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1.
The Kastamonu Castle located on a sandstone hill with Eocene age is one of the most historical and touristic places in Kastamonu city center. The settlement of the city expanded towards the hill of the Kastamonu Castle and adversely affected by rockfalls in the past. The rockfall problems around the castle could be related to jointing, weathering, freezing-thawing and earthquake effects or a combination. In this study, the rockfall hazard at the castle is evaluated by two-dimensional rockfall analyses along 17 profiles selected in different orientations. Different size of rock blocks and various types of movements are taken into consideration in the analyses. Fall-out distance, bounce height, kinetic energy and velocity of the sandstone blocks are separately evaluated. The obtained data are used to define the possible rockfall hazard zones. Finally, the areas having potential rockfall risks are distinguished. Based on the evaluation of the data, rock bolting after removing of unstable blocks and supporting the area with the protective fences are suggested. 相似文献
2.
M. K. Ansari M. Ahmad Rajesh Singh T. N. Singh 《Journal of the Geological Society of India》2018,91(1):47-56
The Saptashrungi gad temple (SGT) situated on basaltic hills belongs to Deccan volcanic of Upper Cretaceous to Lower Eocene, is one among the 51 Shakti Peeths and most holy place for pilgrims. Rockfall is a major problem in the past and causing danger to the lives of the villagers settled at the toe of the SGT hill as well as the pilgrims who perform parikrama along the tracks. On the evening of 16 April 2011, an old woman died due to rockfall at SGT hill when she was performing parikrama, moreover, two persons got injured during the deliverance process of this old woman from the continuous rockfall activity. The problem of rockfall could be linked to rainfall, jointing, weathering, man-made or the compounding of all. In this research, the rockfall hazard analysis at SGT hill is assessed using both 2D and 3D rockfall programs along the two parikrama paths: Parikrama Path 1 (or the Badi Parikrama Path ‘BPP’), and Parikrama Path 2 (or the Chhoti Parikrama Path ‘CPP’). Also, the study area of the SGT hill has been divided into eight zones (Zone#01 to Zone#08), based on field observations, orientations of joint sets and hill slope faces and eighteen topographic profiles (AA' to RR') have been taken from these eight zones for rockfall analysis. A detailed topographic survey along with field investigation has been carried out along the temple for ascertaining the nature of rock, discontinuity orientations, and slope geometry. DEM has been generated using topographic profile in ArcGIS to facilitate the 3D rockfall analysis. Maximum rock block sizes are taken into the analysis and run-out distance, bounce height, kinetic energy and velocity of the basaltic blocks are evaluated separately. Based on the analyzed data, the rockfall hazard zone map has been prepared and site having potential rockfall risks have been identified. Finally, wire/net meshing has been proposed after removal of unstable blocks as a stabilization and protection measures.It is worth mentioning here that for the first time rockfall hazard assessment was made in such detail for a site. Suggestions made are implemented by the State Government for the protection of the temple as well as the life of pilgrims performing the parikrama from the rockfall. 相似文献
3.
