首页 | 本学科首页   官方微博 | 高级检索  
相似文献
 共查询到20条相似文献,搜索用时 187 毫秒
1.
陕北榆林市耕地变化的驱动机制及其情景分析   总被引:3,自引:1,他引:2  
选取地处北方农牧交错带的陕北榆林市作为典型研究区,利用历年土地利用详查及其变更数据,并结合野外调研资料,对该区近10年来县域耕地资源变化态势,以及土地退化、退耕还林还草、农业结构调整等因素对耕地变化的影响机理进行了系统研究。主要结论是:(1)榆林市耕地面积总量呈减少趋势,且在不同时段和空间上呈现出显著差异性;(2)土地退化、退耕还林还草、农业结构调整与建设占用是榆林市耕地减少的4个主要原因,其贡献率达98%;(3)草地和未利用地开垦是榆林市耕地面积增加的主要原因,分别占耕地增加总量的48%和39%;(4)未来10年榆林市耕地面积仍以减少为主,但耕地质量会有不同程度的提高。  相似文献   

2.
基于GIS与BP神经网络的中国耕地变化与模拟研究   总被引:3,自引:1,他引:2  
基于全国1996-2005年期间耕地面积与相关的社会经济数据为基础资料,分析研究期间耕地变化的过程,探讨耕地与社会经济因子之间的关系,模拟预测未来的耕地面积.研究结果表明在研究期内,耕地面积持续减少,尤其是以生态退耕为主;通过耕地动态度与耕地相对变化率的空间化,发现耕地数量变化与程度变化存在空间差异;通过相关性分析获得耕地变化的社会经济驱动因子,采用三层BP神经网络建立了耕地面积与相关社会经济因子的模型,模拟平均误差小;预测2010年、2015年耕地面积分别为11 195.82×104hm2、9 889.30×104hm2,根据耕地的预测结果,可以判断现有的发展模式是否利于确保耕地红线,对促进我国社会经济发展有重要作用.  相似文献   

3.
王刚  张晔 《西部资源》2010,(1):20-22
<正>1内蒙古土地资源利用现状根据内蒙古自治区2008年土地详查变更数据统计,全区土地总面积为11550.92万hm2。其中农用地9541.45万hm2,建设用地149.24万hm2,未利用地1860.23  相似文献   

4.
三江平原近50年耕地面积动态变化序列重建   总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2  
基于1950-2000年三江平原23个县市和3个农垦管理局耕地面积的统计数据,利用空间插值和线性时间内插方法对统计缺失数据进行插补,重建其50年耕地面积时空变化序列。重建的耕地面积变化序列显示,1950年该区域耕地面积仅有88.7万hm2,到2000年增至269.6万hm2,增加了203.9%,除20世纪60年代后期外,该区域耕地基本表现为持续增加。在空间变化方面,近50年三江平原耕地面积增加的重心表现为由早期的平原西部逐渐向中东部转移。耕地面积变化的主要原因在于该区域3个农垦管理局所辖的农场对自然湿地的大规模垦殖,其108.8万hm2的耕地面积几乎全部源于近50年的湿地垦殖。  相似文献   

5.
五、建制镇预测与规划 1、人口城市化水平预测 (1)指标选取 为了确保资料的系统性、可比性和有效性,我们选择1983~1993年中国统计年鉴和公安部统计的市镇非农业人口及其比重为原始数据,然后按第四次人口普查第二统计口径(将设区的市的市辖区人口、不设区的市的街道办事处人口以及镇的居委会人口统计为市镇人口)进行调整,以此作为城市化水平基本预测数据,其调整系数为1990年第四次人口普查第二统计口径市镇人口比重除以当年市镇非农业人口比重,即26.41÷18.73=1.41。  相似文献   

