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1.
西藏南部冈底斯岩基花岗岩时代与岩石成因 总被引：20，自引：0，他引：20
冈底斯岩基花岗岩的岩石组合、岩石地球化学、全岩Sr-Nd同位素地球化学、锆石U-Pb年龄和Hf同位素等特征表明：（1）冈底斯岩基中生代时期发育了连续的岩浆活动,存在晚侏罗世和早白垩世两个岩浆作用峰期,该时期岩浆活动为新特提斯洋板片连续向北斜向俯冲造成的;（2）古新世-始新世是本地区岩浆活动最为发育的时期,该时期岩浆作用为新特提斯洋板片继续俯冲、板片回转和板片断离等多个地球动力学过程的反映;（3）渐新世-中新世岩浆活动为碰撞后东西向伸展环境下,增厚岩石圈发生对流减薄的产物;（4）拉萨地块南缘冈底斯岩基源区可能是一个晚古生代时期拼贴的岛弧地体,其具有明显不同于古老拉萨地块（冈底斯弧背断隆和中冈底斯地区）的基底特征;（5）冈底斯岩基花岗岩的年代学格架和锆石Hf同位素特征,明显不同于邻区的花岗岩,可作为区域构造隆升-剥蚀过程示踪研究的有效手段. 相似文献
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《中国科学:地球科学》2020,(1)
依据有效的实验岩石学和相平衡模拟结果、结合俯冲带热结构模型,讨论了大洋地壳中的基性岩、沉积岩和超基性岩在不同俯冲阶段发生的脱水和熔融作用,及其对俯冲带岩浆作用的影响.大多数洋壳在弧前(90～100km)俯冲阶段基性岩和超基性岩脱水很少,明显脱水作用发生在表层沉积物中.在弧下俯冲阶段基性岩和超基性岩都发生强烈脱水,如基性岩中90%以上的水是由绿泥石、蓝闪石、滑石和硬柱石相继在弧下100～200km深度分解释放的,这与以往基于实验模拟得到的结果大不相同;超基性岩在弧下120～220km深度发生叶蛇纹石、绿泥石和10?相脱水;但变质沉积岩在弧下深度对流体贡献不大,其主要含水矿物为多硅白云母,可以一直稳定至300km深处分解成钾锰钡矿,多硅白云母分解后直到地幔过渡带深度俯冲洋壳板片不再有明显流体释放.在少数热俯冲带中,变质沉积岩和基性岩都可以发生部分熔融(尤其是水化熔融)形成富水花岗质熔体或超临界流体,含碳酸盐矿物的沉积物可以熔融形成含钾碳酸岩熔体.在少数冷俯冲带中,超基性岩中出现A相,可把水带至地幔过渡带深处.俯冲板片特别是沉积物可以携带很多强不相容的次要元素和微量元素,通过板片流体影响俯冲带岩浆岩的地球化学成分.在弧下俯冲阶段,俯冲带的地热梯度不穿过碳酸盐化榴辉岩和橄榄岩的固相线,其中的碳酸盐矿物可被携带到深部地幔.碳酸盐化榴辉岩会在400km深度发生熔融形成富碱的碳酸岩熔体,而碳酸盐化橄榄岩则不会在俯冲带下部的地幔过渡带中发生熔融. 相似文献
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南秦岭勉略构造带三岔子古岩浆弧的地球化学特征及形成时代 总被引：9，自引：2，他引：9
南秦岭勉略构造带三岔子镁铁-超镁铁杂岩可划分为两个岩块: 三岔子古岩浆弧和庄科古洋壳残片(蛇绿岩). 三岔子古岩浆弧主要由岛弧型安山质熔岩、玄武及玄武安山质辉(闪)长岩、安山质岩墙、斜长花岗岩及部分超镁铁岩组成, 它们具有典型的岛弧火山岩地球化学特征, 如高场强元素(Nb, Ti)亏损和低Cr, Ni含量. 该类岩石的轻稀土富集和富钾的特征及斜长花岗岩中含有9亿年锆石捕掳晶特征表明它们可能发育在南秦岭微陆块南缘的活动陆缘环境. 斜长花岗岩的岩浆锆石U-Pb年龄为(300±61) Ma, 它表明勉略古洋盆在石炭纪已开始向南秦岭微陆块下消减. 这一年龄和大别山浒湾构造带洋壳俯冲成因榴辉岩的形成时代(309 Ma)一致, 它说明勉略洋在石炭纪可东延至大别山. 三岔子古岩浆弧中类似高镁埃达克岩的存在表明这一俯冲洋壳是年轻(< 25 Ma)而且较热的大洋岩石圈. 相似文献
4.