Transportation corridors that pass through mountainous or hilly areas are prone to rockfall hazard. Rockfall incidents in such areas can cause human fatalities and damage to properties in addition to transportation interruptions. In Malaysia, the North–South Expressway is the most significant expressway that operates as the backbone of the peninsula. A portion of this expressway in Jelapang was chosen as the site of rockfall hazard assessment in multiple scenarios. Light detection and ranging techniques are indispensable in capturing high-resolution digital elevation models related to geohazard studies. An airborne laser scanner was used to create a high-density point cloud of the study area. The use of 3D rockfall process modeling in combination with geographic information system (GIS) is a beneficial tool in rockfall hazard studies. In this study, a 3D rockfall model integrated into GIS was used to derive rockfall trajectories and velocity associated with them in multiple scenarios based on a range of mechanical parameter values (coefficients of restitution and friction angle). Rockfall characteristics in terms of frequency, height, and energy were determined through raster modeling. Analytic hierarchy process (AHP) was used to compute the weight of each rockfall characteristic raster that affects rockfall hazard. A spatial model that considers rockfall characteristics was conducted to produce a rockfall hazard map. Moreover, a barrier location was proposed to eliminate rockfall hazard. As a result, rockfall trajectories and their characteristics were derived. The result of AHP shows that rockfall hazard was significantly influenced by rockfall energy and then by frequency and height. The areas at risk were delineated and the hazard percentage along the expressway was observed and demonstrated. The result also shows that with increasing mechanical parameter values, the rockfall trajectories and their characteristics, and consequently rockfall hazard, were increased. In addition, the suggested barrier effectively restrained most of the rockfall trajectories and eliminated the hazard along the expressway. This study can serve not only as a guide for a comprehensive investigation of rockfall hazard but also as a reference that decision makers can use in designing a risk mitigation method. Furthermore, this study is applicable in any rockfall study, especially in situations where mechanical parameters have no specific values. 相似文献
4.
Rockfalls are common in the steep and vertical slopes of the Campania carbonate massifs and ridges, and frequently represent
the main threat to the anthropogenic environment, potentially damaging urban areas, scattered houses, roads, etc. Despite
the generally limited volumes involved, the high velocity of movement (from few to tens of metres per second) poses rockfalls
among the most dangerous natural hazards to man. Evaluating the rockfall hazard is not an easy task, due to the high number
of involved factors, and particularly to the difficulty in determining the properties of the rock mass. In this paper, we
illustrate the assessment of the rockfall hazard along a small area of the Sorrento Peninsula (Campania region, southern Italy).
Choice of the site was determined by the presence of a road heavily frequented by vehicles. In the area, we have carried out
detailed field surveys and software simulations that allow generating simple rockfall hazard maps. Over twenty measurement
stations for geo-mechanical characterization of the rock mass have been distributed along a 400-m-long slope of Mount Vico
Alvano. Following the internationally established standards for the acquisition of rock mass parameters, the main kinematics
have been recognized, and the discontinuity families leading to the different failures identified. After carrying out field
experiments by artificially releasing a number of unstable blocks on the rock cliff, the rockfall trajectories along the slope
were modelled using 2-D and 3-D programs for rockfall analysis. The results were exploited to evaluate the rockfall hazard
along the threatened element at risk. 相似文献
5.
西藏拉萨—羊八井段建有青藏铁路、京拉公路(G109)、京藏高速(G6)三大重要交通工程和大量输电线路。然而,该区段山高坡陡,崩塌灾害频发,给交通和输电的安全运营带来极大的威胁。现阶段对崩塌灾害的分析与预测多是基于地形剖面的二维方法,限制了崩塌块石的运动方向,难以对崩塌的影响范围进行有效的评估。鉴于此,作者借助现场调查、基于无人机航摄的高精度三维地表形貌建模、崩塌运动的三维数值模拟等方法,以青藏铁路设兴村段崩塌为例,分析了历史崩塌块石分布、岩体结构面产状和危岩区特征,并进行了崩塌块石的运动学模拟。通过模拟获得了崩塌的影响范围和到达概率、优势运动路径以及优势运动路径下危岩区块石距坡面的高度和动能,结果表明危岩区的崩塌块石主要威胁输电线路和京拉公路,对青藏铁路和京藏高速无影响。相关模拟结果还对于崩塌防护范围、高度和强度的确定具有指导意义。 相似文献
6.