6.
基于投影寻踪法的长株潭城市群地区耕地集约利用评价   总被引:10,自引:0,他引:10  
邓楚雄  谢炳庚  李晓青 《地理研究》2013,32(11):2000-2008
为克服现有耕地集约利用评价中存在权重设置主观性强、高维数据不易处理等不足,在构建耕地集约利用评价指标体系的基础上,以长株潭城市群地区1996-2009 年各年度和2009年各县(县级市、市辖区)为数据样本,采用基于遗传算法的投影寻踪模型对长株潭城市群地区耕地集约利用时序变化和空间分异进行定量综合评价。结果表明:①复种指数、单位耕地面积化肥施用量、单位耕地面积农业机械总动力、单位耕地面积种植业产值已成为长株潭城市群地区耕地集约利用的主要影响因素;②1996-2009 年,长株潭城市群地区耕地集约利用程度以2002 年为分界点呈现出“平稳—快速增长”的阶段性发展态势;③2009 年,长株潭城市群地区耕地集约利用程度表现为由近郊区向中郊区、再向远郊区梯度式降低的空间分异特征;④与常规评价方法相比,投影寻踪法客观可靠,信息表征丰富,结果合理,在耕地集约利用评价方面具有有效性  相似文献   

7.
统筹黑龙江省土地利用分区与战略对策研究   总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2  
采用文献资料法、统计分析法,基于1996年黑龙江省以地形、地貌自然条件为标准分区的土地利用现状详查结果,分析2004年末黑龙江省各地市的土地利用状况、土地资源分布的地域差异及社会经济发展情况。按照国家统筹区域发展战略决策和黑龙江省社会经济发展战略定位的要求,选取2004年末黑龙江省各地市主要用地类型面积比和地均社会经济产值、人口密度等11个指标,利用SPSS11.5的层次聚类计算并结合定性分析,将黑龙江省分为七大土地利用区,提出土地利用方向、战略对策与管制措施。  相似文献   

8.
青藏高原东北部互助县域土地利用变化对粮食安全的影响   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
中国既是一个人口大国,又是一个农业大国,粮食安全在国家安全系统中具有重要地位。青藏高原是一个高海拔的少数民族聚居区域,区域粮食安全有其独特性。互助土族自治县是青藏高原东北部主要的农业县之一,同时,又是国家商品粮建设基地和青海省粮、油、肉、蛋、禽生产基地,其土地利用变化对粮食安全的影响具有一定的典型性。利用互助土族自治县1986年土地利用现状详查数据,2000,2005年土地利用变更数据、2008年TM数据,在ERDAS及ArcGIS软件支持下分析了其土地利用变化态势并计算了该县最小人均耕地面积和耕地压力指数,对因土地利用变化引起的粮食安全问题进行分析和评估。结果表明:(1)互助县耕地总量及人均粮食产量均呈现下降趋势,这与近几年的退耕还林(草)工程、基础设施建设及人口增长相关联,而粮食单产呈现上升趋势,表明科学技术的进步在起作用。(2)从粮食生产来看,人均粮食消费水平为300 kg,互助县当前粮食生产能满足其基本需求,人均粮食消费水平为400 kg时,互助县当前粮食生产不能满足其基本需求,表明需要从区外调入粮食。(3)从耕地压力指数来看,近20年来,互助县最小人均耕地面积及耕地压力指数呈现持续增长态势。  相似文献   

9.
中国县域耕地与农业劳动力变化的时空耦合关系   总被引:17,自引:3,他引:14  
刘彦随  李裕瑞 《地理学报》2010,65(12):1602-1612
利用1996 年、2000 年和2005 年中国县域耕地与农业劳动力数据,基于GIS 技术和模型方法,分析了县域耕地面积与农业劳动力变化态势及其时空耦合特征。研究表明:① 县域耕地面积和农业劳动力变化均呈先增后减态势。1996-2000 年,耕地总量、劳动力数量分别增长2.70%和1.40%;2000-2005 年,耕地总量、劳动力数量分别减少1.51%和8.18%。②“胡焕庸线”是刻画中国耕地和劳动力变化格局的重要分界线。沿此线带状区域内因退耕还林造成耕地快速减少,而农业劳动力转移滞后;其西北部区域耕地快速增加,农业劳动力也在增长;其东南部区域耕地明显减少,而农业劳动力减少速度更快,二者呈现协调态势。③ 耕地非农化进程中县域劳动力转移效率呈下降趋势。1996-2000 年和2000-2005 年,全国分别有447 个和505 个县域的耕地减少和劳动力转移呈良性变化,90%的县域劳耕弹性系数(LFEC) 的中位数分别为4.58 和2.97。④ 基于SOM自组织特征映射神经网络聚类方法,可将1996-2005 年中国县域耕地与劳动力变化的耦合特征划分为9大类型区。多情景模拟分析表明,2005-2015年的LFEC趋势值为2.55。  相似文献   