西藏冈底斯东部察隅高分异I型花岗岩的成因：锆石U-Pb年代学、地球化学和Sr-Nd-Hf同位素约束 总被引：22，自引：0，他引：22
通常将西藏冈底斯中北部白垩纪花岗岩类解释为与拉萨-羌塘碰撞有关的增厚地壳重熔的产物.文中报道了西藏冈底斯东部察隅岩体的锆石U-Pb定年、地球化学和Sr-Nd-Hf同位素数据.文中锆石SHRIMPU-Pb年龄数据和文献锆石LA-ICPMSU-Pb年龄数据显示察隅岩体大约侵位于130Ma,与冈底斯东部其他地区（如然乌、八宿等地）和中冈底斯早白垩世岩浆岩基本同期.察隅岩体无角闪石和白云母,具高SiO2（69.9%～76.8%）、高K2O（4.4%～5.7%）和低P2O5（0.05%～0.12%）含量特征,铝饱和指数（A/CNK）为1.00～1.05,富集Rb,Th,U和Pb,明显亏损Ba,Nb,Ta,Sr,P,Ti和Eu等,属准铝质到弱过铝质高分异I型花岗岩类.与冈底斯成熟大陆地壳物质（如宁中早侏罗世强过铝质花岗岩）相比,察隅岩体显示相对高的εNd（t）值（-10.9～-7.6）和相对低的（86Sr/87Sr）i值（0.7120～0.7179）,并具不均一的锆石εHf（t）值（-12.8～-2.9）和古老的锆石Hf同位素地壳模式年龄（1.4～2.0Ga）.根据本文和最近获得的数据提出,冈底斯东部早白垩世花岗岩类很可能是中冈底斯早白垩世岩浆岩带在西藏境内的东延部分,具有古老基底物质的拉萨微陆块东西延伸可达2000km.锆石Hf同位素数据和全岩锆石饱和温度（789～821℃）表明幔源物质很可能在察隅岩体的形成过程中发挥了作用.察隅岩体很可能是在班公湖-怒江海洋岩石圈南向俯冲的地球动力学背景下,由俯冲带之上的幔源岩浆既提供热量诱发拉萨微陆块自身的古老地壳物质重熔,又与该壳源熔体混合形成母岩浆,再经历高程度分离结晶作用形成,地壳增厚不一定是必须的. 相似文献
5.
相对于宽阔的腹地,青藏高原西部南北向宽度仅约600km,却记录了印度和欧亚板块汇聚的深部过程及其响应.本文用22台宽频带流动地震台站在西缘构建了一条南北向探测剖面(~80°E,TW-80试验).利用接收函数反演剖面下方S波速度结构,综合西部已有的宽频带探测结果,分析认为:印度板块向北俯冲可能已到达班公湖—怒江缝合带附近,俯冲过程中下地壳发生榴辉岩化;喀拉昆仑断裂带、班公湖—怒江缝合带、阿尔金断裂带均为切穿地壳的深断裂,莫霍面发生错断;喀拉昆仑断裂带和龙木错断裂带之间的中上地壳没有发现连续的S波低速体,说明可能缺乏解耦层,支持青藏高原西部地壳为整体缩短增厚模式. 相似文献
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《中国科学:地球科学》2015,(8)
秦岭复合造山带是探讨多期岩浆与造山作用关系的典型地区,已进行了不少研究和总结,但一些认识仍然不同.本文试图在前人研究的基础上,再做一些总结和讨论.依据最新的锆石年龄分期、相应的岩石组合和变形特征等,秦岭造山带花岗质岩浆作用主要可以分为新元古代(979~711 Ma)、古生代(507~400 Ma)、早中生代(250~185 Ma)和晚中生代(160~100 Ma).其中,新元古代花岗质岩浆作用分为979~911,894~815和759~711 Ma三个阶段,分别对应强变形S型(花岗质片麻岩)、弱变形I型到无变形A型花岗岩,显示同碰撞(979~911 Ma)到后碰撞(894~815Ma)和碰撞后(759~711 Ma)伸展裂解的花岗岩浆演化特点,可能是扬子-塔里木克拉通等中国古老陆块新元古代构造岩浆事件在秦岭古老地块的反映,该地块卷入到显生宙秦岭造山带中,故新元古代岩浆事件并非为秦岭造山作用的产物.古生代花岗质岩浆作用也可划分为507~470,460~422和415~400 Ma三个演化阶段,早期阶段伴随超高压变质作用;三个阶段分别解释为俯冲、同碰撞和后碰撞环境.早中生代花岗质岩浆作用可分为两个阶段:早期(250~235 Ma)以石英闪长岩、花岗闪长岩等I型为主;晚期(235~185 Ma)以花岗闪长岩、二长花岗岩为主,显示I,I-A和A型花岗岩的演化特点,并出现环斑结构花岗岩.秦岭早中生代花岗质岩石的年龄和主要地球化学指标(如A/CNK、K2O/Na2O和εNd(t))显示,垂直俯冲-碰撞带方向没有极性变化,因此,不宜用俯冲解释全部花岗岩,而解释为形成于勉略洋俯冲到闭合—扬子克拉通与秦岭地块碰撞环境.晚中生代花岗质岩浆作用也可分为160~130和120~100 Ma两个阶段,显示从I型—I-A过渡型—A型的演变趋势,与中国东部侏罗纪与白垩纪之交的挤压向伸展转变的花岗质岩浆演化趋势一致,可能属于同一环太平洋岩浆带,与古太平洋俯冲的远程陆缘或陆内效应有关. 相似文献
