally, a reasonable exploitation design has been developed with three exploitation scenarios considering the spring discharge protection; meanwhile, the quantity of groundwater resources was evaluated in the karst aquifer. The simulation results indicate that different exploitation yields have a significant impact on spring discharge; and the effective measures should be taken to protect the spring discharge 相似文献
4.
Well-developed karst aquifers tend to be heterogeneous and consist of variable porosities. Groundwater monitoring and the
associated data interpretations in such aquifers are often more complicated than porous medium aquifers. Collection of representative
data in karst aquifers often requires monitoring at appropriately located wells and/or springs that are proven to connect
to the groundwater system. Water samples are to be collected under different flow conditions, including base flow, high-flow,
and low-flow. The sampling frequencies may vary from several months for base flows to minutes in response to recharge events.
The groundwater monitoring program presented in this paper is for a cement kiln dust mono-fill site in a karst area of southern
Indiana. Following dye tracing and extensive geophysical investigations, one spring was selected as a monitoring location.
A second spring should be used as a monitoring location when the last cell of the mono-fill begins receiving the wastes. The
paper discusses results from the first spring, at which nine background sampling events were completed to evaluate the natural
variations of the water quality. Based on the background data, a statistical evaluation plan was developed for 12 water-quality
parameters to determine the integrity of the landfill. The statistical power of the statistical analyses was evaluated by
Monte Carlo simulations. 相似文献
5.
济南市岩溶泉域地下水化学特征与水环境演化 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
分析山东省济南市趵突泉泉域的岩溶地下水水化学特征与水环境,揭示各化学指标的区域分布特征、时间变化特征以及相互转化关系,总结出济南地区地下水环境现状与演化规律。结果表明:济南市岩溶地下水水化学类型自东南向西北沿流场方向为:HCO3?SO4-Ca→HCO3?SO4-Ca?Mg→HCO3-Ca→HCO3-Ca?Mg;地下水NO〖_3^-〗-N浓度总体呈增高趋势,总硬度和TDS浓度较高,农业种植区大量使用化肥农药和企业污染物的排放,是引起济南市岩溶地下水水环境问题的主要原因。 相似文献
6.
济南泉域排泄区岩溶地下水水化学特征 总被引：10，自引：2，他引：10
文章通过分析研究济南泉域排泄区地下水水化学成分特征及形成过程,结合岩溶地下水的补径排条件,揭示了不同位置、不同深度循环的水质存在差异的原因。为保护泉水、优化泉域内地下水的开采方案提供了依据。 相似文献
7.
Characterization of karst conduits by tracer tests for an artificial recharge scheme 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Challenged by rapidly changing climate in combination with an increase in anthropogenic pressures, karst groundwater resources in the Old Town of Lijiang (OTLJ), SW China, are diminishing. Higher frequency and longer duration of dried-up periods have been observed at the Heilongtan Park (HP) Springs in recent years. Thus, there is an urgent need for an artificial recharge scheme, aimed at replenishing groundwater in the aquifer and increasing the outflow of the springs to ensure effective water resources management. Evaluation of the scheme feasibility, prior to its implementation, is important. In this study, tracer tests were conducted between the recharge area and receiving springs in order to gain insight into the transport mechanisms of karst groundwater and the structural characteristics of the aquifer. Multiple underground flow paths, exhibiting high conductivity between the recharge area and HP Springs, were revealed by the interpretation of tracer breakthrough curves. Three springs considered as the leakages of the scheme were identified. Moreover, the outflow of springs at HP and OTLJ were predicted to be increased by the artificially recharged water after 9.2 and 12.5 days, respectively. Quantitative analysis of tracer recoveries demonstrates that the springs to be recharged and the springs considered as leakages, respectively, share 45 and 55% of the increased outflow. The feasibility of the scheme has been confirmed by the tracer tests. This report provides references for the evaluation of artificial groundwater recharge and protection strategies, particularly in large and poorly investigated karst spring fields.
