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1.
沉积盆地沉积物天然水力压裂理论及意义 总被引：5，自引：3，他引：5
在阐明沉积盆地沉积物天然水力压裂机制后，重点讨论了天然水力压裂及幕式排液和意义，以断裂力学的理论和方法分析了压力仓封闭层的破裂问题，并以北海盆地及松辽盆地为例，重点阐述了天然水力断裂系统的特征，规模及意义，明确指出这种断裂系统将对沉积 构造解释及油气勘探具有重要的影响。 相似文献
2.
针对高角度天然裂缝发育地层中的水平井水力压裂问题,开展了水力裂缝自天然裂缝处起裂扩展的理论和试验研究。尝试将天然裂缝简化为与井筒轴线垂直的横向裂缝,基于线弹性断裂力学理论和最大拉应力准则,给出了水力裂缝起裂压力和扩展过程中应力强度因子的计算方法。利用预制横缝模拟高角度天然裂缝,开展了室内水力压裂试验,对水力裂缝的扩展形态和起裂压力进行了研究。理论计算表明,（1）水力裂缝自预制横缝端部起裂后,扩展距离超过1倍的预制横缝端部半径时可将预制横缝和水力裂缝合并起来,整体视作一条横向裂缝来计算应力强度因子;（2）水力裂缝尖端距井壁处的距离大于4倍的井筒半径时,应力强度因子的计算可忽略井筒的影响,近似采用硬币形裂缝的计算公式。试验研究发现,（1）水力裂缝在预制横缝端部起裂并扩展,形成与井筒轴线垂直的横向裂缝,裂缝的扩展呈现出Ⅰ型断裂的特点,形态近似呈圆形,未发现与井筒轴线平行的纵向裂缝的起裂和扩展;（2）排量对破裂净压力和起裂净压力有重要影响,大排量会导致较高的破裂净压力和起裂净压力,在大、小两种排量下起裂净压力的离散性均较小,计算得到的KⅠ临界断裂值的离散性也较小。研究结果可为改善裂缝发育储层的近井裂缝形态提供指导,也可为煤矿开采中预制横向切槽的水力压裂设计提供参考。 相似文献
3.
水力压裂作为一种改造储层渗透性、压裂增产的技术,对页岩气开采具有重要意义。为研究射孔附近水力压裂过程中页岩各向异性特征对破裂压力及裂缝扩展的影响规律,开展了单轴试验条件下不同层理角度的页岩水力压裂试验。研究表明:页岩的破裂压力存在明显的各向异性,破裂压力随层理角度的分布曲线呈U型分布,其中0°和90°破裂压力最大,30°最小;页岩的破裂形态主要有两种,一种为沿着最大主应力方向即竖直方向起裂并延伸,另一种模式为裂缝先沿着最大主应力方向起裂并延伸,延伸过程中直接穿过层理面,随后渐渐转向为沿层理面方向扩展;破裂机制则包括拉张破坏和拉张剪切混合破坏。研究结果对于深入了解页岩裂缝起裂和延伸机理、水力压裂施工设计等具有重要的意义。 相似文献
4.
超临界CO2流体具有低黏度、无表面张力的特性,若应用于非常规油气储层压裂可望实现一种无污染的新型无水压裂方法。通过建立流体在井筒内的增压速率模型,得到了考虑超临界CO2流体黏度、压缩性及增压速率的裂缝起裂压力预测模型,并与水力压裂、液态CO2压裂起裂压力进行了对比分析。结果表明,超临界CO2流体的起裂压力比液态CO2流体低20.5 %,比常规水力压裂起裂压力低75.5%;超临界CO2流体的黏度、压缩性及增压速率对裂缝起裂压力影响显著。模型与文献中试验数据对比,误差在3%以内,可为超临界CO2压裂起裂压力预测提供指导。 相似文献
5.