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华南中生代构造-岩浆活动研究：现状与前景 总被引：10，自引：0，他引：10
华南陆块是由华夏地块和扬子克拉通在新元古代早期碰撞拼贴形成,在古生代时期其北侧、西侧和南侧受到古特提斯洋消失的影响,在晚古生代末期在南、北两侧分别与印支陆块和华北陆块发生碰撞形成现今中国大陆东部的基本格架,自中生代起受到太平洋板块向西俯冲的影响．因此,华南陆块经历了三大构造体系的作用,产生了叠加复合型构造样式．华南与周边地区有关中生代地质的对比研究表明,尽管华南陆块中生代紧邻西太平洋俯冲带,但东缘尚未发现有新生的弧型地壳,华南中生代地质特征主体表现为吉大陆边缘再造至陆内构造,缺乏洋岛玄武岩和大陆弧安山岩．研究华南中生代构造．岩浆活动的重点,是确定华南中生代岩浆岩的时空展布和构造演化．本文通过总结华南具有挤压．伸展构造转换的三条结合带的岩浆岩记录,结合构造变形和深部地球物理资料,试图推动华南地质研究,使其成为发展板块构造理论的典型靶区． 相似文献
9.
《中国科学:地球科学》2021,(9)
华北克拉通在中生代发生强烈的破坏作用,诱发强烈的岩浆、构造、热事件,同时形成金等金属矿床.然而,克拉通破坏如何控制巨量金等金属矿床的形成与分布尚不十分清楚.本文基于已发表大量资料和科技部重点研发专项项目研究成果,系统总结了华北东部中生代岩浆岩岩石组合、年代学、地球化学和岩石成因、金等金属矿床成矿年代学、中生代盆地演化等最新资料,恢复了华北东部中-新生代盆地伸展量和郯庐断裂的左行走滑位移距离,确定了不同地质历史时期古太平洋板块俯冲带的位置,重新构建了华北东部中生代金等金属矿床和岩浆活动的时空分布规律,并发现早中侏罗世期间,岩浆-成矿作用由东向西逐渐迁移,而160～140Ma之后则由西向东迁移,论证了华北东部中生代金等金属成矿与岩浆岩成岩之间的成因关系,岩浆为金属矿床的形成提供了部分物源和成矿流体,阐明克拉通破坏与巨量岩浆-成矿作用的深部动力学机制,提出侏罗纪期间华北受到古太平洋板块向西低角度俯冲,不仅在华北东部(乃至中国东部)形成了类似于南美安第斯型富含斑岩铜矿的大陆岩浆弧,而且俯冲带流体交代地幔楔为早白垩世热液成矿奠定了物质基础.在早白垩世时期,古太平洋板块俯冲角度由低变高,俯冲板块和俯冲带发生后撤,使华北克拉通东部发生强烈破坏,并形成巨量岩浆和金等金属矿床. 相似文献
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南海东北部陆缘是研究南海深部结构、构造演化与动力学机制的关键区域。鉴于该区磁测数据受低磁纬度斜磁化和剩磁影响,本文采用等效源技术与磁异常模量反演相结合的策略,基于实测磁异常进行三维磁性结构反演。反演结果显示,区内具有显著的南北分块,东西分带的构造分区特点,磁性体的延展方向表现为东西向、北东向和北西向三组,与区内的主要构造方向一致。陆缘区高值磁异常带与其南侧的磁静区磁性反演特征存在明显差异,前者表现为沿北东向延伸的强磁性体,其平面展布范围约500km*60km,深度超过25km,结合最新的地球物理研究成果,认为可能与板块俯冲有关的地壳深部岩浆底侵活动密切相关。后者表现为浅部呈东西条带状展布的弱磁性体,而其深部下地壳及上地幔顶部为宽缓的磁性层,显示出类似于洋壳的磁性结构,推测可能与古洋壳有关。 相似文献
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Differential exhumation of tectonic units and ultrahigh-pressure metamorphic rocks in the Dabie Mountains, China 总被引：9，自引：0，他引：9
