共查询到20条相似文献，搜索用时 841 毫秒
1.
Guillaume Attard Thierry Winiarski Yvan Rossier Laurent Eisenlohr 《Hydrogeology Journal》2016,24(1):5-19
Property economics favours the vertical development of cities but flow of groundwater can be affected by the use of underground space in them. This review article presents the state of the art regarding the impact of disturbances caused by underground structures (tunnels, basements of buildings, deep foundations, etc.) on the groundwater flow in urban aquifers. The structures built in the underground levels of urban areas are presented and organised in terms of their impact on flow: obstacle to the flow or disturbance of the groundwater budget of the flow system. These two types of disturbance are described in relation to the structure area and the urban area. The work reviewed shows, on one hand, the individual impacts of different urban underground structures, and on the other, their cumulative impacts on flow, using real case studies. Lastly, the works are placed in perspective regarding the integration of underground structures with the aim of operational management of an urban aquifer. The literature presents deterministic numerical modelling as a tool capable of contributing to this aim, in that it helps to quantify the effect of an underground infrastructure project on groundwater flow, which is crucial for decision-making processes. It can also be an operational decision-aid tool for choosing construction techniques or for formulating strategies to manage the water resource. 相似文献
2.
Groundwater flow and the associated surface water flow are potential negative factors on underground tunnels. Early detection of environmental impacts on water resources is of significant importance to planning, design and construction of tunnel projects, as early detection can minimize accidents and project delays during construction. The groundwater modeling software package Groundwater Modeling System (GMS), which supports the groundwater numerical codes MODFLOW and FEMWATER, was utilized to determine the impact of tunneling excavation on the hydrogeological environment in a regional area around the tunnel and a local hot springs area, at the “Tseng-Wen Reservoir Transbasin Diversion Project”, in Taiwan. A hydrogeological conceptual model was first developed to simplify structures related to the site topography, geology and geological structure. The MODFLOW code was then applied to simulate groundwater flow pattern for the hydrogeological conceptual model in the tunnel area. The automated parameter estimation method was applied to calibrate groundwater level fluctuation and hydrogeological parameters in the region. Calibration of the model demonstrated that errors between simulated and monitored results are smaller than allowable errors. The study also observed that tunneling excavation caused groundwater to flow toward the tunnel. No obvious changes in the groundwater flow field due to tunnel construction were observed far away in the surrounding regions. Furthermore, the FEMWATER code for solving 3-D groundwater flow problems, in which hydrogeological characteristics are integrated into a geographic information system (GIS), is applied to evaluate the impact of tunnel construction on an adjacent hot spring. Simulation results indicated that the groundwater drawdown rate is less than the groundwater recharge rate, and the change to the groundwater table after tunnel construction was insignificant for the hot spring area. Finally, the groundwater flow obtained via the GMS indicated that the hydrogeological conceptual model can estimate the possible quantity of tunnel inflow and the impact of tunnel construction on the regional and local groundwater resources regime of the transbasin diversion project. 相似文献
3.
Andres Marandi Enn Karro Maile Polikarpus Argo Jõeleht Marko Kohv Tiit Hang Helen Hiiemaa 《Hydrogeology Journal》2013,21(7):1581-1591
The water balance of wetlands plays an integral role in their function. Developments adjacent to wetlands can affect their water balance through impacts on groundwater flow and increased discharge in the area, and they can cause lowering of the wetland water table. A 430 km2 area was selected for groundwater modelling to asses the effect of underground mining on the water balance of wetlands in north-eastern Estonia. A nature conservation area (encompassing Selisoo bog) is within 3 km of an underground oil-shale mine. Two future mining scenarios with different areal extents of mining were modeled and compared to the present situation. Results show that the vertical hydraulic conductivity of the subsurface is of critical importance to potential wetland dewatering as a result of mining. Significant impact on the Selisoo bog water balance will be caused by the approaching mine but there will be only minor additional impacts from mining directly below the bog. The major impact will arise before that stage, when the underground mine extension reaches the border of the nature conservation area; since the restriction of activities in this area relates to the ground surface, the conservation area’s border is not sufficiently protective in relation to underground development. 相似文献
4.