水力压裂是青海共和盆地干热岩地热资源开发的难点技术问题之一。本文基于升级改造的大尺寸真三轴水力压裂物理模拟实验系统模拟干热岩储层高温高压环境,利用青海共和盆地露头岩心进行水力压裂物理模拟实验,揭示干热岩储层水力裂缝的起裂和扩展规律。通过物理模拟实验发现：干热岩储层裂缝起裂可以通过文中提出的起裂模型判断起裂方式和预测起裂压力;水力裂缝在岩石基质中的扩展形态简单,仅沿最大主应力方向延伸;但是水力裂缝会受到岩石中弱面的影响,发生转向沿弱面延伸,形成较复杂的裂缝形态。因此,建议在干热岩储层实际施工中,在天然裂缝发育较丰富的层段开展水力压裂,以实现复杂裂缝网络提取地热能。 相似文献
6.
断层对油气运移作用研究的新进展 总被引：11，自引：0，他引：11
断层与油气运移关系复杂 ,它对油气运移的作用一直受到广泛的重视。近年来 ,国内外学者在这一领域进行了大量研究 ,取得了一系列新成果和进展。在油气初次运移方面 ,Ｊ .Ａ .Ｃａｒｔｗｒｉｇｈｔ( 1994 )用水力压裂成功地解释了北海盆地早新生代超压泥岩层序中高密度分布的层间断层的成因和流体排出的机制。这些断层是小型伸展构造 ,成簇发育、几何形态复杂 ,其成因与盆地范围的超压封闭箱的幕式崩溃及大量流体流出有关。水力压裂或流体压裂 (ｈｙｄｒｏｆｒａｃｔｕｒｉｎｇ)是由于孔隙中流体压力的增大而导致低渗岩石的破裂 ,破裂面通常… 相似文献
7.
为研究水力压裂时地应力对破裂压力和水力裂缝的影响规律,采用水力压裂试验系统,以相似材料作为研究对象,进行了水力压裂物理模拟试验,并借助煤岩断面三维扫描系统、位移计提取了水力裂缝信息。试验结果表明,随着主应力差的增大,破裂压力逐渐降低,破裂时间也逐渐缩短;随着主应力差的增大,破裂面的表面积逐渐增加,破裂面变得逐渐粗糙;围压相近时水力裂缝易出现转向、分叉,压裂液的动力效应越明显;水力裂缝张开度随着主应力差的增大而逐渐减小。研究结果可为水力压裂试验的进一步研究、裂缝网络系统的建立提供参考。 相似文献
8.
断层对页岩气储层压裂改造有重要影响,甚至诱发深部地震事件和近地表环境问题。本文采用多物理场耦合方法,基于渗流和应力耦合理论,研究储层水力压裂过程中断层以及封闭顶板中水力破坏区域的产生与演化机理,并分析讨论流体沿高渗通道运移扩散机理,研究结果表明:(1)断层改变储层水力破坏区域形态并且扩展了水力压裂破坏空间。较高注水压力使储层水力破坏区域扩大到封闭顶板和底板,水力破坏区域受断层影响而沿着断层带快速发育延伸。高注水压力导致断层水力压裂破坏高度急剧增加,储层封闭性发生改变。(2)在页岩储层高风险地质构造和较高注水压力条件下,水力压裂作业产生岩石破裂和裂缝局部活化诱发的微地震事件,但难以导致破坏性地震事件,多属于断层或较大断裂局部区域产生的水力耦合破坏及可能诱发的较小地震事件。(3)水力破坏区域贯通到断层带内诱发流体沿断层带迁移,断层带的渗透率较高,水力破坏区域与上部高渗透岩层贯通会加快流体的逃逸速度,增大压裂液污染上部地层的风险,导致压裂效率降低,影响储层压裂改造,降低了页岩气开发价值。 相似文献
9.
