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淄博市及其邻近地区活断层地震危险性评价 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
本文是山东省防震减灾“十五”重点项目(SD10503)—淄博市活断层探测与地震危险性评价项目的一个子课题和山东省自然科学基金青年基金(Q97E1142)——郯庐断裂带强震孕育动力学模型及其数值模拟研究部分研究成果的总结.在分析研究地震地质、地球物理、断层综合地球物理探测、探槽开挖、断层活动性鉴定等技术手段获得的反映区域地震构造环境、深部构造背景、活动断裂长期滑动习性的定性和定量资料、历史与现代地震活动性和地球动力学资料的基础上,甄别出具有发生破坏性地震的活断层段.同时利用定性、定量和综合判定方法,评价了淄博市及其邻近地区主要断层的地震危险性.本项研究成果为淄博市城区地震小区划、震害预测和断层危害性评价提供了基础依据. 相似文献
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简述了最近20年来国内外岩石高速摩擦实验研究领域的进展和动态:岩石高速摩擦实验技术的发展实现了对高滑动速率、大位移的地震过程的实验模拟;其结果揭示了岩石和断层泥在地震滑动速率下的力学性状,深化了对断层滑动弱化机制、临界滑动距离、以及地震发生过程的认识和理解;实验在假玄武玻璃成因方面取得了重要进展,并提出了断层发生地震滑动可能留下的其它地质证据,可望为研究断层滑动性状与地震物理过程提供新的思路和信息.岩石高速摩擦实验今后的发展方向主要包括:发展具有加温系统和孔隙压系统的岩石高速摩擦实验装置,研究水热作用下岩石和断层泥的高速摩擦性状;室内实验和地震资料分析相结合研究断层滑动和地震机制;室内实验和野外地质调查相结合探索断层发生地震错动的地质证据等等. 相似文献
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本文分析了唐山地震孕震过程的物理力学特征。首先分析孕震体的物理性状及其所处的力学环境,认为孕震体承受着一个力系的作用,提出了唐山地震孕震的物理力学模型。接着以有限元方法对孕震过程进行三维力学分析,注意尽可能应用地球物理观测资料或其反演结果,以便适当确定模型的边界条件与物理参数。文中认为摩擦滑动破坏的机制比较符合实际地震情况,提出摩擦破坏危险度Fs 是否大于1.0来识别破裂危险点。还具体分析了唐山地震的破裂特征,并对分析方法与结果在预报上的意义进行了讨论。 相似文献
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地震勘探方法是隐伏断层探测的一种有效的地球物理探测手段,而地震勘探的探测参数是影响探测效果和断层定位精度的主要因素.本文以银川市活断层探测的浅层地震勘探资料为例,并结合石油地震勘探剖面结果和钻孔地质资料,阐述了在第四纪覆盖层较厚的地区,由深至浅追踪目标断层形态和确定断层上断点空间位置的方法技术.结果表明,采用高分辨率地震勘探和钻孔地质剖面相结合的探测方法是确定隐伏断层位置、判定断层活动性的有效方法. 相似文献
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烟台市及其邻近地区活断层地震危险性评价 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
本文是"十二五"国家科技支撑计划项目专题(2012BAK19B04-01)"郯庐地震断裂带中段地震活动规律及地震危险区判定研究"部分成果的总结。在分析了烟台市及其邻近地区的地震地质、地球物理、断层综合地球物理探测、探槽开挖、断层活动性鉴定等技术手段获得的反映区域地震构造环境、深部构造背景、活动断裂长期滑动习性的定性和定量资料、历史与现代地震活动性和地球动力学资料的基础上,甄别出了具有发生破坏性地震的活断层段。同时采用定性、定量和综合判定的方法,评价了烟台市及其邻近地区主要活动断裂的地震危险性。本文的研究成果可为胶东半岛地区的地震监测预报、地震区划、震害预测和断层危害性评价提供基础依据。 相似文献
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郯庐断裂带的活断层分段与潜在震源区的划分 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
近年来我们在一些工程地震工作中,认为活断层分段在潜在震源区判定中具有举足轻重的作用。一个科学的、有依据的潜在震源区当能客观地反映构造活动特性和地震活动参数。活断层分段,应给出潜在震源区的边界条件及某些参数。应强调活断展与障碍构造的演化和发育,强调活断层自身的风格和特点:如不同的构造类型;断裂几何学、力学和运动学特点,活动量和活动速率;活动时代;横断层的存在及历史强震和古地震的活动等等。以郯庐断裂为例,在实际工作中,把断层进行四级划分可达到和满足潜在震源区的需要,并具有重要意义。 相似文献
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断层崖地貌年龄确定——古地震研究的新动向简介 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
鉴别可能产生地震的断层,在评价地震灾害和危险性以及进行地震预报研究方面早已成为众所周知的课题.由于活断层具有发生大地震的潜在能力,因而无论从地震活动性或工程稳定性都在推动活断层研究的发展.对绝大多数地震发生区而言,地震危险性分析中的主要困难在于不了解潜在的破坏性地震的复发间隔.由于过去的地震事件常以断层作用的形式被保留下来,因而近期在通过地质现象识别古地震事件方面不断取得新的进展,在良好的条件下并能较准确地确定事件的复发间隔以及断层的平均滑动速率.研究古地震的方法大体可分地质方法和地貌方法两类.在活断层地震活动性的地质研究方面,广泛应用探槽技术和年代测定研究断层的活动史及其相应的古地震史,能满意地揭露所在地区的地震活动特征.Sieh在圣安德列斯断层巴雷特溪上的研究具有令人鼓舞的代表性.在地表出现由于地震事件所形成的断层崖时,它们提供了古地 相似文献
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龙陵 -澜沧断裂带是一条新生的断裂带 ,由多条斜列式或丛集式次级断层组成 ,以活断层、地震断层、地震成带分布为特征。运动性质为右旋 -拉张。形成时代为早、中更新世 ,晚期继续活动。未来破裂趋势首先将断开那些构造闭锁段、破裂不连续段 ,然后使断裂带完全贯通。新生断裂带的产生与第四纪青藏高原加速隆起有关 ,由北而南滑移的物质流和阿萨姆楔体向东北方向挤入的共同作用 ,使滇缅块体产生反时针旋转 ,并在块体中间地带形成北北西向的新生断裂带 相似文献
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Dynamic faulting under rate-dependent friction 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
We discuss the effects of rate-dependent friction on the propagation of seismic rupture on active faults. Several physicists using Burridge and Knopoff's box and spring model of faulting have proposed that fault complexity may arise from the spontaneous development of a self-similar stress distribution on the fault plane. If this model proves to be correct, it has important consequences for the origin of the complexity of seismic sources. In order to test these ideas on a more realistic earthquake model, we developed a new boundary integral equation method for studying rupture propagation along an antiplane fault in the presence of