共查询到20条相似文献，搜索用时 875 毫秒
1.
基于大震和特大震下倒塌率目标的抗震分析与设计是结构抗震领域的主要发展方向,而大震及特大震作用下结构抗整体性倒塌能力的准确评估是其中的关键科学问题。首先对国内外结构抗整体性倒塌能力的研究工作进行了总结,重点介绍了多种微观和宏观本构模型特性及大震作用下考虑结构构件退化特性对抗整体性倒塌能力的影响。在此基础上,详细阐述了通过增量动力分析获得结构抗倒塌能力易损性曲线及确定结构抗倒塌能力极限状态的方法。最后以一个RC单层单跨平面框架结构分析模型为例,利用OpenSees分析软件,研究了钢筋后期强度退化对结构抗整体性倒塌能力评估结果的影响,结果表明不考虑钢筋后期强度退化会明显高估结构的抗倒塌能力。 相似文献
2.
多层钢筋混凝土(RC)框架结构广泛用于学校、医院和办公建筑中,近年发生的多次破坏性地震中,大量RC框架结构发生粉碎性倒塌,造成大量人员伤亡。而位于同一场地的一般多层砖混结构反而不倒塌。这显示出工程界对RC框架倒塌机理的认识尚不深刻,抗震设计的结果与期望值还有很大差距。本文选取汶川地震中位于极震区的两栋典型结构作为研究对象,代表一般学校多层RC框架的漩口中学教学楼发生倒塌,而北川盐务局职工宿舍楼结构则由于底层框架柱增设适量翼墙而未倒。本文通过地震模拟振动台试验对两者的抗震性能进行了深入研究,剖析前者的倒塌机理,探讨翼墙-框架结构体系的地震响应特点。主要结果有:(1)依据国内外多次地震震害资料,总结了多层RC框架结构震害特点,重点对汶川地震极震区的两个具体结构的构造特点和实际震害进行描述。(2)通过振动台试验,研究了漩口中学结构模型地震响应规律、宏观破坏模式。依据各关键测点的实测数据和倒塌过程,分析了触发倒塌的主要原因。指出局部设置的半高填充墙显著增大了刚度,降低了延性,是倒塌的关键因素。(3)因框架柱增设适量翼墙,北川盐务局职工宿舍历经强震而不倒。对翼墙框架结构体系的概念和抗震机制进行介绍,基于翼墙框架结构和纯框架结构的pushover分析,对比研究了其抗震性能、损伤和屈服模式。(4)为研究翼墙加固RC框架体系在强烈地震作用下的抗震性能和加固效果,完成了一个缩尺比为1:4的翼墙-框架结构模型振动台试验,定量分析了结构在设防小震、中震、大震以及更高强度地震动作用下的受力特征、动力反应和损伤机制。并对试验模型与未加翼墙的纯框架数值模型进行了动力有限元分析,对比得到二者抗震性能的差异。通过以上研究证明,通过翼墙加固多层RC框架结构可以大幅提高多层RC框架的抗震性能,且经济实用、布置方便,可作为抗倒塌措施应用推广。 相似文献
3.
在地震作用下钢筋混凝土建筑结构出现破坏倒塌为地震灾害中的关键,有效评估建筑结构抗地震破坏倒塌能力是建筑结构设计的前提,也是当前建筑结构提高抗震性能与加固的依据。提出变形指标极值、失效判断标准以及钢筋混凝土建筑结构倒塌极限状态判断标准,据此获取倒塌储备系数、倒塌易损性、结构整体超强系数、结构整体延性系数等评估标准。采用Pushover分析法选择相应地震波。依据梁柱线刚比对建筑结构抗倒塌能力的影响,以及柱端弯矩增加系数对建筑结构抗地震破坏倒塌能力的影响,对建筑结构易损性进行分析。结果表明:等跨建筑结构抗地震破坏倒塌能力更强;建筑结构底层是薄弱层,COF值越高,结构越容易倒塌。 相似文献
4.