水力压裂技术广泛使用于页岩气开采工程中。为了分析压裂过程中多裂缝扩展形成复杂裂缝网的机制,尝试将态型近场动力学理论引入页岩水平井水力压裂过程的力学建模与数值仿真,在物质点间相互作用力模型中加入等效水压力项以实现在新生裂缝面上跟踪施加水压力,建立了水力压裂过程的近场动力学分析模型。通过模拟页岩储层的水力压裂过程,可得到复杂的裂缝扩展路径、裂缝网络的形成过程以及裂缝扩展受射孔间距及页岩天然裂缝和层理的影响。研究结果表明:射孔间距过小会造成起裂干扰,使中心射孔的裂缝扩展受到抑制;在压裂压力一定的情况下适当增大射孔间距,可以显著增强页岩压裂形成裂缝网的能力;压裂过程中水平层理面可能张开形成水平裂缝,且天然裂缝会诱导形成更复杂的垂直裂缝。模型和方法可为页岩水力压裂过程和机制研究及工程实践提供参考。 相似文献
10.
为了揭示水压致裂法和巴西劈裂法测量岩石抗拉强度的关系,开展了理论和现场试验研究。基于经典的水压致裂法理论,推导了不同围压下钻孔破裂压力和抗拉强度。利用断裂力学理论建立了水压致裂法和巴西劈裂法测得抗拉强度的关系。利用预制切槽方法模拟天然裂纹,对水力裂缝的起裂压力进行了研究。结果表明：围压为最大主应力等于3倍最小主应力测得的抗拉强度大于围压为0测得的抗拉强度;水压致裂法和巴西劈裂法测量抗拉强度关系与应力场、裂纹长度、断裂韧度3个变量有关;通过在晋城矿区王台铺矿的预制切槽试验,运用断裂力学建立的抗拉强度计算式更为符合现场实际。研究结果可为坚硬难垮落顶板预制切槽的水力压裂设计提供参考。 相似文献
11.
Emily Keeble David I. Whiteside Michael J. Benton 《Proceedings of the Geologists' Association. Geologists' Association》2018,129(2):99-119
Pant-y-ffynnon Quarry in South Wales yielded a rich cache of fossils in the early 1950s, including articulated specimens of new species (the small sauropodomorph dinosaur Pantydraco caducus and the crocodylomorph Terrestrisuchus gracilis), but no substantial study of the wider fauna of the Pant-y-ffynnon fissure systems has been published. Here, our overview of existing specimens, a few described but mostly undescribed, as well as freshly processed material, provides a comprehensive picture of the Pant-y-ffynnon palaeo-island of the Late Triassic. This was an island with a relatively impoverished fauna dominated by small clevosaurs (rhynchocephalians), including a new species, Clevosaurus cambrica, described here from a partially articulated specimen and isolated bones. The new species has a dental morphology that is intermediate between the Late Triassic Clevosaurus hudsoni, from Cromhall Quarry to the east, and the younger C. convallis from Pant Quarry to the west, suggesting adaptive radiation of clevosaurs in the palaeo-archipelago. The larger reptiles on the palaeo-island do not exceed 1.5?m in length, including a small carnivorous crocodylomorph, Terrestrisuchus, and a possible example of insular dwarfism in the basal dinosaur Pantydraco. 相似文献
12.
Gilles Serge Odin 《Comptes Rendus Geoscience》2002,334(6):409-414
Lithostratigraphy, physicochemical stratigraphy, biostratigraphy, and geochronology of the 77–70 Ma old series bracketing the Campanian–Maastrichtian boundary have been investigated by 70 experts. For the first time, direct relationships between macro- and microfossils have been established, as well as direct and indirect relationships between chemo-physical and biostratigraphical tools. A combination of criteria for selecting the boundary level, duration estimates, uncertainties on durations and on the location of biohorizons have been considered; new chronostratigraphic units are proposed. The geological site at Tercis is accepted by the Commission on Stratigraphy as the international reference for the stratigraphy of the studied interval. To cite this article: G.S. Odin, C. R. Geoscience 334 (2002) 409–414. 相似文献
13.
