共查询到20条相似文献，搜索用时 31 毫秒
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建立卫星对地观测数据集成系统是遥感卫星数据信息资源有效管理与应用的重要手段。从我国对地观测重大需求以及前沿科学问题入手,提出大数据环境下卫星对地观测数据集成系统建立中亟待解决的关键技术,包括大容量异构对地观测数据集成的语义技术、基于网格的遥感图像快速处理技术、遥感大数据深度分析技术、多数据中心协同处理及云平台技术,为实现集成卫星图像、地面观测数据和模拟模型的元数据管理、几何精度纠正和卫星数据质量评价、海量卫星图像数据的空间分析与知识发现、分布式高性能卫星图像数据管理和归档等基本功能,为解决海量卫星数据分布式存储与计算、数据集成与互操作、空间数据分析与地学知识发现提供新思路、新技术与新方法。 相似文献
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Development of technologies for site characterization has grown at a faster pace compared to the development of decision-making methods required for the assimilation of inferences they generate. In the case of geophysical surveying, such dephase adds to the dependency on the use of expert's judgment in the interpretation of geophysical mappings. A systematic assimilation of this type of geo-surveying evidence is required, in particular for the integration of spatial geomorphological information (i.e., stratigraphy), characterized from different geophysical methods. This paper presents a methodology to address this challenge by the use of a probabilistic approach. A set of synthetic geophysical mappings are used to illustrate the applicability of the proposed methodology and its potential extrapolation to other scientific imaging disciplines. 相似文献
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V. T. Trofimov 《Moscow University Geology Bulletin》2008,63(2):59-69
The contents and relationships of environmental geology, ecological geology, and geoecology are discussed. It is shown that they differ in their subjects, directions and objects of investigation, as well as their scientific and practical tasks. Hence, these concepts and the spheres of knowledge they determine can be neither identified with nor substituted for each other because this inevitably causes terminological confusion and hampers the development of ecological problems, and not only in geology. Environmental geology, by its content, is a collection of data obtained by traditional geological sciences and has no specially developed conceptual base. It is an anthropocentrically oriented field of geological knowledge, unlike ecological geology, which is oriented biocentrically and has a wider volume. Geoecology is an interdisciplinary science studying the effect of all abiotic spheres of living matter. Ecologically oriented geological sciences are intended to provide information on only one of these spheres—the lithosphere. 相似文献
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资源环境科学多维信息平台研究 总被引：4，自引：1，他引：4
资源环境信息（地理信息）具有时空特点，其种类复杂、获取渠道多样、具有多种比例尺和分辨率以及不同的表达方式，因此，资源环境信息是多维的。遥感（RS）、地理信息系统（GIS）、全球定位系统（GPS）和数据库（DB）等现代信息技术为资源环境科学的发展起了巨大的推动作用，是资源环境科学由以定性描述为主走向定性、定量、定位综合研究的技术基础。然而，面对多维的资源环境信息，要构建一个具有多维信息表达方式、人机和谐、交互性和参与感强、满足资源环境科学研究人员需要的多维信息处理平台，仅靠这些技术是不够的。作为现代信息技术发展的重要分支，虚拟现实（VR）技术适应了这一形势发展的需要，它已经在许多领域得到广泛的应用。在描述资源环境科学多维信息特点的基础上，重点探讨了如何利用虚拟现实技术及其它信息技术构建满足研究人员需要的资源环境科学研究多维信息平台、它的功能以及实施方式。 相似文献
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如何提高地质图空间数据库信息交换体系的可扩展性和互操作能力是这一领域中的研究热点.首先研究了ISO/OGC空间信息共享的规范和标准, 并建立了具有服务能力的空间信息集成模块, 在此基础上研究具有一致性的空间信息共享与服务体系, 形成独立于软件、适用于地质空间信息互操作的表达模式, 提供一个可用于异构和分布式体系下的数据描述机制, 使得应用管理地质空间数据成为可能.提出了以地理置标语言(geography markup language, GML) 模型为框架, 给出一种地质空间信息交换的机制.针对地学应用需求, 提出了专业应用数据的模式, 为地质空间信息交换提供了一种可行的方法. 相似文献
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地质图件及其附属资源（如描述文本）作为地质知识的重要存储媒介,蕴含着大量的地学知识及专家经验知识及隐式知识。快速精准地对多模态地质数据进行知识规范化定义、形式化表达、语义化关联和精准化推理是目前地学知识抽取及挖掘的前沿。当前,海量的地学数据中图件及附属描述信息知识分布零散,图件中的信息无法有效地与描述信息进行关联并提供知识服务。本文以多模态地质数据为数据源,建立了多源数据驱动下的地质图知识表达模型,通过地质基础知识、规则知识及决策知识来表达图件中蕴含的显隐式地质知识,从语义、空间、属性三个维度表示地质对象间的关系;并基于领域知识针对地质图件及描述信息开展了地质实体及关系的精准抽取及存储研究,最后以江西省于都县银坑幅G50E011007图幅150000矿产地质调查矢量数据为例进行了验证与分析,实验结果验证了本文所提出的知识表达模型及知识抽取方法, 能够较好地解决地质知识建模中图文关联弱、知识挖掘不充分等问题。 相似文献
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Valeri Gitis Alexander Derendyaev Pavel Metrikov Alexey Shogin 《Natural Hazards》2012,62(3):1021-1036
In this paper, we present two network geoinformation technologies. Their common major features are (1) network access to geographical information, which may be distributed over network servers or reside on the user PC, (2) modern methods of knowledge acquisition from spatial and spatio-temporal data and (3) high interactivity and clarity of visualization boosting the decision-making efficiency. The technologies are incorporated into web-GIS GeoProcessor 2.0 and GeoTime 2.0. By means of analyzing several case studies, we argue that the proposed applications are effective tools for seismic hazard research. 相似文献
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核能作为清洁能源之一,是实现我国能源经济可持续发展的重要支撑。近年来,核电的快速发展对天然铀资源供给提出了新需求、新挑战,利用现代对地观测新技术新方法,持续开展铀资源高效勘查,是扩大天然铀资源量的关键途径。基于数据挖掘和知识发现技术,综合利用遥感、地球物理、地质等多源地学数据,通过光学遥感数据与雷达数据融合、航磁、航放、重力与地学数据综合分析,结合地面遥感地质调查与验证,系统研究了桃山矿田及其邻区主要成矿岩体、控矿构造、热液蚀变等多种铀成矿要素的电磁波谱特征,综合评价了铀成矿条件,圈定了远景靶区。 相似文献
