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1.
《中国海洋湖沼学报》2021,(4)
Ecological purification in a reservoir is an important strategy to control the level of nutrients in water.The bacterial community of such a reservoir is the main agent for pollutant degradation,which has not been fully documented.Taking the Jinze Reservoir,a freshwater source for Shanghai,China as the case,its spatial distributions of water and sediment bacteria were determined using 16 S rRNA gene-based Illumina MiSeq sequencing,and the environmental parameters were analyzed.The reservoir takes natural river water and functions as an ecological purification system,consisting of three functional zones,i.e.,pretreatment zone,ecological purification zone,and ecological sustaining zone.Results show that the concentrations of both total nitrogen(TN) and total phosphorus(TP) decreased considerably after the ecological treatment,and the concentration of dissolved oxygen(DO) in the ecological purification zone was boosted from that before pretreatment.In addition,patterns of bacterial communities in both water and sediment were similar and consisted of mainly Proteobacteria,Actinobacteria,and Bacteroidetes.However,difference in water bacterial composition was distinct in each functional zone,whereas the bacterial communities in sediment changed only slightly among sediment samples.Network analysis revealed nonrandom co-occurrence patterns of bacterial community composition in water and sediment,and Pseudomonas,unclassified Comamonadaceae,Variovorax,and Dechloromonas were the key taxa in the co-occurrence network.The bacterial taxa from the same module of the network had strong ecological connections,participated in C-cycles,and shared common trophic properties.PICRUSt analysis showed that bacteria were involved potentially in various essential processes;and the abundance of predicted xenobiotic biodegradation genes showed a decreasing trend in water samples from the inlet to the outlet of the reservoir.These results improve our current knowledge of the spatial distribution of bacteria in water and sediment in ecological purification reservoirs. 相似文献
2.
MIAO Jia ZHAO Qingliang WANG Baozhen LI Ji ZHANG Jinsong 《中国海洋大学学报(英文版)》2006,5(4):387-392
The turbidity criterion for the product water of a WTP according to the State Project ‘863＇ on the safeguard technology of drinking water in the southern areas of China is 0.1 NTU. The turbidity removal in the activated carbon filter was analyzed in a pilot-scale test and an innovative technology to improve the turbidity removal in a biologically activated carbon （BAC） filter was put forward in order to meet the criterion. Experimental results showed that the enhanced filtration by adding polymerized aluminium chloride （PAC） into the BAC filter was quite effective in turbidity control. The effluent turbidity was kept at a stable level （mean） of 0.033 NTU with a high removal of about 80% for influent turbidity of 0.110- 0240 NTU with an addition of PAC at 0.05 mg L^-1, meeting the requirement for filtrate turbidity equal to or less than 0.1NTUC totally. In addition, the larger the PAC dosage was, the lower the effluent turbidity was. However, further improvement of turbidity removal was not obvious for PAC dosages beyond 0.10 mg L^- 1, and an optimal PAC dosage in the range of 0.05 - 0.10 mg L^- 1 was proposed. 相似文献
3.
Study on the coagulation of four species of red tide organisms(Nitzschia pungens,Skeletonema costatum,Prorocentrum minimum and Noctiluca scintillans)with montmorillonite,and the effect ofmontmorillonite pretreatment on the coagulation shows that the capability for montmorillonite to coagu-late with them is in the order:N.pungens>S.costatum>P.minimum>N.scintillans.Thecoagulation is discussed from the aspects of the structure,shape,size,movement,habit,etc.of differ-ent species and the results are explained theoretically.The experimental results also indicate that the treat-ment of montmorillonite with acid can enhance its coagulating capability.This is due to the fact that Al(OH_2)_6~(+3),exchanged from the clay lattice by hydrogen ion H~+,forms hydroxy-aluminum polymers on thesurface of the montmorillonite.The hydroxy-aluminum polymers positively charge and increase the positivecharacteristic of the clay surface,and also serves as a bridge between adjacent surfaces of particles.Thesetwo functions enhance 相似文献
4.