基于RHRS系统的景区落石风险评估与决策 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
近年国内山地景区落石掉块现象常有发生,游客的生命安全受到严重威胁,因此对落石风险研究具有科学价值和重要社会效益。通过引入RHRS风险评估系统,针对两座样本景区,对可能导致落石灾害的各项影响因子(包括斜坡高度、地质特征、落石体积/块体大小、降雨量和历史落石频率等)进行较为深入的分析,根据原始评分公式进行风险评分,以综合分值来反映落石风险程度并结合风险允许标准划分高、中、低风险区域进行决策,将抽象的定性评价转为具体的定量评价,得到衢州药王山与江郎山两座样本景区的自然落石风险评分分别为142、117.2。采用FN曲线与ALARP原则相结合的方法来确定风险允许标准,计算我国可接受风险平均值为1.62×10-5/a,得到我们国家地质灾害可接受的风险水平FN曲线的上下限依次为10×10-4/a和10×10-5/a,为景区落石风险评估与决策提供借鉴。 相似文献
7.
危岩是山区常见的地质灾害之一。以往研究缺少对危岩整体破坏导致危岩解体方面的关注,而危岩在失稳崩落过程中的解体行为却是预测危岩影响范围和防治成效的关键所在。为此,文章以郑万（郑州—万州）高铁宜万段沿线隧道洞口边坡危岩为研究对象,从结构面角度出发,对危岩崩落破坏特征进行研究。通过对15个隧道洞口边坡的调查,首先从边坡坡度、岩性组合、相对高差三个方面总结了研究区危岩发育分布规律;然后根据边坡岩体结构特征,分析了危岩失稳模式,并基于边坡上部危岩和下部落石的体积和形状对应关系,进一步探讨了边坡危岩崩落破坏演化过程;在此基础上,利用Rockfall模拟软件对落石运动特征进行预测分析。结果表明:（1）研究区边坡呈上陡下缓地形,上部基岩裸露,坡度基本上≥70°;危岩主要发育于弱风化的灰岩和白云岩中;边坡高差在150~300 m之间。（2）边坡上部危岩将呈阶梯状方式逐渐沿基底结构面滑移或者沿后缘结构面拉裂坠落。（3）研究区危岩崩落破坏模式主要为边坡上部岩体沿结构面解体破坏。（4）大部分隧道洞口边坡落石危险性较大,严重威胁隧道洞口的安全,需要采取相应的防治措施。研究成果可为在建的郑万高铁宜万段隧道边坡危岩的有效防治提供参考。 相似文献
8.
Vishal V. Siddique T. Purohit Rohan Phophliya Mohit K. Pradhan S. P. 《Natural Hazards》2017,85(1):487-503
A massive disaster occurred in June 2013 in Kedarnath, India, due to cloudburst and extremely heavy rain along the Chorabari glacier. The resulting flash floods further aggravated the instability of natural and hill cut slopes at different places on the downstream side. The village Rambara that existed in close proximity of Kedarnath was swept away under flow of debris and water. The immediate surrounding area, which housed over a hundred and fifty shops and hotels, was completely washed away leaving no trace of civilization. This calamity in Uttarakhand is considered as India’s worst natural disasters after the tsunami in December 2004. On the downstream of the affected areas lie other pilgrim destinations that witness innumerable footfalls every year. Investigation of the health of the slopes on the routes to these destinations is therefore very important to ensure minimal damage to humans and machinery. The Himalayan terrain is a tectonically active mountain belt, having a large number of unstable natural and road cut slopes. Such slopes with rugged topography lie in the high seismic vulnerability zone. Further, the instability is aggravated by natural and anthropogenic activities increasing at a rapid and uncontrollable rate. In the light of the Kedarnath tragedy, more advanced research is being conducted along the National Highways to monitor and prevent slope/structure failures. This study was conducted to evaluate the hazard potential along National Highway-58, near Saknidhar village of Devprayag district by analysing rockfall using hazard rating systems and numerical simulation. Rockfall hazard rating systems were applied to evaluate the conditions of the slopes and to identify the associated risks. Based on the field and laboratory analyses, the parameters required for numerical models were determined. The bounce height, roll-out distance, kinetic energy and speed of the detached blocks were determined by using a competent rockfall simulator. The results obtained were used to identify rockfall risk in the region. Optimization strategies were applied during investigation by modifying the slope angle, ditch width and ditch angle to assess the possibility of a hazard to occur in different scenarios. The simulation studies revealed that an increasing slope angle could significantly increase the kinetic energy of the rock blocks. However, an increase in the ditch angle and the ditch width reduces the energy of moving blocks. The maximum bounce height above the slope varied from 0.003 m to 0.8 m for 10-kg blocks, whereas the maximum velocity and the maximum kinetic energy under such circumstances were 7.882 m/s and 379.89 J, respectively. The barrier capacity was found to be 233.18 J for 10-kg falling blocks at a height of 10.02 m. From the optimization studies, it was found that the risk can be reduced by up to 13 % if the slope of 70° has a ditch angle of 15° while on a flat ditch, the maximum risk will be at an angle of 65°. If the ditch angle is increased, the vertical component of the falling blocks is more effective than that in case of a flat ditch. These optimization studies lay foundation for advanced research for mitigation of rockfall hazards in similar potential areas.