A model involving buoyancy, wedging and thermal doming is postulated to explain the differential exhumation of ultrahigh-pressure (UHP) metamorphic rocks in the Dabie Mountains, China, with an emphasis on the exhumation of the UHP rocks from the base of the crust to the upper crust by opposite wedging of the North China Block (NCB). The Yangtze Block was subducted northward under the NCB and Northern Dabie microblock, forming UHP metamorphic rocks in the Triassic (240–220 Ma). After delamination of the subduction wedge, the UHP rocks were exhumed rapidly to the base of the crust by buoyancy (220–200 Ma). Subsequently, when the left-lateral Tan–Lu transform fault began to be activated, continuous north–south compression and uplifting of the orogen forced the NCB to be subducted southward under the Dabie Orogen (`opposite subduction'). Opposite subduction and wedging of the North China continental crust is responsible for the rapid exhumation of the UHP and South Dabie Block units during the Early Jurassic, at ca 200–180 Ma at a rate of ∼ 3.0 mm/year. The UHP eclogite suffered retrograde metamorphism to greenschist facies. Rapid exhumation of the North Dabie Block (NDB) occurred during 135–120 Ma because of thermal doming and granitoid formation during extension of continental margin of the Eurasia. Amphibolite facies rocks from NDB suffered retrograde metamorphism to greenschist facies. Different unit(s) and terrane(s) were welded together by granites and the wedging ceased. Since 120–110 Ma, slow uplift of the entire Dabie terrane is caused by gravitational equilibrium. 相似文献
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西太平洋地壳年龄较老,因而岩石层较冷和比重较大,俯冲带的角度也较大,活动和成熟的弧后盆地则较多;条件与之相反的东太平洋弧后盆地则较少.本文探讨这种相关关系的力学成因,计算了俯冲板块诱生的弧后上涌地幔流动.计算表明,俯冲角度大及存在后撤俯冲时,有利于在弧后地区产生明显的上涌地幔流,这种深部热物质的上涌会导致弧后扩张.反之,年龄较轻的海洋地块较热和较轻,俯冲角度一般也较小,不易诱生上涌地幔物质流动和弧后扩张.大陆地壳密度小于地幔物质,大陆碰撞区就更不具备弧后扩张的条件. 相似文献
13.