10.
过去百年青海和西藏耕地空间格局重建及其时空变化   总被引:7,自引:1,他引:6  
网格化的历史土地利用/覆被数据集,可为历史气候变化和碳循环研究提供基础数据。本文估算了1910年,并订正了1950-2000年青海和西藏的省域耕地面积数据;基于现代耕地空间格局,量化了海拔高程和地面坡度与耕地空间分布之间的关系,构建了历史耕地网格化重建模型。将1910、1960、1980和2000年的省域耕地面积数据带入网格化重建模型,得到了4个时间断面的耕地空间格局。结果表明:青藏两省耕地面积1910-1950年稳定,1950-1980年快速增加,1980-2000年基本稳定,略有降低。就空间格局而言,1960-1980年,河湟谷地和"一江两河"地区土地开垦范围的扩张和垦殖强度的增长在过去百年最为明显。模型检验表明,模型重建的2000年耕地空间格局与2000年遥感数据相关系数达0.92。  相似文献   

11.
There is a growing demand for reliable information about land cover and land resources. The Norwegian area frame survey of land cover and outfield land resources (AR18X18) is a response to this demand. AR18X18 provides unbiased land cover and land resource statistics and constitutes a baseline for studying changes in outfield land resources in Norway and a framework for a national land resource accounting system for the outfields. The area frame survey uses a systematic sampling technique with 0.9 km2 sample plots at 18 km intervals. A complete wall-to-wall land cover map of an entire plot surveyed is obtained in situ by a team of fieldworkers equipped with aerial photographs. The use of sample plots with extended coverage (0.9 km2) ensures that the survey also deals with local variation, thus strengthening the estimates well beyond simple point sampling. The article documents the methodology used in the survey, followed by a discussion of issues raised by the choice of methodology. These issues include the problem of calculating uncertainty and a confidence interval for the estimates, the focus on common rather than rare land cover categories, and the prospect of downscaling the results in order to obtain statistics for subnational regions.  相似文献   

12.
1980年以来中国农地利用变化的区域差异   总被引:4,自引:0,他引:4  
The study of land use change and its driving mechanism has become the focus since the research of land use/land cover change (LUCC) became one of the important areas of Global Environmental Change (GEC) researches in the 1990s (Turner, 1994). Scholars mai…  相似文献   

13.
京津风沙源浑善达克沙地治理区退耕还林地的植被变化   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
本文选择京津风沙源区浑善达克沙地治理区大兴安岭南部亚区2004年退耕的榆树-小叶锦鸡儿林及山杏林和浑善达克沙地亚区2002年退耕的榆树-小叶锦鸡儿、小叶锦鸡儿退耕林及榆树疏林沙地设置监测样地,对植被盖度、生物量、物种多样性等进行了连续4年的监测调查,结果表明:在大兴安岭南部亚区,退耕后4~7年,榆树-小叶锦鸡儿林总盖度和总生物量均极显著高于对照的蒿类草地(p<0.01),且呈逐年上升趋势;山杏人工林总盖度在前期低于天然胡枝子灌丛,但后期优于对照;山杏人工林总生物量逐年增加,并在2010年和2011年显著大于胡枝子灌丛(p<0.05)。榆树-小叶锦鸡儿和山杏人工林及其对照样地的Shannon-Wiener指数均呈波状变化,差异不显著。在浑善达克沙地亚区,退耕后6~9年,榆树-小叶锦鸡儿林地的总盖度显著高于小叶锦鸡儿和榆树疏林沙地(p<0.05),但榆树疏林沙地在年际间的变化更稳定,榆树疏林沙地总生物量在2008-2010年间均高于榆树-小叶锦鸡儿和小叶锦鸡儿人工林,但人工林逐年增加的趋势更明显。小叶锦鸡儿人工林和榆树疏林沙地的Shannon-Wiener指数明显高于榆树-小叶锦鸡儿林地,并且都呈波状增加趋势,而榆树-小叶锦鸡儿林地的Shannon-Wiener指数表现出与降雨变化同样的趋势。  相似文献   