Groundwater flow in the Leon-Chinandega aquifer was simulated using transient and steady-state numerical models. This unconfined aquifer is located in an agricultural plain in northwest Nicaragua. Previous studies were restricted to determining groundwater availability for irrigation, overlooking the impacts of groundwater development. A sub-basin was selected to study the groundwater flow system and the effects of groundwater development using a numerical groundwater flow model (Visual MODFLOW). Hydrological parameters obtained from pumping tests were related to each hydrostratigraphic unit to assign the distribution of parameter values within each model layer. River discharge measurements were crucial for constraining recharge estimates and reducing the non-uniqueness of the model calibration. Steady-state models have limited usefulness because of the major variation of recharge and agricultural pumping during the wet and dry seasons. Model results indicate that pumping induces a decrease in base flow, depleting river discharge. This becomes critical during dry periods, when irrigation is highest. Transient modeling indicates that the response time of the aquifer is about one hydrologic year, which allows the development of management strategies within short time horizons. Considering further development of irrigated agriculture in the area, the numerical model can be a powerful tool for water resources management. 相似文献
5.
新构造运动背景下,干、支流对地壳抬升反应速率的差异,导致具有不同排泄作用的河谷广泛组合,形成多级地下水流动系统,地下水作为岩溶含水系统发育的主要控制因素,多级水流系统的空间耦合影响岩溶发育分布规律。文章首先根据中梁山背斜南段岩溶槽谷横向沟谷的发育特征,将岩溶槽谷划分为渗流区、分流区、外流区;结合横向沟谷控排作用与地形指数,分析多级水流系统耦合的空间分异特征。其次通过隧道建设背景下地表水漏失、隧道涌水情况及隧道施工揭露岩溶现象验证在多级水流系统耦合效应下深部岩溶发育特征。结果表明:渗流区以区域水流系统为主,隧道涌水量巨大,水流通道连通性良好,地表水基本干涸,深部岩溶发育强烈;分流区除了近河谷地带以局部水流系统为主、深部岩溶发育较弱以外,宽缓分水岭地带的地下水流动仍然以区域性流动为主,深部岩溶较发育,隧道涌水量较大,地表水与深部岩溶地下水水力联系较好,隧道建设对地表水影响严重;外流区以局部浅循环为主,深部岩溶发育程度弱,深部岩溶水与地表水水力联系较弱,地表水漏失程度一般。本研究不但拓宽了托特多级水流系统的应用领域,为岩溶发育理论研究提供了新的角度,同时为深埋岩溶隧道建设的危险性评价及引发的环境负效应研究提供理论指导。 相似文献
6.
7.
In the northwestern area of Basel, Switzerland, a tunnel highway connects the French highway A35 (Mulhouse–Basel) with the Swiss A2 (Basel–Gotthard–Milano). The subsurface highway construction was associated with significant impacts on the urban groundwater system. Parts of this area were formerly contaminated by industrial wastes, and groundwater resources are extensively used by industry. During some construction phases, considerable groundwater drawdown was necessary, leading to major changes in the groundwater flow regime. Sufficient groundwater supply for industrial users and possible groundwater pollution due to interactions with contaminated areas had to be taken into account. A groundwater management system is presented, comprising extensive groundwater monitoring, high-resolution numerical groundwater modeling, and the development and evaluation of different scenarios. This integrated approach facilitated the evaluation of the sum of impacts, and their interaction in time and space with changing hydrological boundary conditions. For all project phases, changes of the groundwater system had to be evaluated in terms of the various goals and requirements. Although the results of this study are case-specific, the overall conceptual approach and methodologies applied may be directly transferred to other urban areas. 相似文献
8.
Guillaume Attard Yvan Rossier Thierry Winiarski Loann Cuvillier Laurent Eisenlohr 《Hydrogeology Journal》2016,24(5):1213-1229
Underground structures have been shown to have a great influence on subsoil resources in urban aquifers. A methodology to assess the actual and the potential state of the groundwater flow in an urban area is proposed. The study develops a three-dimensional modeling approach to understand the cumulative impacts of underground infrastructures on urban groundwater flow, using a case in the city of Lyon (France). All known underground structures were integrated in the numerical model. Several simulations were run: the actual state of groundwater flow, the potential state of groundwater flow (without underground structures), an intermediate state (without impervious structures), and a transient simulation of the actual state of groundwater flow. The results show that underground structures fragment groundwater flow systems leading to a modification of the aquifer regime. For the case studied, the flow systems are shown to be stable over time with a transient simulation. Structures with drainage systems are shown to have a major impact on flow systems. The barrier effect of impervious structures was negligible because of the small hydraulic gradient of the area. The study demonstrates that the definition of a potential urban groundwater flow and the depiction of urban flow systems, which involves understanding the impact of underground structures, are important issues with respect to urban underground planning. 相似文献
9.