相似文献8.
沉积物和悬浮颗粒物在岩溶水系统污染物衰减与运移中的作用 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
本文讨论了沉积物和悬浮颗粒物/胶体在岩溶水系统污染物衰减与运移中的作用,介绍了关于瑞士某岩溶水系统内颗粒物与微生物污染间关系的实验结果。该实验场包括一个接纳农田排水的落水洞及与其相连的两个泉,其中一个泉是供水水源地。利用便携式粒子计实时监测泉水中颗粒分布的变化情况,同时对浊度、总有机碳和其它参数进行连续监测;并对水中E型大肠菌群进行了分析。在暴雨过后,观测到了浊度的两种不同表现:即泉排泄量增加时,浊度最初表现为脉状水动力条件下岩溶系统内沉积物的二次运移;几天后观测到的浊度则表明水已从落水洞到了泉口,常常具有高的总有机碳、硝酸盐及E型大肠菌群。颗粒分布分析结果差异更大:早期的浊度是不同粒径颗粒物的混合,而后期的浊度更多是由较细颗粒构成,因为大颗粒物已沉积在落水洞到泉口之间的岩溶系统内。E型大肠菌群与0.9～1.5 μm颗粒物之间具有很好的相关性。因而较细颗粒的相对增加可应用于微生物污染 “早期预报系统”。除了水污染,颗粒分还可以帮助我们研究岩溶环境的其它问题,如土壤侵蚀。 相似文献
9.
岩溶大泉是中国北方岩溶地下水的主要天然排泄形式,它们集供水、旅游、生态等功能于一体,是重要的自然资源。自20世纪后期,受自然、特别是人类大规模开发、采煤等活动的影响,有近30%的岩溶大泉断流,其中不乏中外闻名的大泉。十七大以来,各地政府积极响应党中央国务院加强生态文明建设的号召,启动了一些重要断流岩溶大泉复流的生态修复工程。本文根据北方断流岩溶大泉的结构模式与成因,提出了包括利用上游水库蓄水、调节渗漏段河水流量、在河流渗漏段实施人工增补工程、在岩溶地下水强径流带和排泄区采取关井压采、封堵泉口下游自流井、对煤矿带压区进行监控、补给区分区植树造林措施的复流模式;以山西太原晋祠泉为实例,在对各项复流措施效果进行定量优化评价的基础上,得出抬高汾河二库水位至设计标高、关闭岩溶地下水强径流带内白家庄煤矿降压排水井、封堵处置泉口下游自流井是近期经济可行的有效措施的结论;最后利用建立的泉域地下水渗流数值模型,预测实施三项近期措施后,晋祠泉水可望在2年左右的时间实现复流,该结论以期为晋祠泉及北方岩溶区其他同类型岩溶泉水生态复流工作提供示范与参考。 相似文献
10.
Sustainable yield of a karst aquifer system: a case study of Jinan springs in northern China 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Based on the long-term monitoring data of rainfall, groundwater levels, groundwater abstraction, spring flow rates and groundwater quality, an assessment has been undertaken of the sustainable yield of a karst aquifer system in Shandong Province, northern China, to maintain perennial outflow of the karst springs while meeting water demands. One of the fundamental indicators for sustainable yield of groundwater is identified as maximum allowable water-level drawdown. A regional three-dimensional finite-difference numerical model has been developed to optimize the schemes associated with well fields and their locations and sustainable yields, in the Jinan spring catchment and its adjacent karst groundwater catchments, with the aim of maintaining the water level higher than the allowable lowest water level of 27.5?m above sea level. Furthermore, measures necessary to move towards sustainable use of the karst groundwater are outlined, drawing on contingency plans of water-source replacement and artificial recharge, dual water supply (based in water quality), use of the spring waters themselves, and groundwater quality protection. 相似文献
11.