Based on the layer by layer(Lb L)assembly technology,the nano-scale composite membrane with excellent structure can be prepared by changing the polyelectrolyte and controlling the deposition conditions.Polyamines and phosphate ions(Pi)can be self-organized to form supramolecular systems which could be exploited to stabilize the interfacial architecture.The LbL membrane was made of the positively charged poly(allylamine hydrochloride)(PAH)self-organized with Pi and the negatively charged poly(sodium 4-styrene sulfonate)(PSS)alternatively on top of a poly(acrylonitrile)(PAN)substrate.Compared to the membrane without Pi,the membrane assembled by PAH/Pi improved forward of flux and reduced flux of salt.The concentration of PAH and PSS,deposition time,pH and number of layers showed significant influences on the performance of the membrane.In this experiment,we systematically investigated the preparation conditions and under the optimized conditions the prepared membrane exhibited high water fluxes of 13.5 L m~(-2) h~(-1) with corresponding salt to water flux,Js/Jv,ratio of 0.07 g L~(-1) tested by forward osmosis when DI water as feed solution and 2 mol L~(-1) MgCl_2 as draw solution. 相似文献
5.
Carla BOSSARD 《山地科学学报》2011,8(6):794-807
This paper reports the first photosynthetic study of marestail in Jiuzhaigou. In this work, we used PAM fluorometry to examine
photosynthetic rates of submerged and emerged marestail in three lakes. Three lakes were studied across a gradient of water
temperature, with low water temperature conditions in Grass Lake and Arrow Bamboo Lake, and higher water temperature in Five
Colored Lake. In the field, electron transport rates (ETRmax) were measured as rapid light curves (RLCs) by in situ yield measurements. Submerged and emerged marestail showed higher
photosynthetic activity in Five Colored Lake compared to the other lakes, a response consistent with the adaptation of marestail
in Five Colored Lake to high water temperature. The optimal temperature for photosynthesis of submerged marestail in Jiuzhaigou
was about 12 °C. Nonphotochemical quenching (NPQ) of submerged and emerged marestail increased with increasing water temperature.
Maximum quantum yield (F
v/F
m) of submerged marestail in Five Colored Lake showed full recovery at 1700 h due to higher NPQ. Further, the chlorophyll a for submerged marestail was the highest in Grass Lake and the lowest in Five Colored Lake. These results indicate that in
different lakes the function of these aquatic plants is associated with a diversity of place-dependent environmental conditions,
especially water temperature that leads to pronounced differences in the plant’s ecophysiological reactions. 相似文献
6.
Zheng Bingbing Pang Wenhui Zhao Yangguo Guo Liang Gao Mengchun Jin Chunji She Zonglian 《中国海洋大学学报(英文版)》2020,19(4):865-873
The wide application of antibiotics in aquaculture requires an efficient treatment of the wastewater before discharging it into the environment. During the wastewater treatment, the influence of antibiotics on the performance of bioreactor should be well revealed due to their toxicity to the functional microbial community. In this study, the effect of feeding 10-30 mg L~(-1) sulfamethoxazole(SMX) in influent on the performance of an anoxic/oxic-moving bed biofilm reactor(A/O-MBBR) treating mariculture wastewater and the responding change of biofilm microbial communities was investigated. The COD average removal rate remained at 94.61%-97.34% with the dosage of SMX. Compared with that, the nitrifying removals of NH_4~+-N and NO_2~--N were violently inhibited by 30 mg L~(-1) SMX and denitrifying removal of the NO_3~--N decreased obviously with 20 mg L~(-1) or more SMX. The microbial community in the successful startup bioreactor was relatively abundant, while the diversity of microbial community decreased with the increase of feeding SMX. The salt-tolerant and SMX-resistant genera Arcobacter, Thiothrix, Desulfuromusa and Nitrosomonas were gradually enriched and finally played a vital role in converting COD and recycling nitrogen and sulfur. Hence, the present A/O-MBBR reactor with the salt-tolerant functional microbiota achieved efficient removal of pollutants in the presence of low concentration(e.g., 10 mg L~(-1)) SMX. 相似文献
7.
运用Xen虚拟技术，提出了新的内核完整性的保护方法。新方法在Xen内核中增加引用监控模块，同时对内核整体做校验，并保存该校验值。当内核启动时，会对内核重新做校验值，看该值是否与存储的校验值匹配；当内核运行时，对某些资源的修改必须经过引用监控模块的验证。两者相结合，从而达到阻止恶意代码修改内核的目的。与传统的防御恶意代码的方法相比，传统方法只能检测出内核完整性已被破坏，不能阻止恶意代码对内核的修改。 相似文献
8.