《地震研究》2021,44(4)
基于Perform-3D软件,采用碳纤维加固和粘钢加固方法对震损后的混凝土框架进行加固。分别以3、6、9层RC框架结构为研究对象,采用基于增量动力分析(IDA)的地震易损性分析方法,对震损RC框架结构的地震易损性进行研究并分析其加固效果。结果表明:(1)随着高度和PGA的增加,3、6、9层震损后的碳纤维和粘钢加固结构IDA曲线簇的整体收敛性均较好;(2)总体上粘钢加固可以提高结构对地震动随机性的收敛性,但随着结构高度的增加,对于地震动随机收敛性的增益效果逐渐减弱,该加固方法对3层高度的震损低层框架结构加固效果明显;(3)碳纤维加固对于结构层间位移角的控制能力较粘钢加固更强,对于6层高度的震损中层框架结构,可以更大程度地提高其对罕遇地震的抵抗能力;(4)对适用于9层高度的震损高层框架结构,可根据实际情况选择两种加固方法中的任何一种,均可以取得较好的加固效果。 相似文献
5.
为了提高钢筋混凝土建筑结构的抗震性能,分析多维地震作用下钢筋混凝土建筑结构的抗连续倒塌能力,结合钢筋混凝土建筑结构特性、节点构造特点以及其在多维地震作用下的破坏机理,采用离散单元法建立结构连续倒塌的理论模型,对建筑结构连续倒塌过程进行数值模拟。基于数值模拟化结果,通过备用荷载路径法,实现建筑结构的抗连续倒塌分析。仿真实验结果得出,所提方法能实现对建筑结构抗连续倒塌的准确分析,且在多维地震作用下建筑结构扭转的幅度明显变大,结构顶层位移发散状态显著,不同楼层会产生不同的层间位移以及薄弱部位,建筑结构的抗连续倒塌性能随着失效构件位置的提升而增强。 相似文献
6.
钢筋混凝土(RC)剪力墙是我国工程结构中的重要抗震抗倒塌构件,其抗倒塌性能是研究结构抗震抗倒塌性能的关键。以一足尺RC剪力墙试件作为研究对象,对其进行了拟静力倒塌试验,基于损伤特征,提出了适用于该类构件的组合建模模拟方法。结果表明：剪力墙试件的破坏模式为弯曲破坏,当试件位移角达到1/39时,试件底部有5根纵筋和1根箍筋发生断裂,底部混凝土被压溃,试件水平承载力下降至峰值承载力的12.5%,构件发生倒塌;基于组合建模方法,对该试件进行模拟,该方法可以较好地模拟试件的受力特征、变形能力和滞回行为,数值模拟所得的屈服、峰值和极限承载力与试验结果的相对误差不超过2.71%。 相似文献
7.
钢筋混凝土结构震后损伤鉴定中,最常见的方式是鉴定者观察房屋破坏现象,根据经验给出震损等级。该方法直观高效,但对鉴定者的专业经验要求较高,且鉴定结果的主观差异较大。对此以RC框架柱为对象,开展了基于震损现象的震损量化鉴定方法研究:在RC框架柱震损现象量化试验基础上给出基于构件骨架曲线特征阶段的震损分级方法;对7个RC框架柱试件进行了改进Park-Ang损伤指数分析,建立了RC框架柱损伤指数-震损分级-震损现象的对应关系;基于RC框架柱的试验结果及典型震害编制了RC框架柱震损图集,并给出了使用图集进行框架柱震损鉴定的流程及方法。使用该方法对2个实际震害中的RC框架柱进行了震损鉴定,可为更加客观以及准确地开展钢筋混凝土结构的震损鉴定提供参考。 相似文献
8.
地震发生后,震损结构能否承受强余震是震害调查与灾后重建中的重要问题。因此,准确评估主余震造成的结构损伤以及评估主震后震损结构的剩余倒塌能力至关重要。采用基于能量的地震损伤指标对结构损伤进行评估,以能量谱作为工程需求参数,再通过引入震损结构模型对结构在主余震作用下的累积损伤进行评估,建立主余震作用下结构整体损伤评估理论框架。然后,基于IV损伤指数对主余震下的结构损伤进行量化,得到震损结构的倒塌能力曲线,并确定结构剩余承受强余震的能力。以6层3跨钢筋混凝土(reinforced concrete, RC)框架结构为例进行分析,结果表明：地震能量损伤指标法物理意义明确,可以从能量角度快速评价主余震下结构损伤;震损结构的剩余倒塌能力随着主震强度增加而逐渐降低;对于案例结构而言,主震下结构损伤小于0.32时可以认为震损结构是安全的可以承受强余震,介于0.32～0.52之间时,需要对震损结构加固修复,以保障余震安全。 相似文献
9.