The occurrence of ultrahigh pressure (UHP) minerals, such as coesite and diamond in crustal rocks in orogenic belts suggests that a huge amount of continental crust can be subducted to man-tle depth during the continental-continental collision[1—6]. This… 相似文献
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本文通过面波层析成像得到了中国东部海域及邻近地区的地壳上地幔S波速度图像,给出了主要构造单元的区划及其结构特征,并讨论了速度结构与现今构造活动及构造演化历史的关系.研究区内中下地壳的平均速度与地震活动存在比较显著的关系,强震基本都发生在低速区内或高低速过渡区.太行山以东地壳内存在几条北西向低速带,其中张家口—渤海地震带下方的低速带最为显著.东部海域划分成北黄海、南黄海、东海、和冲绳海槽等4个构造块体.北黄海具有较薄较高速的岩石圈,与南华北盆地类似,推测是中生代特提斯洋向北俯冲造成岩石圈减薄的遗迹.北华北地区具有低速的地壳和较厚的岩石圈,岩石圈地幔速度偏低且上下比较均匀,可能反映中生代沿北方缝合带持续碰撞作用的特点.南黄海具有相对较厚的岩石圈,较多地保存了下扬子克拉通的特征.在下扬子与华北地块的拼合过程中,洋壳俯冲可能是北黄海和苏皖地区上地幔低速特征的成因.在125°E以东的朝鲜半岛地区未发现这一拼合过程的遗迹.有可能整个朝鲜半岛都是华北地块的一部分;但也有可能是太平洋俯冲和日本海张开的作用完全改造了朝鲜半岛的岩石圈上地幔,抹去了以往构造运动的痕迹.东海地区的地壳厚度,特别是岩石圈厚度向冲绳海槽方向减小,反映出菲律宾海板块俯冲在弧后广大地区都有影响.冲绳海槽地区可见俯冲的菲律宾海板片以及板片上方显著低速的地壳和上地幔,为冲绳海槽的弧后扩张机制提供了证据. 相似文献
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Major element and trace element compositions, and Sr, Nd and Pb isotopic compositions for postcollisional granites from the Laoshan granitic complex, in the eastern side of the Triassic suture between the South China and North China tectonic blocks were determined. The granites are alkaline, A‐type and can be further classified as A1 granites. The trace element composition of these granites is transitional between those of oceanic island basalt and enriched mid‐oceanic ridge basalt, with depletions in Ba, Sr, P, and Ti that can be ascribed to mineral fractionation and enrichments in Cs, Rb, Th and U possibly resulted from the involvement of slab fluids. The isotopic signature of Laoshan granites represent a mixture between an enriched mantle type 1 (EMI)‐like end‐member and lower continental crust (LCC). We propose that the magmas that formed the Laoshan A1 granites are a mixture between those derived from the EMI‐like delaminated eclogitic rocks (subsequently enriched by fluids released from Mesozoic Pacific subducted slab) and those derived from the LCC, which consists of granulites or metamorphic residues from the prior generation of I‐type granites in the region. The mixed magmas then experienced a strongly alkali feldspar‐dominated fractionation prior to their emplacements as A‐type granites in the Laoshan granitic complex. 相似文献
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内蒙古锡林浩特I型花岗岩的时代及构造意义 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
在内蒙古锡林浩特水库地区出露的花岗岩确定为I型花岗岩,具有较高的Cr、Co、Ni丰度。Ca、Al含量和N2O／K2O比值较高,Fe、Mg含量较低。微量元素蛛网图中显示出明显的Nb、Ta、P、Ti负异常。在SiO2-K2O及AFM图中,花岗质岩石投在钙碱性系列区;在构造环境判别图中,花岗质岩石样品都投在火山弧＋同碰撞花岗岩区。锆石测年结果显示平均年龄为317．0±4．0Ma,属晚石炭世。这套晚石炭世岛弧花岗岩的存在,表明加里东期古亚洲洋并未完全关闭,晚石炭世时仍然存在洋壳的俯冲消减事件。从区域上看,是北侧的贺根山洋盆向南俯冲的结果。 相似文献
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本文讨论了桐柏山-大别山的地质构造特征。对该区三个地体进行了研究,指出:南部随州-广济高压浅变质地体具有俯冲杂岩性质;北部北淮阳高压浅变质地体中、西段具有俯冲杂岩性质,东段具有构造混杂岩特征;中部桐柏-大别山地体早期是洋盆中的大陆地壳残块,后期演化成岛弧。在加里东或海西-印支时期三地体先后碰撞造山。随州-广济地体和北淮阳地体分别向北、向南逆掩或推覆到桐柏-大别地体之上 相似文献
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Di-Cheng Zhu Zhi-Dan Zhao Yaoling Niu Xuan-Xue Mo Sun-Lin Chung Zeng-Qian Hou Li-Quan Wang Fu-Yuan Wu 《Earth and Planetary Science Letters》2011,301(1-2):241-255
The Lhasa Terrane in southern Tibet has long been accepted as the last geological block accreted to Eurasia before its collision with the northward drifting Indian continent in the Cenozoic, but its lithospheric architecture, drift and growth histories and the nature of its northern suture with Eurasia via the Qiangtang Terrane remain enigmatic. Using zircon in situ U–Pb and Lu–Hf isotopic and bulk-rock geochemical data of Mesozoic–Early Tertiary magmatic rocks sampled along four north–south traverses across the Lhasa Terrane, we show that the Lhasa Terrane has ancient basement rocks of Proterozoic and Archean ages (up to 2870 Ma) in its centre with younger and juvenile crust (Phanerozoic) accreted towards its both northern and southern edges. This finding proves that the central Lhasa subterrane was once a microcontinent. This continent has survived from its long journey across the Paleo-Tethyan Ocean basins and has grown at the edges through magmatism resulting