在大量建设城市地下轨道交通及城市更新工程的背景之下,我国城市岩溶地质灾害日趋严重。文章以深圳市3个岩溶地面塌陷事件为例,开展岩溶地下工程地质环境影响区的划定研究。首先运用高频岩溶地下水气压力监测技术对工程影响实际范围进行监测分析,然后结合工程施工参数、岩溶塌陷主要影响因素与水文地质试验参数,采用定性分析和量化计算的综合研究方法,推导出岩溶地下工程地质环境影响范围理论计算经验公式。结果表明:岩溶地下工程影响范围主要与渗透系数、工程深度成正比,与土层厚度成反比,推导的半定量理论公式适用于岩溶承压水条件下,可快速为缺乏地下水监测资料的岩溶地区地下工程安全建设及城市防灾减灾工作提供依据。 相似文献
10.
抗浮设防水位直接影响到地下结构的安全与建设费用,在地下结构建设中至关重要,因此,科学合理地确定地下结构的抗浮设防水位具有巨大的社会意义和经济价值。本文以“雄安新区至北京大大兴国际机场快线地下工程段”为研究对象,系统分析了研究区水文地质条件以及地下水位年内年际动态变化规律,利用数值模拟法和类比预测法确定了地下结构抗浮设防水位标高建议值。结果表明,该场地区域浅层地下水水位埋深一般为5.0～20.0m,地下水水位标高一般为–10.0～1.0m。近五年场地浅层地下水水位标高一般为–5～–10 m,埋深一般为3.0～15.0 m,地下水位逐年升高,回升速率约1.0 m/a。地下结构抗浮设防水位标高取值建议取使用期抗浮设防水位采用数值模拟法预测结果。该成果服务了“雄安新区至北京大兴国际机场快线(R1线)”项目场地抗浮设计,为雄安新区重大工程建设项目的抗浮安全设计提供了示范。 相似文献
11.
Large amounts of groundwater are discharged during underground mining operations. As a result, the drawdown of groundwater, known as aquifer dewatering, is common in mining areas. Because of variability in permeability between different media in mines, mine drainage occurs primarily as non-continuous flow. However, calculations of mine water yield are usually made based on the continuous flow theory, and therefore often produce erroneous results. This study predicts the water yield of a mine using the module MODFLOW and incorporating the non-continuous flow theory into the calculation. Using this method, the predicted water yield of a mine was approximately 50 % lower than that predicted using the continuous flow theory. The model also demonstrates that the rate of mine drainage varies over time; there is initially a decrease in the rate of drainage which gradually approaches a constant value. Double level flow occurs when there is non-continuous flow in continuous media, which can effectively minimize the influence of mine drainage on upper aquifers and relieve the conflict between groundwater supply and drainage in the mining area. 相似文献
12.
长江漫滩地区第四系是一个巨厚的复杂含水体,地下水丰富,对深大基坑施工影响极大。南京梅子洲过江通道连接线及青奥轴线地下交通系统工程位于长江下游漫滩,基坑最大开挖深度为27.5 m。为满足基坑降水设计及施工要求,勘察时选择有代表性的地段布置了3组抽水试验井,对潜水含水层及承压水含水层进行抽水试验,根据试验井类型和边界条件,选用潜水完整井稳定流、承压水完整井稳定流及非稳定流、承压水非完整井稳定流及非稳定流等多种地下水计算模型进行参数计算并综合分析,为设计提供水文地质参数,并实地验证了参数的合理性。 相似文献
13.
The average temperature of Thailand is projected to increase by 2-3 °C, and the annual rainfall is projected to increase by 25% and up to 50% in certain areas. The climate change in future is expected to provide changes in hydrological cycle and therefore impacts the groundwater resources too. In this study, we analyzed the general climate change trends and reviewed the groundwater conditions of Thailand. The climate changes, hydrologic variability and the impact of climate change on groundwater sustainability are also discussed based on a national groundwater monitoring program. Currently, there are 864 groundwater monitoring stations and 1 524 monitoring wells installed in Thailand. Moreover, the impact of climate change on groundwater-dependent systems and sectors is also discussed according to certain case studies, such as saline water intrusion in coastal and inland areas. Managing aquifer recharge and other projects are examples of groundwater adaptation project for the future. 相似文献
14.