晋祠泉和兰村泉是山西著名的岩溶大泉,受自然条件变化和人类活动的影响,两个泉于20世纪末相继断流。针对山西省政府提出的要使晋祠、兰村泉水复流的生态修复目标任务,文章在泉域水文地质调查基础上,就泉水复流密切相关的四个关键性岩溶水文地质条件问题开展研究并提出了新认识。核实了目前划定的晋祠—兰村泉域边界,依据最新资料对现行的晋祠、兰村泉域边界提出了7处修正,修改后晋祠泉域面积由2 030 km2变为2 713 km2,兰村泉域面积由2 500 km2变为2 614 km2。汾河二库在蓄水后库区的主体部分划归到晋祠泉域而非兰村泉域,其渗漏补给是造成近年来晋祠泉域区域岩溶地下水位大幅回升的主要原因。确定了晋祠泉域内盘道—马家山断裂带是一个岩溶水强富水带,也是岩溶地下水从北部中、上寒武统含水岩组向南部中奥陶统含水岩组的转换带。圈定了晋祠泉域:玉门河南峪村—杜儿平煤矿东侧—官地矿与白家庄矿交界处—龙山—明仙村东—晋祠泉的岩溶地下水强径流带。这些认识是开展晋祠—兰村泉域岩溶地下水资源评价、地下水开发管理和保护的基础,更是制定晋祠、兰村泉水复流方案的重要依据。 相似文献
12.
Nataša Ravbar Juan Antonio Barberá Metka Petrič Janja Kogovšek Bartolomé Andreo 《Environmental Earth Sciences》2012,65(8):2259-2272
In this study a multi-tracer test with fluorescent tracers was combined with time series analyses of natural tracers to characterize
the dynamics of the solute transport through different recharge pathways and to study hydraulic behaviour of a binary karst
system under low-flow conditions. Fluorescent tracer testing included the introduction of uranine, amidorhodamine G, or naphthionate
at three injection points. Sampling and monitoring took place at two karst springs (Malenščica, Unica) and at two underground
rivers (Pivka, Rak) recharging the Unica River at the Polje of Planina, SW Slovenia. Other monitored parameters included precipitation,
spring or underground river discharge, water temperature, and electrical conductivity. Water samples were collected and analyzed
for total organic carbon, Mg2+, SO4
2−, and NO3
− in the laboratory. In the study area, results of the tracer test suggest that contaminant transport in karst may be retarded
for several weeks during low-flow conditions followed by increases in contaminant concentrations after subsequent rainfall
events. Based on interpretation of tracer concentration breakthrough curves, low apparent dominant flow velocities (i.e.,
between 5.8 and 22.8 m/h through the well developed karst conduits, and 3.6 m/h through the prevailing vadose zone with a
dominant influence of a diffuse recharge) were obtained. Together with analyses of hydro-chemographs the artificial tracing
identified different origins of water recharging the studied aquifer. During prolonged low-water conditions the Malenščica
spring is mainly recharged from the karst aquifer and the Unica spring by the sinking Pivka River. After more intensive rainfall
events allogenic recharge from Cerknica prevails in the Malenščica spring, while the Unica spring drains mainly the allogenic
water from the Pivka Valley. These findings of alternating hydraulic connections and drainage areas due to respective hydrological
conditions are important and should be considered when monitoring water quality, implementing groundwater protection measures,
and optimizing future water exploitation. 相似文献
13.
利用多年观测资料,结合地下水补、径、排条件,分析娘子关岩溶地下水动态变化特征及成因。结果表明:（1）娘子关泉群流量在1980-2004年前总体表现为下降状态,2004年之后趋于稳定并略有回升;（2）岩溶地下水位动态空间上表现为地下水补给区比径流区变化大,时间上则分为两个不同时间段:1980-2004年表现为持续下降状态,2005-2014年表现为波动缓慢下降,部分地区水位小幅回升;龙庄岩溶地下水1998年1月到2004年1月水位下降22.9 m,平均年变幅3.82 m,2005年5月到2014年5月水位升高1.5 m,年均变化-0.17 m。 相似文献
14.