相似文献9.
Rock fall is a common natural hazard causing significant damage to infrastructure and loss of life and property. This paper describes selection of prevention method, construction processes and the results of a rockfall hazard assessment for the village of Sarica (Gürün region, Turkey) based on an engineering-geological model. The study area is located on the lower parts of an area with very steep cliffs and 40-500 slopes with fractured sedimentary and volcanic rocks. Detailed studies have been conducted in the region to prevent the risk of any rockfalls. Maps and charts are prepared including the rock blocks that are likely to fall and the related housing area under the risk. It was found that block sizes reached 3 m3. Rockfall analyses were performed along the selected profiles using the Rocfall V.5.0 software. Kinetic energy, bounce height, horizontal location of rock end-points and velocity of the rocks along each section were evaluated separately for each profile. This data was used to select design and construction of rockfall preventing system. In this study professional type rock fall barrier (catchment fence) was used. This method was chosen because it was cheaper, more practical and reliable than others. 相似文献
10.
The prediction of rockfall trajectories below a rock cliff is essential in susceptibility, hazard and risk maps, particularity
close to populated areas. The Monte da Lua hill area in Portugal, a tourist destination close to the historic city of Sintra
(UNESCO World Heritage), is a typical granite boulder chaos landscape where from time to time rockfalls occur, the last such
event having occurred on 29 January 2002. This area is therefore suitable to develop a rockfall study in order to provide
hazard and risk maps a basis for mitigation measures. A preliminary investigation of the area leads to the identification
of 188 potentially dangerous boulders. Detailed locations and geotechnical characteristics in terms of geometry, strength
and context were sampled for each boulder. Digital elevations at 1 × 1 m resolution, known rockfall trajectory and building
locations are provided in a GIS project for the study together with the spatial database of boulder characteristics. The modelling
approach was conducted in two steps: (1) discrimination of the boulders in terms of static and dynamic mobility behaviour
with multivariate analysis; (2) stochastic simulation of rockfall trajectories. The rockfall trajectory algorithm proposed
is straightforward and is only dependent on elevation data, initial location of boulders and a friction angle. Due to the
slope of the area, it assumes that rockfall is always of the rolling or sliding type. The friction angle was calibrated on
the basis of the rockfall travel distance recorded on 29 January 2002 and generates simulated “realistic” trajectories. A
smaller friction angle increases all simulated trajectories, leading to more “pessimistic” scenarios. The combined analysis
of trajectories and potential damage to buildings and discrimination in terms of static and dynamic behaviour provides a final
table in which all 188 sampled boulders are classified in one of the five risk grades. 相似文献
11.