nonlinear rate-dependent friction. We study rupture dynamics of models with single and twin asperities. In our models, asperities are places on the fault with a higher value of prestress. Othewise all fault parameters are homogeneous. We show that for models with such asperities, a slip velocity weakening friction leads to the propagation of supersonic healing phases and to the spontaneous arrest of fracture if the prestress outside the asperities is low enough. For models with asperities, we can also observe narrow slip velocity pulses, qualitatively similar to the so-called Heaton pulses observed in some earthquake accelerograms. We also observe a complex distribution of stress after the rupture that depends on details of the initial distribution of asperities and on the details of the friction law. 相似文献
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《地震研究进展（英文）》2021,1(4):100035
Detecting subsurface fault structure is important for evaluating potential earthquake risks associated with active faults. In this study, we propose a new method to detect faults using reflected surface waves observed in ambient noise cross correlation functions. Ambient noise tomography using direct surface waves obtained from ambient noise interferometry has been widely used to characterize active fault zones. In cases where a strong velocity contrast exists across the fault interface, fault-reflected surface waves are expected. We test this idea using a linear array deployed in the Suqian segment of Tanlu fault zone in Eastern China. The fault-reflected surface waves can be clearly seen in the cross-correlation functions of the ambient noise data, and the spatial position of the fault on the surface is close to the stations where the reflected signals first appear. Potentially reflected surface waves could also be used to infer the dip angle, fault zone thickness and the degree of velocity contrast across the fault by comparing synthetic and observed waveforms. 相似文献
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Internal structures and high-velocity frictional properties of a bedding-parallel carbonate fault at Xiaojiaqiao outcrop activated by the 2008 Wenchuan earthquake 
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下载免费PDF全文 Linfeng Hou Shengli Ma Toshihiko Shimamoto Jianye Chen Lu Yao Xiaosong Yang Yuji Okimura 《地震科学（英文版）》2012,25(3):197-217
This paper reports internal structures of a bedding-parallel fault in Permian limestone at Xiaojiaqiao outcrop that was moved by about 0.5 m during the 2008 MW7.9 Wenchuan earthquake. The fault is located about 3 km to the south from the middle part of Yingxiu-Beichuan fault, a major fault in the Longmenshan fault system that was moved during the earthquake. The outcrop is also located at Anxian transfer zone between the northern and central segments of Yingxiu-Beichuan fault where fault system is complex. Thus the fault is an example of subsidiary faults activated by Wenchuan earthquake. The fault has a strike of 243° or N63°E and a dip of 38°NW and is nearly optimally oriented for thrust motion, in contrast to high-angle coseismic faults at most places. Surface outcrop and two shallow drilling studies reveal that the fault zone is several centimeters wide at most and that the coseismic slip zone during Wenchuan earthquake is about 1 mm thick. Fault zone contains foliated cataclasite, fault breccia, black gouge and yellowish gouge. Many clasts of foliated cataclasite and black gouge contained in fault breccia indicate multiple slip events along this fault. But fossils on both sides of fault do not indicate clear age difference and overall displacement along this fault should not be large. We also report results from high-velocity friction experiments