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A topical evaluation and discussion of data movement technologies for data-intensive scientific applications 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
Chris A. Mattmann Luca Cinquini Paul Zimdars Michael Joyce Shakeh Khudikyan 《Earth Science Informatics》2016,9(2):247-262
Transferring large volumes of information from one location to potentially many others that are geographically distributed and across varying networks is still prevalent in modern scientific data systems. This is despite the movement to push computation to the data and to reduce data movement needed to compute answers to challenging scientific problems, to disseminate information to the scientific community, and to acquire data for curation and enrichment. Because of this, it is imperative that decisions made regarding data movement systems and architectures be backed by both analytical rigor, and also by empirical evidence and measurement. The purpose of this study is to expand on the work performed by our research team over the last decade and to take a fresh look at the evaluation of multiple topical data transfer technologies in use cases derived from data-intensive scientific systems and applications in the areas of Earth science. We report on the evaluation of a set of data movement technologies against a set of empirically derived comparison dimensions. Based on this evaluation, we make recommendations towards the selection of appropriate data movement technologies in scientific applications and scenarios. 相似文献
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Confronting the data-divide in a time of spatial turns and volunteered geographic information 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Geography is enjoying a period of unparalleled visibility, driven by the growing use of geographic methods and concepts across the sciences and humanities—the so-called spatial turn—and the pervasive use of geospatial Web technologies and their concomitant influence on society, especially the phenomenon of volunteered geographic information (VGI). The field of public health is beginning to harness spatiality with gusto; however, the geospatial Web and its social phenomena are underexplored in this context even though they may be particularly useful for public health enquiry, especially in low-resource settings that lack traditional data collection mechanisms. A case study framed within these two current phenomena is presented to illustrate the influence of geography and its potential for addressing the data-divide—the disparity in availability of data for scientific enquiry and decision-making most felt in low-and middle income countries. A facilitated VGI data collection initiative collected public health-related injury data in Cape Town, South Africa, as a pragmatic alternative given the lack of data from traditional sources. Emergency medical services personnel interacted with a GeoWeb interface to volunteer their informed opinions of high-incident injury locations. Previously unrecorded injury location data were created, and combined with traditional injury data for use in an ongoing study examining the environmental determinants of injury in this setting, which speaks to the possibility for hybrid authoritative/asserted data collection strategies. This study speaks to the growing influence of geography and one of its driving forces, the techno-social revolution in geospatial technology and data. Future work should continue to examine their potential to address the data-divide. 相似文献
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岩土工程信息化迫切需要加强大数据集成共享和多专业协同合作,BIM技术在工程建设领域的成功经验给我们以启示,可将BIM技术应用于岩土工程信息化建设,但是当前存在的主要问题是地质模型与BIM模型数据标准不统一。为了解决这个问题,提出了地质模型采用BIM数据标准IFC的思路。采用IFC实体扩展及属性集扩展模式,建立了面向三维地质模型的扩展模型IFC-3DGeoMdl。利用已有的IFC对象类型,派生相应的地质物理实体以及地质空间结构实体,给出地质物理实体的空间表达形式;利用IFC中已有的关系类,定义地质物理实体与空间结构实体的关系;进而,基于IFC中的属性表达方式,实现了地质对象的地层信息与物理力学参数等属性的扩展;最后,给出了创建该模型的具体实现过程,并利用实例验证了该模型的实际应用效果。结果表明,采用该模型,可有效实现岩土工程地质模型与BIM结构模型的集成,从而为深化岩土工程的结构设计、施工等提供有效的地质模型信息。 相似文献
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大数据为地球科学研究带来了新的思路和挑战。但由于存在描述规范不统一、共享机制不明、语义异构等问题,在数据集成、共享与复用等方面存在较大困难,使得大数据的众多优势在地球科学相关研究中难以充分发挥。知识图谱能够准确、清晰地表达概念及其相互之间的复杂语义关系,为机器所理解,是实现语义翻译、数据融合和复用的关键技术。文章对地球科学知识图谱的内涵和特点进行了深入的分析,归纳了地球科学知识图谱的主要构建方法,梳理了数据字典、知识体系和知识图谱之间的关系,对与地球科学知识图谱构建相关的专题数据库和领域本体的建设现状进行了回顾,指出了地球科学知识图谱构建中存在的主要问题,并阐述了地球科学知识图谱的应用前景,以期推动和完善地球科学知识图谱的建设和应用。 相似文献