14.
Based on the cost-benefit data (1980–2002) of farm products and China Agriculture Yearbooks, this paper studies the regional disparity in the changes of the agricultural land use in China during the period 1980–2002 from three aspects such as the degree of intensity, the sown area and the abandoned farmland. The results show that: (1) The degree of intensity of land use in the western region during 1980–2000 has a strong uptrend, but in the eastern and central regions the degree of intensity descends obviously and has shown a continuous downtrend since 1997. (2) The total sown area shrinks notably in the eastern region, while it enlarges constantly in the western region. (3) The sown area in the eastern, central and western regions has gone through a similar cyclic process: down (1980–1985)–up (1985–1991)–down (1991–1994)–up (1994–1999)–down (1999–2002). However, there are obvious differences in amplitude variation and tendency among them. The sown area has shrunk in the eastern region and expanded in the central and western regions especially before 1999. (4) The most cases of abandoned farmland are reported in the central region, the second in the eastern region and the least in the western region. The abandonment phenomena chiefly occurred during 1992–1995 in the eastern region, and during 1998–2002 in the central region.  相似文献   

15.
刘荣娟  濮励杰  朱明  郄璐  周扬帆 《地理研究》2021,40(8):2367-2379
利用8景遥感影像及土地利用数据,基于DSAS数字岸线分析法、改进的水体指数法(MNDWI)等,分析了江苏省如东县2000—2020年海岸线及滩涂围垦时空动态特征,结合围垦地区土地利用方式变化提取了海岸线与围垦变化的相关性,并阐述了其变迁原因与影响机制。结果表明:在自然与人为因素共同作用下,2000—2020年如东县海岸线整体呈现增长趋势,21年来海岸线延长了18.79 km,同时以63.84 m/a(EPR)和74.47 m/a(LRR)的速度向海扩张。至2020年为止如东县共围垦滩涂及海域46359.53 hm2,陆地面积增加9089.25 hm2,2010—2015年陆地面积扩张速度最快。围垦面积与海岸线长度呈显著正相关关系,港口建设是影响海岸线变化最显著的土地利用方式,其次为未利用地、盐场和养殖用地。  相似文献   

16.
Based on the cost-benefit data (1980-2002) of farm products and China Agriculture Yearbooks, this paper studies the regional disparity in the changes of the agricultural land use in China during the period 1980-2002 from three aspects such as the degree of intensity, the sown area and the abandoned farmland. The results show that: (1) The degree of intensity of land use in the westena region during 1980-2000 has a strong uptrend, but in the eastern and central regions the degree of intensity descends obviously and has shown a continuous downtrend since 1997. (2) The total sown area shrinks notably in the eastern region, while it enlarges constantly in the western region. (3) The sown area in the eastern, central and western regions has gone through a similar cyclic process: down (1980-1985)-up (1985-1991)-down (1991-1994)-up (1994-1999)-down (1999-2002). However, there are obvious differences in amplitude variation and tendency among them. The sown area has shrunk in the eastern region and expanded in the central and western regions especially before 1999. (4) The most cases of abandoned farmland are reported in the central region, the second in the eastern region and the least in the western region. The abandonment phenomena chiefly occurred during 1992-1995 in the eastern region, and during 1998-2002 in the central region.  相似文献   

