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1.
汕头－吕宋岛岩石圈速度结构与震源构造──台湾浅滩7．3级地震构造之一 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
汕头－吕宋岛岩石圈速度结构剖面，划分出华南陆缘古生代陆壳、陆架区晚古生代－中生代陆壳、陆坡带中生代－早第三纪过渡壳、新生代南海海盆洋壳及吕宋岛中生代－新生代岛弧陆壳与东吕宋海槽洋壳等地壳构造组分，并确定了上述地壳构造之间的边界断裂构造及其性质。结合地震震源分布及机制，初步确定了华南陆架盆岭构造带北、南两侧地震构造的控震构造与发震构造性质及其震源力学特征；１）指出１９９４年９月１６日台湾浅滩７．３级地震属于板缘壳幔地震及造成一千公里有感范围的原因；２）马尼拉海沟的海底地堑构造与南海海盆岩石圈地幔上隆是马尼拉海沟俯冲带震源显示正断层性质的原因，且为被动的或转换俯冲带；３）东吕宋海槽仍属于菲律宾海俯冲带性质；吕宋岛东西两侧俯冲带岩石圈板片震源深度的准三层分布，可能表明俯冲带岩石圈板片存在相应的低速滑移层。 相似文献
2.
针对太平洋大型横波低速带(Large Low Shear Velocity Province, 简写为LLSVP)东部边界的D″各向异性强度的问题, 利用中美洲和南美洲部分台站的地震记录, 通过对SKS和SKKS震相进行横波分裂分析, 得到22个SKS-SKKS震相对的横波分裂结果, 其中有6个震相对存在显著差异. 对比分析震相对的横波分裂结果差异, 可以保守地估计D″各向异性. 横波分裂结果显示, 地幔最下部存在各向异性; 对D″各向异性成因的分析结果认为, 如果LLSVP边界上的地幔最下部物质存在变形以及内部存在小尺度的非均匀体, 则有助于解释这些观测, 但是本文在LLSVP边界上并没有看到大量的有差异震相对聚集. 结合前人的观测研究推测, 该研究区域下方的LLSVP及其周围地幔的边界可能不是很陡峭, 边界附近没有积累强烈的变形, 并在此基础上讨论了地幔最下部各向异性结构的研究意义. 相似文献
3.
西太平洋地区板块间相互作用强烈,热演化和构造演化过程复杂.为了揭示构造相互作用对岩石圈强度的影响,本文使用自由空气重力异常模型WGM2012和地形模型ETOPO1,基于小波变换的导纳法计算得到了该地区的岩石圈有效弹性厚度(Te).西太平洋区域的Te主要分布在5～85 km之间,南海等张裂环境地区Te普遍小于20 km,俯冲带附近Te一般大于80 km,与俯冲板片年龄呈正相关.参照平板冷却模型,弹性岩石圈底界面主要分布在200～500 ℃等温面之间,随洋壳年龄增大逐渐趋于平稳,热点及年轻洋壳部分地区弹性岩石圈底界面处于200℃等温面之上.西太平洋海山与年轻海盆等区域Te与居里点深度一般呈正相关,与地表热流一般呈负相关,但由于强烈的构造运动、热液循环、岩浆活动、地幔流变性等因素的影响,整体Te与居里点深度和地表热流所反映的岩石圈热结构相关性不高. 相似文献
4.
《地球物理学进展》1991,(2)
西北太平洋盆地古岩石圈(约110百万年)的地震折射研究,对地壳和上地幔地震结构及岩石圈的老化过程施加了一些限制。应用强有力的振幅模拟技术发现,除了地幔速度的方位各向异性外,地幔结构没有明显的横向变化。而所观测到的各向异性和预测的情况相反,这说明了这一地区的构造背景比原来想象的要复杂。古洋壳的上地壳速度普遍大于年轻洋壳的上地壳速度,这一点支持了目前认为的地壳孔隙度随年龄而降低的理论。然而,没有迹象表明洋壳随年龄有明显地变厚及下地壳层的速度比层3的高或低,纵波和横波速度排除了地幔主要由蛇纹岩化物质组成的这一可能性。唯一表明橄榄石辉长岩地壳底层迹象的是1.5km厚的莫霍(Mobo)转换带。在速度较慢的各向异性那个方向上,莫霍面以下15km的地幔速度从8.0km/s增加到8.35km/s。该速度增加与均匀的上地幔模型是不一致的,并说明了莫霍面附近的组分发生不均匀变化或相变。 相似文献
5.