硝态氮在河床垂向渗滤系统中环境行为的模拟实验 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
采用自行设计的室内土柱实验装置模拟硝态氮在河床中的垂向渗滤过程,以阶梯状加大浓度的硝酸钾溶液为淋滤液,研究了硝态氮在河床垂向渗滤系统中的环境行为,借以了解河床渗滤系统对硝态氮污染的净化机理。实验表明,硝态氮在河床渗滤过程中分别参与了异化还原作用及反硝化作用。在以上两种作用的影响下,河床渗滤系统对硝态氮的去除率高达100%。但是,异化还原作用却导致了地下水中氨氮浓度的上升,这是值得注意的不利因素。 相似文献
9.
《中国海洋大学学报(英文版)》2020,19(3)
This study aimed to present a novel clay/biochar composite adsorption particle, which made from abandoned reed straw and clay to remove ammonia nitrogen(NH_4~+-N) from micro-contaminated water. The removal performance of NH_4~+-N by composite adsorption particle was monitored under different raw material proportions and initial NH_4~+-N concentration. Besides, adsorption kinetics and adsorption isotherms were investigated to reveal the adsorption mechanisms. The results showed that NH_4~+-N was effectively removed under optimal proportion of biochar, foaming agent and crosslinker with 20%, 3%, and 3%, respectively. The optimal contact time was 150 min and the best removal efficiency was 88.6% at initial NH_4~+-N concentration of 20 mg L~(-1). The adsorption performance was well described by the second order kinetic model and Freundlich model. The novel clay/biochar composite adsorption particle in this study demonstrated a high potential for NH_4~+-N removal from surface water. 相似文献
10.
温度对大珠母贝滤水率的影响 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
在实验室条件下,测定不同温度下大珠母贝[Pinctada maxima(Jameson)]的滤水率。结果表明:在15℃、20℃、25℃、30℃4个温度梯度下,大珠母贝的滤水率呈逐渐上升趋势,15℃时滤水率最小,30℃时最大;大、小规格大珠母贝个体滤水率最大值分别为1.045L/h和0.838L/h,最小值分别为0.126L/h和0.102L/h;相同水温条件下,大规格组的个体滤水率大于小规格组,大规格组的单位软体部干重滤水率小于小规格组。温度和个体大小对大珠母贝的滤水率有极显著影响(P<0.01)。 相似文献
11.
Submersible fish cages can be submerged under the water to mitigate the negative effects that arise from severe sea conditions and improve the growing environment for the farmed fish. Thus they are increasingly applied in offshore aquaculture. To ensure both safety and economic efficiency of submersible fish cages, it is important to determine the optimum submergence depth. In this study, a series of physical model experiments were conducted to investigate the hydrodynamic performance of a submersible fish cage at various submergence depths(1/6, 1/4, 1/3, and 1/2 of the water depth as well as the floating condition for reference) with a model scale of 1:20. The results of the physical model experiment for the different depths were compared to analyze the effects of submergence depths on the mooring line tension and the movement of the floating collar. The results showed that the mooring line tension and the floating collar movement significantly attenuated with increasing submergence depth. However, the attenuation tendency became stable when the fish cage reached a certain depth. According to the results, 1/3 of water depth was determined as the optimal submergence depth of the fish cages. Deeper submergence depths showed no significant advantage from a perspective of the hydrodynamic characteristics of the fish cage. The determination of the optimum submergence depth is beneficial for the structural design and operation safety of submersible net cages. 相似文献
12.