Rockfall susceptibility zoning at a large scale: From geomorphological inventory to preliminary land use planning 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
Rockfall, up to several hundreds of cubic meters, is a frequent and rapid landslide which menaces extensive areas in mountainous territories. Rockfall susceptibility zoning map at a large scale (1:5000–1:25 000) can be the first tool for land use planning in order to manage rockfall risk. A methodology allowing to analyze susceptibility in extensive areas with optimum cost/benefit relationship is needed. This work analyzes rockfall susceptibility in an extensive rocky mountain of the Principality of Andorra (Pyrenees Mountains), first on the rock slope and then on the exposed area located below. The rockfall record, obtained by means of geomorphological analysis, supplies the main data to analyze the susceptibility on the rock slope. An additional historical inventory verifies the accuracy of rockfall sizes recorded by means of the geomorphological analysis. According to the classification recommended by the Guidelines of Joint Technical Committee, the density of rockfall features on the rock slope assesses susceptibility in four levels. Subsequently, susceptibility on exposed areas has been analyzed by means of reach probability of rock blocks analysis using empirical models. Data acquired from thirteen recent events, from 1999 to 2004, have been used to verify the accuracy of the two empirical models mainly used (reach angle and shadow angle). Five reach probability limits (1, 0.5, 0.25, 0.01, and 0) establish boundaries between susceptibility levels. The resulting rockfall susceptibility zoning map allows: (a) to identify land areas and human elements exposed to rockfalls and, (b) to establish several exposition levels. This map can be a useful and cost-effective tool for administrations responsible to manage natural risk in order to guide urban grow in extensive areas or decide upon work programs based on in-depth analysis (hazard and risk). 相似文献
12.
滚石灾害是山区常见的地质灾害类型,研究滚石的运动特征对地质灾害调查及危险性评估有着重要意义。通过对尼泊尔某项目滚石灾害后现场进行工程地质调查,分析其灾害成因机制,查明事故原因。调查结果表明:9 ·15灾害非人类活动的影响,属自然地质灾害,造成事故的主要原因为超高位岩体崩塌,而滚石的范围又超过前期预测的危险区。通过现场痕迹分析,推测出滚石的运动路径。根据调查出的撞击点位置、物质组成及几何特征,作者提出运用运动学原理还原滚石运动轨迹,并利用rocfall软件对超高位危岩体崩落后的运动轨迹进行随机模拟分析,推算出超高位危岩体崩落后能量大小的变化,为防护措施方案提供可靠的依据。张口式帘式网韧性强,防护能级高,对高陡边坡滚石灾害能起到很好的效果。本文可为类似高陡边坡的危岩治理防护提供参考。 相似文献
13.
山区输变电工程崩塌随着国家“一带一路”和“全球能源互联网”战略的构建和实施,山区复杂地质环境条件下的输变电工程建设越来越多。然而,现阶段对于输变电工程崩塌（滚石）灾害识别、预测和评价方法等方面的研究相对较少,难以有效解决山区崩塌（滚石）灾害频发与输变电工程安全建设、运营之间不断增长的矛盾。鉴于此,作者借助航空遥感、无人机航测、岩体结构分析工具、崩塌（滚石）运动数值模拟软件等新技术方法等,对山区输变电工程中崩塌（滚石）灾害识别与预测方法等开展了相关研究。提出:（1）基于区域工程地质分区-区段遥感分析-山体无人机航拍-岩体结构特征分析的思路,实现对长距离、大区域山区输变电工程的崩塌（滚石）危岩体快速识别和分析;（2）利用三维崩塌（运动）模拟方法快速识别崩塌（滚石）在杆塔（变电站）范围的到达情况,然后再利用多种方法对比确定能到达杆塔（变电站）范围内崩塌（滚石）的冲击特征;（3）山区输变电工程崩塌（滚石）灾害风险计算方法。 相似文献
14.