基于倒塌率的结构倒塌易损性分析是目前评价结构抗倒塌能力最合理的方法.但是,目前基于增量动力分析(IDA)的倒塌率分析方法,工作量和实施难度大,很难直接用于工程设计,因此有必要研究便于工程应用的新方法.本文基于18个典型多层RC框架结构的IDA倒塌率分析和静力推覆分析,发现RC框架在大震下的倒塌率及抗倒塌安全储备(CMR)与静力推覆得到的结构位移安全储备之间存在较好的相关关系.依据此关系,建议了保证大震倒塌率的推覆位移安全储备,并通过9个RC框架结构算例进行了验证.本文方法简单易行,可供规则多层RC框架结构抗倒塌设计参考. 相似文献
10.
《世界地震工程》2015,(4)
高强钢绞线-聚合物砂浆(HPFL)-粘钢加固法能够有效改善既有结构性能,提高结构的承载力能力。结合框架抗倒塌性能试验结果,在验证了ABAQUS有限元模拟的准确性和可靠性的基础上,建立了HPFL-粘钢加固RC空间框架梁的实体有限元模型,研究了该加固方法对结构抗连续倒塌性能影响,并系统的分析了钢绞线直径、钢片强度及聚合物砂浆强度等参数对加固后框架抗倒塌性能的影响。研究表明:加固后的框架模型抗倒塌能力显著增强。同时,由于钢绞线穿过梁柱节点,有较强的锚固作用,明显影响倒塌指标和加固效果;钢片延迟了裂缝的出现和发展,在梁机制阶段起到的作用最大;聚合物砂浆增强钢绞线与原结构的粘结和传力作用。 相似文献
11.
提出了一种既有钢筋混凝土框架结构的抗震加固方法,该法采用防屈曲支撑提高框架结构体系的水平承载力和耗能能力,利用外包钢进一步提高柱子的抗弯和抗剪承载力。采用开源有限元程序OpenSees,分别建立空钢筋混凝土框架和防屈曲支撑加固钢筋混凝土框架的分析模型,对2榀钢筋混凝土框架的抗震性能进行模拟。防屈曲支撑采用了弹塑性桁架单元模型,加固框架柱混凝土考虑了外包钢的约束作用。将分析结果与拟静力试验结果进行比较,以检验分析模型的准确性,以及研究防屈曲支撑和外包钢对混凝土框架抗震性能的影响。分析结果表明,数值模拟与试验结果吻合较好,验证了基于OpenSees建立的数值模型的准确性;外包钢有效改善了框架柱的抗弯承载力和变形能力;防屈曲支撑显著提高了加固框架体系的水平刚度、水平承载力和耗能能力。 相似文献
12.
Masonry buildings are primarily constructed out of bricks and mortar which become discrete pieces and cannot sustain horizontal forces created by a strong earthquake.The collapse of masonry walls may cause significant human casualties and economic losses.To maintain their integrity,several methods have been developed to retrofit existing masonry buildings,such as the constructional RC frame which has been extensively used in China.In this study,a new method using precast steel reinforced concrete(PSRC)panels is developed.To demonstrate its effectiveness,numerical studies are conducted to investigate and compare the collapse behavior of a structure without retrofitting,retrofitted with a constructional RC frame,and retrofitted with external PSRC walls(PSRCW).Sophisticated finite element models(FEM)were developed and nonlinear time history analyses were carried out.The results show that the existing masonry building is severely damaged under occasional earthquakes,and totally collapsed under rare earthquakes.Both retrofitting techniques improve the seismic performance of existing masonry buildings.However,it is found that several occasional earthquakes caused collapse or partial collapse of the building retrofitted with the constructional RC frame,while the one retrofitted by the proposed PSRC wall system survives even under rare earthquakes.The effectiveness of the proposed retrofitting method on existing masonry buildings is thus fully demonstrated. 相似文献
13.