15.
从常规组分、微量元素和氢氧同位素三方面，分析毛坝向斜岩溶水的动力环境特点和起源。结果表明：大气水是毛坝向斜岩溶水的唯一来源；至今尚未形成统一的岩溶水系统，核部与翼部岩溶水有其相对独立性，但又存在相互越流补给；受断层影响存在两相地下集水凹陷带；半节河的水量主要来源于大冶灰岩岩溶水的补给。 相似文献
16.
根据台兰河流域冲洪积扇地形地貌特征、储水构造以及水资源特点,讨论了建设地下水库的可行性,并以正在试验的台兰河地下水库示范工程为例,分析了"横坎尔井"式地下水库的特点是库容大、自压滴灌、节约能源、"引渗回补"具有强大调蓄功能进行可行性研究,为干旱区水资源的合理开发利用提供新的思路。 相似文献
17.
Robert M. Gailey 《Hydrogeology Journal》2017,25(7):2163-2183
Water supply wells can act as conduits for vertical flow and contaminant migration between water-bearing strata under common hydrogeologic and well construction conditions. While recognized by some for decades, there is little published data on the magnitude of flows and extent of resulting water quality impacts. Consequently, the issue may not be acknowledged widely enough and the need for better management persists. This is especially true for unconsolidated alluvial groundwater basins that are hydrologically stressed by agricultural activities. Theoretical and practical considerations indicate that significant water volumes can migrate vertically through wells. The flow is often downward, with shallow groundwater, usually poorer in quality, migrating through conduit wells to degrade deeper water quality. Field data from locations in California, USA, are presented in combination with modeling results to illustrate both the prevalence of conditions conducive to intraborehole flow and the resulting impacts to water quality. Suggestions for management of planned wells include better enforcement of current regulations and more detailed consideration of hydrogeologic conditions during design and installation. A potentially greater management challenge is presented by the large number of existing wells. Monitoring for evidence of conduit flow and solute transport in areas of high well density is recommended to identify wells that pose greater risks to water quality. Conduit wells that are discovered may be addressed through approaches that include structural modification and changes in operations. 相似文献
18.
冰碛层水文地质特征及其对工程影响的研究 总被引：2，自引：1，他引：2
文章以西部某重大工程为例，在详实的调查和试验基础上，研究了冰碛层的水文地质特征及其对工程的影响。研究结果表明：场区冰碛层渗透系数小，透水性微弱，且在垂向上随深度增加，呈逐渐变小趋势；工程条件下，地表水、地下水不会再在场区内冰碛层中形成新的架空块碎石结构，也不会发生渗透破坏，对工程影响微弱。 相似文献
19.
山东省是一个矿业大省、经济大省,是我国重要的能源和黄金生产基地,同时也是水质型缺水省份之一。矿产资源开采过程中,每年都有大量的井下矿坑水向外部环境排放,不但造成了地表水和浅层地下水污染,而且还引发了岩溶塌陷、海水入侵等次生地质灾害。本文重点对山东省煤矿、铁矿、金矿等主要的矿产资源开发引发的地下水系统影响进行了研究,分析了主要开采矿山导致产生地下水疏干漏斗、引起区域地下水位持续下降,降低了地下水的调蓄能力,改变含水层的地球化学环境,地下水水质进一步恶化,致使地下水可利用资源量逐渐减少,该研究为有关政府部门督促矿山企业对矿坑水资源化综合利用及水资源保护、减少矿山开采对地下水环境的影响提供参考。 相似文献
20.
由于岩溶地区特有的地上地下二元水文结构,其岩溶水系统循环演化具有特殊性,因而水不仅会携带土壤发生地表流失,而且会发生地下漏失,造成该地区土壤流失量大,岩溶石漠化现象突出,治理难度大。本文以贵州贞丰-关岭花江高原峡谷石漠化治理示范区为研究区域,通过野外调查、水样分析及数值模拟方法,对该区岩溶水系统的补、径、排特征,水化学特征和水均衡量等进行分析模拟计算出地下水位、地下暗河流量变化情况,得到该区岩溶水均衡量,其结果基本反映了实际地下水系统排泄量变化及地下水流向特征,初步阐明该区域岩溶水系统循环演化特征,为岩溶石漠化地区的土壤地表流失和地下漏失的趋势研究及防治提供理论依据。 相似文献