from oceanic lithosphere subduction towards beneath it during its journey and subsequent collisions with the Qiangtang Terrane to the north and with the Indian continent to the south. Zircon Hf isotope data indicate significant mantle source contributions to the generation of these granitoid rocks (e.g., ~ 50–90%, 0–70%, and 30–100% to the Mesozoic magmatism in the southern, central, and northern Lhasa subterranes, respectively). We suggest that much of the Mesozoic magmatism in the Lhasa Terrane may be associated with the southward Bangong–Nujiang Tethyan seafloor subduction beneath the Lhasa Terrane, which likely began in the Middle Permian (or earlier) and ceased in the late Early Cretaceous, and that the significant changes of zircon εHf(t) at ~ 113 and ~ 52 Ma record tectonomagmatic activities as a result of slab break-off and related mantle melting events following the Qiangtang–Lhasa amalgamation and India–Lhasa amalgamation, respectively. These results manifest the efficacy of zircons as a chronometer (U–Pb dating) and a geochemical tracer (Hf isotopes) in understanding the origin and histories of lithospheric plates and in revealing the tectonic evolution of old orogenies in the context of plate tectonics. 相似文献
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LU Fengxiang WANG Chunyang & ZHENG JianpingFaculty of Earth Sciences China University of Geosciences Wuhan China Correspondence should be addressed to Lu Fengxiang 《中国科学D辑(英文版)》2004,47(1)
Swarms of mafic-intermediate volcaniclastic bodies occur in the Minggang region of Henan Province, a tectonic boundary between the North Qinling and the North China Block, and emplaced at (178.31±3.77) Ma. These volcanic rocks are subalkaline basaltic andesites and contain abundance of lower crust and mantle xenoliths. Thus this area is an ideal place to reveal the lithospheric composition and structure beneath the northern margin of the Qinling orogenic belt. Geochemical data indicate that these mafic granulites, eclogites and metagabbros have trace elemental and Pb isotopic characteristics very similar to those rocks from the South Qinling Block, representing the lower part of lower crust of the South Qinling which subducted beneath the North China Block. Talcic peridotites represent the overlying mantle wedge materials of the North China Block, which underwent the metasomatism of the acidic melt/fluid released from the underlying lower crust of the South Qinling Block. Deep tectonic model proposed i 相似文献
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While postulated causes of initial subduction and trench formation include underthrusting, controls on its location and age have not been determined. Consideration of the age of subduction zones bordering five collisional orogens suggests that subduction may have been initiated by foreland thrusts and back-thrusts. Foreland thrusts develop within a continental foreland on the subducting plate mostly within 50 my of collision with an arc system; where the foreland is narrow the thrusts may intersect the continent-ocean crust boundary. Back-thrusts develop in the fore-arc or back-arc area on the overriding plate within 10 to 20 my of collision, and can result in tectonic burial of the magmatic arc; where the arc system is oceanic the back-thrusts may intersect the arc-ocean crust boundary. Possible examples of subduction initiated by foreland thrusts are the start of subduction in the late Jurassic beneath the northern Sunda Arc, and at the end-Miocene in the Negros Trench. Examples of back-thrusts which have initiated or may initiate subduction are the late Cenozoic eastward translation of Taiwan over the Philippine Sea plate, the incipient southward subduction of the Banda Sea beneath Timor, and the W-dipping back-thrust comprising the Highland Boundary Fault zone and postulated early Ordovician thrusts to the SE in Scotland. The suggested relationship of subduction to collision helps to explain the persistence of Wilson cycles in the still-active late Mesozoic to Cenozoic orogenic belts and implies that orogeny will cease only with collision between major continents. 相似文献