The effect of water on accessory phase solubility in subaluminous and peralkaline granitic melts 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
The solubilities of columbite, tantalite, wolframite, rutile, zircon and hafnon were determined as a function of the water contents in peralkaline and subaluminous granite melts. All experiments were conducted at 1035 °C and 2 kbar and the water contents of the melts ranged from nominally dry to approximately 6 wt.% H2O. Accessory phase solubilities are not affected by the water content of the peralkaline melt. By contrast, solubilities are affected by the water content of the subaluminous melt, where the solubilities of all the accessory phases examined increase with the water content of the melt, up to 2 wt.% H2O. At higher water contents, solubilities are nearly constant. It can be concluded that water is not an important control of accessory phase solubility, although the water content will affect diffusivities of components in the melt, thus whether or not accessory phases will be present as restite material. The solubility behaviour in the subaluminous and peralkaline melts supports previous spectroscopic studies, which have observed differences in the coordination of high field strength elements in dry vs. wet subaluminous granitic glasses, but not for peralkaline granitic glasses. Lastly, the fact that wolframite solubility increases with increasing water content in the subaluminous melt suggests that tungsten dissolved as a hexavalent species. 相似文献
14.
Emmanuel Skourtsos Daniel Vachard Alexandra Zambetakis-Lekkas Rossana Martini Louisette Zaninetti 《Comptes Rendus Geoscience》2002,334(12):925-931
Some olistolites reworked in a Tertiary flysch of Mount Parnon (Peloponnesus, Greece) exhibit a Late Permian assemblage, dominated by Paradunbarula (Shindella) shindensis, Hemigordiopsis cf. luquensis and Colaniella aff. minima. This association corresponds to the Late Wuchiapingian (=Late Dzhulfian), a substage whose algae and foraminifera are generally little known. Contemporaneous limestones crop out in the middle part of the Episkopi Formation in Hydra, but they are rather commonly reworked in Mesozoic and Cainozoic sequences. The palaeobiogeographical affinities shared by the foraminiferal markers of Greece, southeastern Pamir, and southern China, are very strong (up to the specific level), and are congruent with the Pangea B reconstructions. To cite this article: E. Skourtsos et al., C. R. Geoscience 334 (2002) 925–931. 相似文献
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正20141596 Liu Yunhuan(School of Earth Sciences and Resources,Chang’an University,Xi’an 710054,China);Shao Tiequan Early Cambrian Quadrapyrgites Fossils of Xixiang Boita in Southern Shaanxi Province(Journal of Earth Sciences and Environment,ISSN1672-6561,CN61-1423/P,35(3),2013,p.39-43,3 illus.,20 refs.) 相似文献
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正20141719 Chen Zhijun(State Key Laboratory of Geological Processes and Mineral Resources,China University of Geosciences,Wuhan 430074,China);Chen Jianguo Automated Batch Mapping Solution for Serial Maps:A Case Study of Exploration Geochemistry Maps(Journal of Geology,ISSN1674-3636,CN32-1796/P,37(3),2013,p.456-464,2 illus.,2 tables,10 refs.) 相似文献
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正20140962 Chen Fenning(Xi’an Institute of Geology and Mineral Resources,Xi’an710054,China);Chen Ruiming Late Miocene-Early Pleistocene Ostracoda Fauna of Gyirong Basin,Southern Tibet(Acta Geologica Sinica,ISSN0001-5717,CN11-1951/P,87(6),2013,p.872-886,6illus.,56refs.) 相似文献
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正1.IGNEOUS PETROLOGY20142008Cai Jinhui(Wuhan Center,China Geological Survey,Wuhan 430205,China);Liu Wei Zircon U-Pb Geochronology and Mineralization Significance of Granodiorites from Fuzichong Pb-Zn Deposit,Guangxi,South China(Geology and Mineral Resources of South China,ISSN1007-3701,CN42-1417/P,29(4),2013,p.271-281,7illus., 相似文献
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正20141205Cheng Weiming(State Key Laboratory of Resources and Environmental Information System,Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research,CAS,Beijing 100101,China);Xia Yao Regional Hazard Assessment of Disaster Environment for Debris Flows:Taking Jundu Mountain,Beijing as an 相似文献