柱状岩体崩塌具有分布范围广、破坏能力强、影响范围大的特点。2004年8月12号,重庆甑子岩W12危岩体发生崩塌,崩塌体运动距离约600 m,形成显著超前空气冲击效应,激起浮尘高度约150 m。文章基于MatDEM离散元软件对甑子岩崩塌动力特征与破碎规律进行了研究,建立了按照实际节理分布的崩塌模型,实现了崩塌全过程的模拟,并结合影像资料验证了模型的有效性,在此基础上对MatDEM进行二次开发,统计分析了崩塌过程中岩块粒径演化规律,确定了崩塌过程中的四个显著颗粒破碎时刻,分别为崩塌源区底部岩体受压破碎、中上部岩体撞击低速三角区、中部岩体撞击斜坡地面与上部岩体撞击斜坡地面。引入分形维数与双参数Weibull分布模型分析了崩塌前后颗粒破碎规律,结果显示崩塌后颗粒破碎明显,细粒颗粒占比显著增加。文章为岩体崩塌的动力特征与破碎规律的研究提供了依据。 相似文献
15.
The stability of road cut cliff face along SH-121: a case study 总被引：6，自引：1，他引：5
P. K. Singh A. B. Wasnik Ashutosh Kainthola M. Sazid T. N. Singh 《Natural Hazards》2013,68(2):497-507
Rockfall is one of the major concerns along highways, settlements and forests around the globe. Amboli road cut hill is one such region which is highly vulnerable and suffers from recurrent rockfall mostly in the rainy season, which blocks the State Highway 121 for considerable period of time. The steep and highly jointed slope along the road makes the zone prone to failure due to rainwater action. This road experiences heavy traffic throughout the year as it is the only road connecting Goa to Satara and Kolhapur via Sawantwadi in Maharashtra State, India. Therefore, an attempt has been made in this study to understand the stability of the cliff face. A combination of field study and 2D computer simulation was performed to assess surface characteristics of the cliff face. Bounce height, translational kinetic energy, translational velocity and factor of safety for saturated condition have been estimated. The result of this study shows that the rock face is highly unstable taking into consideration the environmental condition and daily traffic. Proper preventive measures have also been suggested to arrest the movement of falling rocks before reaching the roads or valleys. It is a belief that if proper care is taken, then further uncertain rockfall hazards can be prevented. 相似文献
16.
In this paper, a study aimed to assess the rockfall hazard along a portion of the SS18 coastal road, located in the coastal area of Maratea (Basilicata Region, Southern Italy), is presented. The relevance of this study derives from the location of the study area, because the SS18 is a strategic roads in a touristic area, and, since the hazard assessment was performed in 2004 within a project financed by the Viability Regional Department of Autonomous National Company of Roads (ANAS), from the possibility to validate the results by using real rockfall events occurred after 2004. The procedure for assessing the rockfall hazard was composed of four sequential analyses: (i) geomechanical and kinematic characterization of rock mass, (ii) implementation of Romana’s (1985) Slope Mass Rating (SMR) method for identifying the potential boulder release areas (rockfall initiation areas), (iii) determination of rockfall trajectories by using a 3D numerical model (ROTOMAP), (iv) calculation and mapping of the hazard index by combining three factors, i.e., (a) lithological features of outcropping materials on rock faces, (b) kinematic compatibility defined by simulating the rockfall trajectories, and (c) spatial distribution of occurred rockfall events. Finally, the proposed methodology was validated by combining the distribution of the hazard levels along the road with the location on the SS18 of the rockfall events occurred from 2004 to 2014. 相似文献
17.
İnan Keskin 《Environmental Earth Sciences》2013,70(4):1619-1628
Disasters caused by events such as earthquake, flooding, rock falls, landslides are often encountered. However, generally, the reasons for the destructive and devastating effects of these nature events are that settlement locations were chosen without site investigation studies, or that available studies were inadequate. Such inadequacies in the field are related to inappropriate settlement location and the resulting damage caused by rock falls. This study evaluated rockfall risk in a settlement that developed in a similar manner. The study was carried out in Bo?aziçi village of Kemah (Erzincan/Turkey), which is located in a very important tectonic zone. The study site is located on the lower sections of an area with very steep cliffs and 50–75° slopes. This cliff, which is the source of rockfalls, has a slope dip of approximately 90°. The cliff comprises 25–30 m high, fractured and cracked basaltic volcanic mass. To determine block size in the study area, scanline survey measurements and block size measurements were performed on blocks that loosened and fell from the cliff face. It was found that block sizes reached 6 m3. Rockfall analyses were performed along the selected profiles using the Rockfall V.4.0 software. Kinetic energy, bounce height, horizontal location of rock end-points, and velocity of the rocks along each section were evaluated separately for each profile. This data were used to produce distribution maps for each profile and the settlement was evaluated in terms of rockfall risk. The results indicate that the study area was at risk of future rockfalls and that it would be appropriate to relocate one part of the settlement. 相似文献
18.