贝加尔裂谷区地壳上地幔复杂的各向异性及其动力学意义 总被引：1，自引：3，他引：1
位于西伯利亚板块东南缘的贝加尔裂谷是最典型的大陆裂谷之一,其形成的动力机制与演化过程一直是地学界争论的焦点.本研究使用一种改进的横波分裂测量方法——全局最小切向能量法,对研究区宽频带固定台站ULN和TLY记录的SKS震相和接收函数PmS震相进行分裂测量,得到了裂谷地区地壳和上地幔的各向异性属性.ULN台的SKS分裂测量结果表明,台站下方存在双层各向异性结构,其中,上层的快波偏振方向为N74°E,快、慢波分裂时差为0.80 s,下层的快波偏振方向为N128°E,快、慢波分裂时差为0.80 s;PmS震相分裂测量结果表明,台站下方地壳内存在单层各向异性结构,其快波偏振方向为N77°E,与SKS分裂测量的上层各向异性的快波偏振方向相近,快、慢波分裂时差为0.26 s,这说明SKS分裂测量的上层各向异性同时包含了地壳和地幔岩石圈.对TLY台进行SKS分裂测量时发现,台站下方上地幔结构表现出横向非均匀性:当反方位角<90°时,快波偏振方向在N60°E左右,快、慢波分裂时差为1.27 s;当反方位角>90°时,快波偏振方向约为N120°E,快、慢波分裂时差为1.40 s;PmS震相分裂测量没有获得有效的结果,并且不同方位的PmS震相到时基本一致,说明TLY台下方地壳结构接近各向同性.根据分裂测量结果,结合贝加尔裂谷区的构造演化过程,得到以下结论:(1)ULN台双层各向异性的上层主要是岩石圈原始结构的反映,并且存在地壳与地幔岩石圈的一致性形变,而下层指示着现今软流圈地幔的流动;(2)由于刚性的西伯利亚克拉通的阻挡,地幔流动方向在克拉通南缘发生了偏转,在深部绕克拉通边缘流动,因此形成了TLY台下方上地幔结构的横向变化. 相似文献
6.
中国大陆及邻区位于欧亚大陆东南部,4个重要的板块强烈交互作用,东部受到太平洋板块和菲律宾海板块的俯冲作用,西部受到印度板块的碰撞作用,形成了诸多俯冲带、造山带及数千千米的大陆离散变形带。因此,中国大陆及邻区是开展地球动力学研究的天然实验室。提高对岩石圈和软流圈变形特征的认识对理解中国大陆及邻区的动力学含义具有重要意义。本研究将通过联合地表变形场和地幔变形场来分析中国大陆及邻区的岩石圈壳幔耦合程度和软流圈的地幔流特征。本研究收集了位于中国大陆及邻区的宽频带固定和流动地震台(共1 800个台)记录的XKS(SKS,SKKS,PKS)波形资料,采用最小切向能量的网格搜索和叠加分析方法测量了每个台站的各向异性参数,即快波偏振方向和快、慢波时间延迟,并利用他人在区域内的993个宽频带地震台站得到的横波分裂参数,一起组成表征地幔变形场的数据集;并利用发表的约3 600个GPS和断裂第四纪滑动速率测量数据,采用连续样条函数方法求取了中国大陆及邻区的地表连续变形场(速度场和应变率场)。根据应变率分布和岩石圈构造特征,按照高应变率和厚岩石圈区域采取岩石圈变形模式分析,定量求取和确定每个测点的岩石圈变形类型(左旋简单剪切、右旋简单剪切和纯剪切变形),通过预测的横波分裂参数与实测参数的对比来确定岩石圈壳幔力学耦合程度。研究结果表明,大部分地区符合垂直连贯变形模式,属于壳幔耦合特征,如青藏高原、天山造山带、阿尔泰造山带、台湾造山带、琉球岛弧等构造单元,但在印度板块和欧亚板块陆-陆碰撞带——喜马拉雅碰撞带、日本和稳定的四川盆地、塔里木盆地等区域,可能由于板块俯冲导致的复杂构造变形或一种古老的"化石"各向异性并不符合垂直连贯变形模式。在低应变率和薄岩石圈区域采用简单软流圈变形模式分析,假设各向异性是由于岩石圈底部和软流圈之间的运动速度差异引起的。基于预测的地幔流和地表速度场模拟的快波方向与XKS波分裂快波方向之间的比较,通过迭代反演确定了最佳地幔流。研究结果显示,长白山火山活动区将中国东部下面软流圈地幔流分成两部分,北部顺时针旋转的地幔流向东运动,指向东方的太平洋俯冲带,而南部顺时针旋转的地幔流自北向南由向南运动变化到向西南运动,指向西南的缅甸俯冲带和巽达俯冲带。长白山火山活动区下的热地幔上涌使得中国东部软流圈地幔流分成流动方向相反的两部分,北部的顺时针旋转的地幔流向东运动,而南部的顺时针旋转的地幔流自北向南,由向南运动到向西南运动。而在蒙古地区拟合的最佳软流圈地幔流为顺时针旋转的地幔涡流,其形成可能与太平洋板片俯冲、后撤/回转,以及巨厚岩石圈的西伯利亚克拉通的几何形态相关。东亚地区的太平洋板片、巽达板片和缅甸板片的俯冲作用和后撤/回转作用导致了中国大陆及邻区顺时针旋转的软流圈地幔流,使得与岩石圈底部产生了一个水平差异运动,在软流圈中产生一个与简单剪切一致的变形结构,进而形成了研究区所观测到的各向异性。 相似文献
7.