针对目前基于深度学习与高分辨率遥感影像的建筑物提取研究现状,本文提出了一种综合ResNet中的ResBlock残差模块和Attention注意力机制的改进型Unet网络（Res_AttentionUnet）,并将其应用于高分辨率遥感影像建筑物提取,有效地提高了建筑物的提取精度。具体优化方法为：在传统的Unet语义分割网络卷积层中加入针对初高级特征加强提取的ResBlock残差模块,并在网络阶跃连接部分加入Attention注意力机制模块。其中,ResBlock残差模块使卷积后的特征图获取更多的底层信息,增强卷积结构的鲁棒性,从而防止欠拟合;Attention注意力机制可增强对建筑物区域像素的特征学习,使特征提取更完善,从而提高建筑物提取的准确率。本研究采用武汉大学季顺平团队提供的开放数据集（WHU Building Dataset）作为实验数据,并从中选取3个具有不同建筑物特征和代表性的实验区域,然后分别对不同实验区域进行预处理（包括滑动裁剪和图像增强等）,最后分别使用Unet、ResUnet、AttentionUnet和Res_AttentionUnet 4种不同的网络模型对3个不同实验区进行建筑物提取实验,并对实验结果进行交叉对比分析。实验结果表明,与其他3种网络相比,本文所提出的Res_AttentionUnet在基于高分辨率遥感影像的建筑物提取中具有更高的精度,平均提取精度达到95.81%,相较于原始Unet网络提升17.94%,同时相较于仅加入残差模块的Unet网络（ResUnet）提升2.19%,能够显著地提升高分辨率遥感影像中建筑物提取的效果。 相似文献
13.
Dual filtration effect of geochemical and biogeochemical processes in the Changjiang Estuary 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
Dissolved nutrients (NO
3
−
, PO4
3−, SiO3
2−) and oxygen, chlorophyll- a, pH, and Eh were measured on board during a cruise in August 1988 in the Changjiang Estuary region.
Heavy metals, organic matter and carbonate contents were analyzed in laboratory. The results show that geochemical processes
in the Changjiang Estuary have dual filtration effect: on the one hand geochemical filtration effect, reflected by ferromanganese
oxide flocculation and sedimentation, occurs near the turbidity maximum, and leads to enrichment of heavy metals in suspended
matter and sediments; on the other hand biogeochemical filtration, reflected by nutrients consumption, organic matter and
carbonate sedimentation and enrichment of trace elements in suspended matter, occurs outside the plume water front. The biogeochemical
filtration affects the environmental conditions; the dissolved oxygen and pH increase, in surface water and decrease in bottom
water. The biogeochemical filtration effect outside the plume front is more important than the geochemical filtration effect
near the turbidity maximum. 相似文献
14.
15.
《山地科学学报》2020,(2)
Evapotranspiration(ET) is a crucial part of the global hydrological cycle, and quantifying ET components is significant for understanding the global water cycle and energy balance. However, there is no consensus on the value of ET components, especially in topographic abrupt change zone, such as eastern margin of the Qinghai-Tibet Platea, where values of ET changes along the altitudinal gradients. Our aim is to explore the influencing factors in partitioning evapotranspiration and how ET components change with increasing elevations. A novel approach was proposed to estimate ET components by adding net solar radiation(Rn) instead of the vapor pressure deficit(VPD) into the underlying water use efficiency(u WUE) model based on one-year continuous measurements of flux data along the elevation gradient on Mount Gongga. Correlation analysis shows that the u WUE model's performance can be improved significantly by considering Rn instead of VPD, with correlation coefficients increasing by 35%-64%. The ratios of transpiration(T) to ET(T/ET) were 0.47, 0.48, 0.50 and 0.35 for the deciduous broadleaf forest(BF), mixed coniferous and deciduous broadleaf forest(MF), evergreen needle forest(ENF) and shrub land(SL), respectively. Leaf area index(LAI) and air temperature(Ta) were the two main controlling factors in determining T/ET during the growing season and at an annual scale, while Rn and Ta played more important roles during the dormant season. This study highlights the importance of incorporating Rn in partitioning evapotranspiration by using the water use efficiency(WUE) method in a humid mountainous region, which can improve the estimation of T/ET on a global scale. 相似文献
16.
城市暴雨内涝模拟模型优化与精度验证 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
本文采用“Vegetation-Impervious Surface-Soil”模型和线性光谱混合分解方法,获取像元中不透水面、植被、土壤覆盖信息,用于计算SCS模型产流参数综合CN（Curve Number）值;基于土地利用类型,采用经验值与数值实验逐步求精相结合的方法,确定水动力汇流模型参数曼宁系数,并用实测积水数据验证两次参数修正的模拟效果。以上海中心城区为例进行验证,研究结果表明：①将采用V-I-S模型得到的不透水面、植被、土壤信息设定CN值,能够降低积水分布的极值化现象,提高SCS产流模型产流量和产流分布精度;②采用经验法和数值模拟逐步求精法,按土地利用类型设定曼宁系数,使各时段最大积水深度高于原模型,说明曼宁系数是汇流模型的敏感参数。 相似文献
17.