17.
Farmland resources in mountainous areas are important for regional food security and ecological security. Studies concerning changes in farmland use in mountainous areas are of considerable significance in China. Here, we analyzed marginalization characteristics of farmland in Renhuai city from 2005 to 2011 and driving factors using land information systems, surveys of farmer households and statistical data. Our results indicate that from 2005 to 2011, 3095.76 hm2 of farmland was converted to forest land and natural reserve, accounting for 5.45% of the total farmland area. This suggests significant marginalization of farmland. Marginalization of farmland in mountainous areas was affected by topography, labor forces and effectiveness of land management. Farmland with a greater slope gradient was more likely to be abandoned; among marginalized land in Renhuai, a slope greater than 15° accounted for 62.26%. A high non-agricultural employment rate of rural labor force and annual income per capita of farmer households in mountainous areas were consistent with high speed farmland marginalization. Low land management benefits were the key reason for farmland marginalization. Although farmland marginalization was advantageous for eco-environment protection and sustainable development in mountainous areas, it resulted in inefficient land resource utilization. A win-win model for the exploitation and utilization of sloping farmland should be explored for production development and environmental protection.  相似文献   

18.
农用地分等成果在土地利用总体规划中的应用   总被引:10,自引:1,他引:9  
不同层次的农用地分等成果有着不同的应用方向。文章以土地利用总体规划为导向,以农用地利用等别与自然等别的高低延伸顺序与耕地最低需求量相结合,确定出基本农田保护的数量;以基本农田数量的105%~110%为基准,将县级利用等别图与自然等别图重叠的区域划定为基本农田保护区;交叉运用分等的土壤肥力图、气候生产潜力指数曲线图来选择作物适宜生长区和改良土地用养结构;以分等因素图作为限制因子的选择标准来划分土地限制类别区。  相似文献   

19.
The objective of this paper is to examine a method for estimation of land cover statistics for local environments from available area frame surveys of larger, surrounding areas. The method is a simple version of the small-area estimation methodology. The starting point is a national area frame survey of land cover. This survey is post-stratified using a coarse land cover map based on topographic maps and segmentation of satellite images. The approach is to describe the land cover composition of each stratum and subsequently use the results to calculate land cover statistics for a smaller area where the relative distribution of the strata is known. The method was applied to a mountain environment in Gausdal in Eastern Norway and the result was compared to reference data from a complete in situ land cover map of the study area. The overall correlation (Pearson’s rho) between the observed and the estimated land cover figures was r = 0.95. The method does not produce a map of the target area and the estimation error was large for a few of the land cover classes. The overall conclusion is, however, that the method is applicable when the objective is to produce land cover statistics and the interest is the general composition of land cover classes - not the precise estimate of each class. The method will be applied in outfield pasture management in Norway, where it offers a cost-efficient way to screen the management units and identify local areas with a land cover composition suitable for grazing. The limited resources available for in situ land cover mapping can then be allocated efficiently to in-depth studies of the areas with the highest grazing potential. It is also expected that the method can be used to compile land cover statistics for other purposes as well, provided that the motivation is to describe the overall land cover composition and not to provide exact estimates for the individual land cover classes.  相似文献   

20.
农田防护林网林地水分状况研究   总被引:2,自引:2,他引:0  
李银芳  杨戈 《中国沙漠》1997,17(3):295-300
通过1992~1994年的定位观测,对农田防护林网中的护田林、护渠林林地含水量和林木生长进行了研究。结果表明,3年平均耗水量:护田林是154.40 mm,护渠林内侧2995.92 mm,护渠林外侧1514.75 mm。护田林带的土壤含水量在0~150 cm层内变化,以下为稳定层,而护渠林深层渗漏严重,可穿透3 m土层。胸径和材积生长量是护渠林内侧>护渠林外侧>护田林,但护田林若遇丰水年份,则胸径和材积猛增。农田防护林网的布置格局,应大力发展护渠林。护田林带应采用3行窄带式沟植,成林后可不再灌溉,但切忌农田休闲时,中断维持林木生长的侧渗水。  相似文献   

设为首页 | 免责声明 | 关于勤云 | 加入收藏

Copyright©北京勤云科技发展有限公司  京ICP备09084417号