conducted on yellowish gouge from the fault zone using a rotary shear low to high-velocity frictional testing apparatus. Dry experiments at normal stresses of 0.4 to 1.8 MPa and at slip rates of 0.08 to 1.35 m/s reveal dramatic slip weakening from the peak friction coefficient of around 0.6 to very low steady-state friction coefficient of 0.1-0.2. Slip weakening parameters of this carbonate fault zone are similar to those of clayey fault gouge from Yingxiu-Beichuan fault at Hongkou outcrop and from Pingxi fault zone. Our experimental result will provide a condition for triggering movement of subsidiary faults or off-fault damage during a large earthquake. 相似文献
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通过建立较精细的川滇地区三维有限元模型,数值模拟了川滇地区主要活动断裂的强震活动对于其他活动断裂潜在强震孕育进程的库仑破裂应力加卸载效应.模拟结果显示在川滇地区主要活动断裂带的几何学展布形态和运动学性质的构造背景之上,川滇地区强震活动相互影响的主要特征是活动断裂面库仑破裂应力变化大多处于增大状态.其中,金沙江断裂带、小江断裂带、楚雄—建水断裂带、鲜水河断裂带和安宁河断裂带上的强震所产生的加载作用比较强,而丽江—小金河断裂带和腾冲—澜沧断裂带则较弱.1981~2000年川滇地区M≥6.5地震序列的模拟结果显示,后续地震全部位于已发生地震所引起的库仑破裂应力增大区之内.数值模拟结果显示,在川滇地区,一个强震发生之后,发震断层本身强烈卸载的同时,库仑破裂应力的加载效应在其他主要活动断裂带潜在强震孕育进程中占据了主导地位,强震活动之间相互作用的主要效应是应力加载,已发生的强震加速了下一个强震的孕育进程,进而导致一系列地震的发生,直至整个区域所积累的应变能处于较低水平之后,区域地震活动进入一个新的平静期. 相似文献
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We investigate the evolution of wear and friction along experimental faults composed of solid rock blocks. This evolution is analyzed through shear experiments along five rock types, and the experiments were conducted in a rotary apparatus at slip velocities of 0.002–0.97 m/s, slip distances from a few millimeters to tens of meters, and normal stress of 0.25–6.9 MPa. The wear and friction measurements and fault surface observations revealed three evolution phases: A) An initial stage (slip distances <50 mm) of wear by failure of isolated asperities associated with roughening of the fault surface; B) a running-in stage of slip distances of 1–3 m with intense wear-rate, failure of many asperities, and simultaneous reduction of the friction coefficient and wear-rate; and C) a steady-state stage that initiates when the fault surface is covered by a gouge layer, and during which both wear-rate and friction coefficient maintain quasi-constant, low levels. While these evolution stages are clearly recognizable for experimental faults made from bare rock blocks, our analysis suggests that natural faults “bypass” the first two stages and slip at gouge-controlled steady-state conditions. 相似文献
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Application of fuzzy clustering method to determining sub-fault planes of earthquake from aftershocks sequence 下载免费PDF全文
下载免费PDF全文 Earthquake rupture process generally involves several faults activities instead of a single fault. A new method using both fuzzy clustering and principal component analysis makes it possible to reconstruct three dimensional structure of involved faults in earthquake if the aftershocks around the active fault planes distribute uniformly. When seismic events are given, the optimal faults structures can be determined by our new method. Each of sub-fault planes is fully characterized by its central location, length, width, strike and dip. The resolution determines the number of fault segments needed to describe the earthquake catalog. The higher the resolution, the finer the structure of the reconstructed fault segments. The new method successfully reconstructs the fault segments using synthetic earthquake catalogs. By taking the 28 June 1992 Landers earthquake occured in southern California as an example, the reconstructed fault segments are consistent with the faults already known on geological maps or blind faults that appeared quite frequently in longer-term catalogs. 相似文献
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