A dynamic experiment for oil dispersion into a water column was performed with a 21 m long, 0.5 m wide, and 1 m high wind-driven wave tank. At wind velocity between 6-12 m/s and with the oil slide kept constant (about 1 um), the rate of the oil content increase in the water column could be approximated from the difference between the dispersion rate (R) of the oil slick and the coagulation rate (R') of the dispersed oil slick. Assuming the coagulation rate is directly proportional to the concentration of the water dispersed oil slick (i. e. R' =KC),, the integral form of the dynamic model can be expressed as C=R*[1-exp(-K*t)]/K and parameters R and K can be regressed with a computer. The relative deviation of model results from the experimental data was mainly less than 10%. The oil slick dispersion rate (R) had exponential relationship with the wind velocity (V), and can be fitted with a formula R=A*(U+1)B.The fitted constant of the coagulation rate, K(0.8-3.0* 10-3 min-1) did not have significant rela 相似文献
18.
Interactions between surface water and groundwater are dynamic and complex in large endorheic river watersheds in Northwest China due to the influence of both irrigation practices and the local terrain. These interactions interchange numerous times throughout the middle reaches, making streamflow simulation a challenge in endorheic river watersheds. In this study, we modified the linear-reservoir groundwater module in SWAT (Soil and Water Assessment Tools, a widely used hydrological model) with a new nonlinear relationship to better represent groundwater processes; we then applied the original SWAT and modified SWAT to the Heihe River Watershed, the second largest endorheic river watershed in Northwest China, to simulate streamflow. After calibrating both the original SWAT model and the modified SWAT model, we analyzed model performance during two periods: an irrigation period and a non-irrigation period. Our results show that the modified SWAT model with the nonlinear groundwater module performed significantly better during both the irrigation and non-irrigation periods. Moreover, after comparing different runoff components simulated by the two models, the results show that, after the implementation of the new nonlinear groundwater module in SWAT, proportions of runoff components changed-and the groundwater flow had significantly increased, dominating the discharge season. Therefore, SWAT coupled with the non-linear groundwater module represents the complex hydrological process in the study area more realistically. Moreover, the results for various runoff components simulated by the modified SWAT models can be used to describe the hydrological characteristics of lowland areas. This indicates that the modified SWAT model is applicable to simulate complex hydrological process of arid endorheic rivers. 相似文献
19.
mooUonONEutrophicationhasdri,andwillperhapsbethemostwidespreadtypeofenviron-rnentalpollutionofwaterbodis.MostUrbanorsuburbanshallowwaterbodishaveex-perientaladetalrnan-causedeutrophhationinevitablyresultinginovergroWthofphytoplanktonandotherdramaticlakeeresySteInchangessuchasthedeCineofmacrophytes.TheensuingdeteriorationofwaterqualitycaedseriousenvirorunentalanderenoAncprobbo,bousemostoftheselakes,asidefrombeingwatefbodiesforlargescalecoInmendalfisheryusuallysupplywaterforindustryandagrict… 相似文献
20.
To reduce the requirement for lifting capacity and decrease the hoist cable force during the descending and laying process of a subsea production system (SPS), a buoyancy module auxiliary installation technology was proposed by loading buoyancy modules on the SPS to reduce the lifting weight. Two models are established, namely, the SPS lowering-down model and the buoyancy module floating-up model. The main study results are the following: 1) When the buoyancy module enters the water under wave condition, the amplitude of tension fluctuation is twice that when SPS enters water; 2) Under current condition, the displacement of SPS becomes three times larger because of the existence of the buoyancy module; 3) After being released, the velocity of the buoyancy module increases to a large speed rapidly and then reaches a balancing speed gradually. The buoyancy module floats up at a balancing speed and rushes out from the water at a pop-up distance; 4) In deep water, the floating-up velocity of the buoyancy module is related to its mass density and shape, and it is not related to water depth; 5) A drag parachute can reduce floating-up velocity and pop-up distance effectively. Good agreement was found between the simulation and experiment results. 相似文献