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Spatial data analytics provides new opportunities for automated detection of anomalous data for data quality control and subsurface segmentation to reduce uncertainty in spatial models. Solely data-driven anomaly detection methods do not fully integrate spatial concepts such as spatial continuity and data sparsity. Also, data-driven anomaly detection methods are challenged in integrating critical geoscience and engineering expertise knowledge. The proposed spatial anomaly detection method is based on the semivariogram spatial continuity model derived from sparsely sampled well data and geological interpretations. The method calculates the lag joint cumulative probability for each matched pair of spatial data, given their lag vector and the semivariogram under the assumption of bivariate Gaussian distribution. For each combination of paired spatial data, the associated head and tail Gaussian standardized values of a pair of spatial data are mapped to the joint probability density function informed from the lag vector and semivariogram. The paired data are classified as anomalous if the associated head and tail Gaussian standardized values fall within a low probability zone. The anomaly decision threshold can be decided based on a loss function quantifying the cost of overestimation or underestimation. The proposed spatial correlation anomaly detection method is able to integrate domain expertise knowledge through trend and correlogram models with sparse spatial data to identify anomalous samples, region, segmentation boundaries, or facies transition zones. This is a useful automation tool for identifying samples in big spatial data on which to focus professional attention.
相似文献17.
Xavier Emery 《Mathematical Geology》2006,38(7):801-819
Multigaussian kriging aims at estimating the local distributions of regionalized variables and functions of these variables
(transfer or recovery functions) at unsampled locations. In this paper, we focus on the evaluation of the recoverable reserves
in an ore deposit accounting for a change of support and information effect caused by ore/waste misclassifications. Two approaches
are proposed: the multigaussian model with Monte Carlo integration and the discrete Gaussian model. The latter is simpler
to use but requires stronger hypotheses than the former. In each model, ordinary multigaussian kriging gives unbiased estimates
of the recoverable reserves that do not utilize the mean value of the normal score data.
The concepts are illustrated through a case study on a copper deposit which shows that local estimates of the metal content
based on ordinary multigaussian kriging are close to the optimal conditional expectation when the data are abundant and are
not dominated by the global mean when the data are scarce. The two proposed approaches (Monte Carlo integration and discrete
Gaussian model) lead to similar results when compared to two other geostatistical methods: service variables and ordinary
indicator kriging, which show strong deviations from conditional expectation. 相似文献
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Two optimization techniques ta predict a spatial variable from any number of related spatial variables are presented. The applicability of the two different methods for petroleum-resource assessment is tested in a mature oil province of the Midcontinent (USA). The information on petroleum productivity, usually not directly accessible, is related indirectly to geological, geophysical, petrographical, and other observable data. This paper presents two approaches based on construction of a multivariate spatial model from the available data to determine a relationship for prediction. In the first approach, the variables are combined into a spatial model by an algebraic map-comparison/integration technique. Optimal weights for the map comparison function are determined by the Nelder-Mead downhill simplex algorithm in multidimensions. Geologic knowledge is necessary to provide a first guess of weights to start the automatization, because the solution is not unique. In the second approach, active set optimization for linear prediction of the target under positivity constraints is applied. Here, the procedure seems to select one variable from each data type (structure, isopachous, and petrophysical) eliminating data redundancy. Automating the determination of optimum combinations of different variables by applying optimization techniques is a valuable extension of the algebraic map-comparison/integration approach to analyzing spatial data. Because of the capability of handling multivariate data sets and partial retention of geographical information, the approaches can be useful in mineral-resource exploration. 相似文献
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南极、北极和青藏高原作为地球的"三极"是全球变化的敏感区和研究热点.随着天空地一体化对地观测技术的快速发展,三极时空信息呈现出海量、高时效、多维度的大数据特征.但由于缺乏有效的可视化手段,这些数据很难被非科研人员理解和认知.如何面向不同人群,快速直观地展示三极最新科学发现所产生的时空数据,已成为数据可视化研究迫切需要解... 相似文献
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地球空间数据集成多尺度问题基础研究 总被引：21，自引：0，他引：21
多尺度数据集成是地球空间数据集成中最难处理的问题。将多尺度数据的集成分解为空间和时间多尺度数据集成,在分析应用项目对数据尺度需求的基础上,就两种多尺度数据集成的传统和数据意义上的集成方法进行了详细的探讨。 相似文献