M. Fakharifar M. K. Sharbatdar Z. Lin A. Dalvand A. Sivandi-Pour G. Chen 《地震工程与工程振动(英文版)》2014,13(1):59-73
This paper presents a new FRP retrofi tting scheme to strengthen local beam-column joints in reinforced concrete(RC) frames.The new retrofi tting scheme was proposed following a preliminary study of four different existing retrofi tting schemes.A numerical simulation was conducted to evaluate the effectiveness of FRP-strengthened reinforced concrete frames by bridging behavior of local joints to the whole structure.Local confi nement effects due to varying retrofi tting schemes in the joints were simulated in the frame model.The seismic behavior factor was used to evaluate the seismic performance of the strengthened RC frames.The results demonstrated that the new proposed retrofi tting scheme was robust and promising,and fi nite element analysis appropriately captured the strength and global ductility of the frame due to upgrading of the local joints. 相似文献
14.
This study presents a nonlinear modelling technique for reinforced concrete (RC) frames retrofitted with metallic yielding devices to predict the seismic response using a computer software OpenSees. The numerical model considers the axial–flexure interaction, shear force–displacement response and the bond-slip characteristics of the frame members. The predicted hysteretic response has been compared with the results of slow-cyclic testing. The validated numerical model is then used to predict the seismic response of a five-story RC frame with soft-story. Nonlinear cyclic pushover and dynamic analyses are conducted to investigate the effectiveness of the proposed retrofitting scheme in enhancing the lateral strength and energy dissipation potential and in controlling the premature failure of the study frame. Analysis results showed significant improvement in the seismic response of RC frames with soft-story using the proposed retrofitting technique. 相似文献
15.
基于OpenSees的CFRP加固RC短柱抗震性能数值模拟 总被引：3，自引：1，他引：2
采用地震工程开源模拟软件OpenSees对CFRP加固RC短柱进行了静力Push over分析和低周往复加载分析,并与通用有限元软件ANSYS模拟结果进行对比研究.研究结果表明:利用CFRP进行加固,不仅阻止了RC短柱的脆性剪切破坏,而且使破坏模式转化为延性弯曲破坏,增强了结构延性,进而有效地提高其抗震性能;同ANSYS相比,OpenSees可以宏观的反映CFRP与混凝土共同作用的非线性力学特征,有效地对构件和结构进行加固后的承载力及抗震性能分析. 相似文献
16.
为研究碳纤维布加固严重破坏砌体墙的有效性,开展了4片严重破坏墙体的碳纤维布加固试验,研究了试件在低周反复荷载作用下的试验性能,考查了其破坏形态和破坏特征,对比分析了墙体的承载力、延性和耗能能力等性能。研究表明:采用粘贴碳纤维布加固严重破坏墙体的方法是可行且有效的;加固后墙体的抗剪承载力、变形性能都较原墙墙体有明显提高;碳纤维布布置方法不同,对墙体的约束效果不同;碳纤维布破坏时其应变远小于其极限抗拉应变,建议碳纤维布加固严重破坏墙体时无须使用高强度的碳纤维布。 相似文献
17.
Large number of vulnerable reinforced concrete (RC) buildings exists in earthquake prone areas. These low cost residential
and/or commercial buildings, which are three to seven-stories high, usually do not receive essential engineering services
during the construction phase. Finding cheap, easily applicable and occupant friendly retrofitting techniques are extremely
important to reduce the seismic risk of these buildings. As an attempt to this, a particular type of high strength clay brick
is studied to evaluate its potential for the structural retrofitting. A set of experiment was conducted to assess the important
mechanical characteristics of the infill walls made from these bricks. Also the performance of two RC frames retrofitted with
these walls, having different connection details between the wall and RC members was examined experimentally. The analytical
nonlinear static analyses of these specimens have been performed using SeismoStruct to achieve some model parameters for representing
the “infill wall model” in the program. Adaptive pushover and nonlinear time history analyses were conducted to investigate
the performance of a six storey representative RC frame retrofitted with these walls. Evaluation of the results obtained in
these analyses prove that this retrofitting technique introduces important strength and stiffness increments to the structure,
regarding its seismic demands, which are similar to the results obtained from the experiments. 相似文献
18.