文章利用水化学、2H、18O同位素、87Sr/86Sr比值、13C和14C同位素对济南岩溶地下水补给来源、地热水补给来源进行研究。结果表明,岩溶冷水水化学类型以HCO3-Ca、HCO3·SO4-Ca型为主、地热水以SO4-Ca型为主。在旱季,间接补给区对泉群地下水补给比率在66.00%~73.58%之间,直接补给区仅占到26.42%~34.00%,旱季泉水的主要来源为间接补给区岩溶地下水。地热水受到了更新世以来的降水补给,是不同时期降水补给所形成的混合地下水,接受补给区域应为高程较高的张夏或者炒米店-三山子组地层,补给高程在350~550 m之间。 相似文献
15.
基于地下水开发的岩溶地下水系统类型划分方案探讨 总被引：3，自引：2，他引：1
岩溶山区多年的地下水开发利用实践证明,传统的岩溶地下水系统划分不利于指导岩溶山区勘查找水和地下水资源的开发。为了更好地指导岩溶山区地下水资源的勘查和开发,文章从有利指导岩溶山区地下水勘查和开发利用的角度,在继承传统划分方法的基础上,提出了一种新的以地下水的赋存条件、富集条件,以及开发条件三个层次组合的地下水系统综合划分方法:根据岩溶地下水系统与供水目标在空间上的关系划分为“高位”和“低位”两种类型,根据控制地下水富集的水文地质结构划分为“开放”和“封闭”两个亚类,根据地下水的水动力和排泄特点划分为集中（地下河、岩溶泉）和分散排泄三类系统,并给出了“高位”型地下水系统开发成本低、“封闭型”地下水系统资源丰富,“封闭型地下水系统”是缺水区勘查找水的主要目标,合理的岩溶水系统的开发利用应按照“高位封闭型”、“高位开放型”、“低位封闭型”的顺序进行规划部署,“低位开放型”地下水系统则因富水性差、开发利用成本高可作为储备水源地的建议。 相似文献
16.
Karst groundwater management by defining protection zones based on regional geological structures and groundwater flow fields 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
Yonghong Hao Tian-Chyi J. Yeh Caihong Hu Yanrong Wang Xia Li 《Environmental Geology》2006,50(3):415-422
In a semiarid region, the karst aquifer generally forms a large groundwater reservoir that can play an important role in regional water supply. But because of the specific physical properties of karst aquifers, they are vulnerable to pollution and anthropogenic impacts. Karst groundwater management strategies are vital. As representative of karst springs in a semiarid area, Niangziguan Springs is located in the east of Shanxi Province, China with an annual average rate of discharge of 10.34 m3/s (1956–2003) (Y. Liang, unpublished data). The Niangziguan Spring Basin covers an area of 7,394 km2 with an annual average precipitation of 535 mm (1958–2003) (Hao et al. in Carsologica Sinica 23(1):43–47, 2004). Over the past three decades, accelerated groundwater exploitation has caused water-table decline in the aquifer, reduction of the spring discharge, and deterioration of water quality. In this study, three protection zones were defined to ensure the quality and capacity of this resource. The confluence of the 11 spring systems and the discharge areas were defined as I protection zone, the recharge basin was II protection zone, and the slack water area where there is little surface recharge was the III protection zone. Management strategies for each zone were suggested and evaluated to provide a scientific foundation for sustainable utilization. 相似文献
17.