山西壶关太行山大峡谷景区为中国最美十大峡谷之一,但景区落石灾害频发,严重威胁景区安全运营。本文基于高精度地形信息与岩土体强度特性,采用坡度角分布方法开展区域尺度潜在落石源区识别,并引入岩体破坏敏感性指标定量描述潜在落石源区失稳概率。然后,利用经验模型Flow-R模拟落石运动扩散过程,获取落石的传播概率与能量分布情况。最后,提出落石危险性双因子评价模型实现落石危险性定量评估。获得主要结论如下:(1)研究区内潜在落石源区面积为25.7 km2(35.7%),主要以条带状分布于峡谷两侧陡壁。其中岩体破坏高敏感性区为3.3 km2。(2)研究区落石高危险区面积达3.22 km2,主要威胁景区内游客集散地与交通线路,尤其在S327荫林线红豆峡入口处落石危险性最高。(3)野外调查验证结果表明了应用坡度角分布方法识别潜在落石源区的高效性与准确性,提出的双因子评价模型可为峡谷区落石危险性评估提供快速解决方案。本文提出的“区域落石源区识别-源区失稳概率分析-落石危险性评估”的一整套技术方案能够为类似的高山峡谷区落石灾害早期识别及风险防控提供技术参考。 相似文献
19.
针对重庆市南川区甑子岩危岩体面临的崩塌地质灾害问题,分析不同高度、不同规模的危岩体对东侧居民区的落石风险及危害性。以甑子岩处岩质边坡为研究对象,根据其结构面发育情况及崩塌落石特征确定模型尺寸,运用RocFall软件对崩塌落石的能量、速度、运动轨迹、落点位置及冲击力等进行模拟计算。以此对崩塌落石区进行落石风险评估,根据崩塌落石的动量和动能,按最危险原则法将崩塌落石的危险性分区,分为Ⅰ危险性极大、Ⅱ危险性大、Ⅲ危险性一般、Ⅳ危险性较小、Ⅴ无危险五个分区,并将此分区应用于甑子岩危岩体,评价崩子岩危岩体居民区的落石风险及危险性,确保居民安全。通过对崩塌落石区的危险性分区,可以用来指导居民区的安置和防护措施。 相似文献
20.
Yoshihiko Kariya Go Sato Kuniyasu Mokudai Jiro Komori Masaki Ishii Ryoko Nishii Yosuke Miyazawa Noriko Tsumura 《Landslides》2007,4(1):91-94
This paper describes a rockfall event in the Daisekkei Valley of Mount Shirouma-dake (2,932 m), the northern Japanese Alps.
The rockfall occurred on a steep cliff comprising well-jointed felsites and produced debris of ≥8,000 m3. Most debris was deposited on an elongated snowpatch located immediately beneath the cliff, and it caused casualties among
people who were trekking along a trail on the snowpatch. Additionally, a large rock block slipped 1 km on the snowpatch. The
rockfall could have been due to the differential retreat of the rockwall, which contains areas of high- and low-density joints.
Seasonal and diurnal freeze–thaw activities and snow avalanches and wash appear to be important factors responsible for the
retreat. Although some rock blocks that can collapse further remain on the rockwall, the position of the mountain trail in
the Daisekkei Valley is fixed. Fundamental reform of tourism systems for climbers, including education on natural hazards,
is required. 相似文献