Thousands of buildings were damaged by the devastating Chi‐Chi earthquake on September 21, 1999. Of all the public buildings, school buildings are the most vulnerable to earthquake damage, and the retrofitting of existing school buildings becomes a stringent issue. In addition to cost effectiveness, the impact of retrofitting methods on the functions of the school buildings needs to be considered. This paper therefore proposes the retrofitting of school buildings by adding sandwich columns onto partition brick walls. The sandwich column is divided into two parts and is added to the two sides of the partition brick wall held with pairs of U‐shaped bars. The retrofit does not require the removal of windows or doors in the longitudinal direction making the proposed method cost effective and minimizes the impact on the function of the school buildings. Five full‐scale specimens without and with retrofitting were designed and fabricated for testing based on the partition brick wall frames of the existing school buildings. The specimens were subjected to cyclic loading in the out‐of‐plane direction through a loading frame so that the columns deformed with double curvatures. The experimental results verified the feasibility of the proposed retrofit method. The data showed that the lateral strength of the retrofitted specimen doubled that which was not and that the residual strength of the retrofitted specimen was just as high as the ultimate strength of the specimen without retrofitting. The analytical results in lateral strength yielded conservative figures compared with experimental measurements. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
19.
Seismic retrofit of reinforced concrete frames using buckling‐restrained braces with bearing block load transfer mechanism 
下载免费PDF全文
下载免费PDF全文 Kuan‐Yu Pan An‐Chien Wu Keh‐Chyuan Tsai Chao‐Hsien Li Hsen‐Han Khoo 《地震工程与结构动力学》2016,45(14):2303-2326
A new method of retrofitting reinforced concrete (RC) frames with buckling‐restrained braces (BRBs) to improve frame strength, stiffness and energy dissipation is proposed. Instead of typical post‐installed anchors, load is transferred between the BRB and RC frame through compression bearing between an installed steel frame connected to the BRB, and high‐strength mortar blocks constructed at the four corners of the RC frame. This avoids complex on‐site anchor installation, and does not limit the allowable brace force by the anchor strength. Cyclic displacements of increasing amplitudes were imposed on two RC frame specimens retrofitted with different BRB strength capacities. In one of the frames, the bearing blocks were reinforced with wire mesh to mitigate cracking. A third RC frame was also tested as a benchmark to evaluate the retrofit strength and stiffness enhancements. Test results indicate that the proposed method efficiently transferred loads between the BRBs and RC frames, increasing the frame lateral strength while achieving good ductility and energy‐dissipating capacity. When the bearing block was reinforced with wire mesh, the maximum frame lateral strength and stiffness were more than 2.2 and 3.5 times the RC frame without the BRB respectively. The BRB imposes additional shear demands through the bearing blocks to both ends of the RC beam and column member discontinuity regions (D‐regions). The softened strut‐and‐tie model satisfactorily estimated the shear capacities of the D‐regions. A simplified calculation and a detailed PISA3D analysis were shown to effectively predict member demands to within 13.8% difference of the measured test results. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
20.
Collapse resistance of high‐rise buildings has become a research focus because of the frequent occurrence of strong earthquakes and terrorist attacks in recent years. Research development has demonstrated that numerical simulation is becoming one of the most powerful tools for collapse analysis in addition to the conventional laboratory model tests and post‐earthquake investigations. In this paper, a finite element method based numerical model encompassing fiber‐beam element model, multilayer shell model, and elemental deactivation technique is proposed to predict the collapse process of high‐rise buildings subjected to extreme earthquake. The potential collapse processes are simulated for a simple 10‐story RC frame and two existing RC high‐rise buildings of 18‐story and 20‐story frame–core tube systems. The influences of different failure criteria used are discussed in some detail. The analysis results indicate that the proposed numerical model is capable of simulating the collapse process of existing high‐rise buildings by identifying potentially weak components of the structure that may induce collapse. The study outcome will be beneficial to aid further development of optimal design philosophy. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献