Assessing the groundwater recharge potential zone and differentiation of the spring catchment area are extremely important to effective management of groundwater systems and protection of water quality. The study area is located in the Saldoran karstic region, western Iran. It is characterized by a high rate of precipitation and recharge via highly permeable fractured karstic formations. Pire-Ghar, Sarabe-Babaheydar and Baghe-rostam are three major karstic springs which drain the Saldoran anticline. The mean discharge rate and electrical conductivity values for these springs were 3, 1.9 and 0.98 m3/s, and 475, 438 and 347 μS/cm, respectively. Geology, hydrogeology and geographical information system (GIS) methods were used to define the catchment areas of the major karstic springs and to map recharge zones in the Saldoran anticline. Seven major influencing factors on groundwater recharge rates (lithology, slope value and aspect, drainage, precipitation, fracture density and karstic domains) were integrated using GIS. Geology maps and field verification were used to determine the weights of factors. The final map was produced to reveal major zones of recharge potential. More than 80 % of the study area is terrain that has a recharge rate of 55–70 % (average 63 %). Evaluating the water budget of Saldoran Mountain showed that the total volume of karst water emerging from the Saldoran karst springs is equal to the total annual recharge on the anticline. Therefore, based on the geological and hydrogeological investigations, the catchment area of the mentioned karst springs includes the whole Saldoran anticline. 相似文献
18.
为查明云南丽江黑龙潭泉域九子海洼地补给区地下水与周边泉水的连通关系,提供泉水修复的科学依据,采用人工化学示踪方法,选取碘化钾作为示踪剂,开展了一次大型地下水示踪试验。根据试验数据计算地下水渗流速度,并分析黑龙潭泉域地下水系统结构特征。结果表明:九子海洼地补给区地下水与黑龙潭泉群和古城泉群具有显著的连通关系,与清溪泉群和白浪花泉群不存在连通关系,九子海至黑龙潭和古城的地下水渗流速度分别为405.86~1 077.84 m·d-1、349.96~629.09 m·d-1。九子海洼地为黑龙潭泉域地下水系统的主要补给区,同时也可作为黑龙潭泉水修复的有效注水点,接受补给后,主要通过深层岩溶管道向南运移至黑龙潭—古城方向,其中黑龙潭泉群为系统的排泄天窗。 相似文献
19.
The Tam Duong karst area in NW Vietnam is among the poorest and remotest regions in the country. The local population largely depends on water from two main karst springs. Due to agricultural activity and untreated domestic wastewaters, the spring water is often microbiologically contaminated. In order to provide a scientific basis for groundwater protection in the area, different field methods have been applied including hydrogeological framework investigations, tracer tests, and hydrochemical and microbiological sampling and analyses. All methods had to be adapted to the conditions of a poor and remote area. These adaptations included, amongst other measures, the use of a portable microbiological water_testing kit and the involvement of the local population in the sampling campaign. The tracer tests showed simple and direct connections between two important swallow holes and the two main springs, and made it possible to determine the linear groundwater flow velocities, which are extremely high (up to 875 m/h). The hydrochemical and microbiological data confirmed the strong impact of the streams sinking into the swallow holes on the spring water quality. Future groundwater source protection strategies should consequently focus on the reduction of polluting activities near the sinking streams and within their catchment areas. 相似文献
20.
Presence of springs in karst terranes provides a unique opportunity to study the rather complex, multi-porosity, and multi-permeability
system. When springs are used to evaluate the integrity of storage facilities for hazardous materials or waste disposal facilities
constructed in karst areas, the spatial heterogeneity of karst aquifers makes intra-spring comparisons preferred statistical
tests. One of the commonly used statistical tests is water quality control procedure such as Shewhart-CUSUM control charts.
Appropriate application of the water quality control procedure to intra-spring monitoring depends on whether the assumptions
can be justified about the aquifer that drains to the spring and the dataset collected at the spring. Violation of the assumptions
would render the statistical tests invalid, which may result in a failure of the groundwater monitoring program. In intra-spring
monitoring, it is the temporal variations of water quality at a karst spring need to be addressed, whereas the water quality
at the spring is closely associated with the characteristics of the aquifer. The example datasets presented in the paper indicate
that both false negative and false positive detections can occur if the temporal variation is not well characterized. 相似文献