俯冲过程是板块构造运动的核心过程,而地幔楔作为俯冲系统中连接俯冲盘和仰冲盘的关键构造单元,在地球层圈之间物质循环和能量交换等方面发挥了重要作用.本研究汇总了全球代表性俯冲带橄榄岩(包括俯冲带型蛇绿岩和地幔楔型造山带橄榄岩)的研究现状,并展望未来需要解决的关键科学问题.俯冲带型蛇绿岩地幔单元和地幔楔型造山带橄榄岩分别代表着大洋和大陆俯冲带侵位的地幔岩石,是研究俯冲带壳幔相互作用的关键对象.该相互作用的本质是俯冲板片和地幔楔之间在物理过程主控下发生复杂的化学交换作用.俯冲带型蛇绿岩能够记录从大洋岩石圈产生到俯冲启动直至成熟到消亡等不同阶段复杂的熔-岩和水-岩相互作用、变形变质过程、金属成矿元素富集以及壳幔物质交换等.地幔楔型造山带橄榄岩则反映洋-陆和陆-陆俯冲/碰撞、折返等阶段强烈的变形变质历史,多种性质的熔/流体交代作用(硅酸盐熔体、碳酸盐熔体、含硅酸盐组分的C-H-O流体/超临界流体),以及复杂的壳幔物质循环过程等.利用俯冲带橄榄岩进一步探索壳幔相互作用,需要采用高空间分辨率、高精度的测试方法从微观尺度上约束复杂的化学交代过程和变质变形历史,并与宏观构造的时、空演化相联系. 相似文献
8.
中国东北地区广泛发育新生代板内火山,晚中生代以来岩石圈遭受过多期拉张作用.作为中国唯一的深震孕育区,中国东北地区受到太平洋板块的西向俯冲,使得其成为研究岩石圈变形、板块俯冲和板内火山成因及其相互作用关系的天然实验室.通过分析架设在中国东北地区北部的147个流动和固定台站的SKS波形数据,共计得到了377对各向异性参数和251个无效分裂结果.结果表明,中国东北地区东西两侧具有不同的各向异性分布:西部地区各向异性方向变化范围为N143-199°E,平均N169°E,与晚中生代岩石圈伸展方向一致;其各向异性延迟时间平均值约为0.8s,说明来自地幔的各向异性比较微弱,主要由残留在岩石圈中的古老变形所引起.同时,在松辽盆地和佳木斯地块部分区域,观测到延迟时间较小的各向异性(~0.4s),可能是由于岩石圈的拆沉和热地幔物质的上涌侵蚀了保留在岩石圈的古老形变所致.在研究区东部,NNW-SSE朝向的各向异性被观测到,并伴随较大的延迟时间(大于1.0s),可能与太平洋板块撕裂回撤而产生的地幔流动有关.此外,近W-E方向的各向异性只在佳木斯地块被观测到,而太平洋板块在地幔过渡带中的俯冲可能是其产生的主要成因. 相似文献
9.
当前受国内外地学界广泛关注的秦岭印支造山带，其前身是地球自转速度缓慢变化过程中派生的纬向剪切力和重力共同作用下，于惯性力最大的上地壳所产生的受东西向走滑正断层控制的盆\|山系,而不是洋壳俯冲形成的沟\|弧\|盆系；其造山机制是南秦岭断陷盆地上地壳底部刚硬的结晶基底，对北秦岭断隆山软弱的中地壳塑性层俯冲所造成的壳内冲叠造山带，而不是整个岩石圈对软流层俯冲导生的板块碰撞造山带；其动力是212 Ma前发生于加拿大安大略省直径100 km撞击坑的陨击事件，促使地球自转速度急剧变慢所派生的由南向北的强烈挤压作用，而不是地幔对流带动板块漂移碰撞；其超高压变质带是壳内俯冲动力作用所致，而不是陆壳俯冲到100 km以深温压环境的产物；其立交桥式构造，是异常地幔响应了地壳上部新产生的不同方向的中\|新生代断陷盆地引起的重力失衡作用的结果，而不是地幔柱主动隆升造成与原来东西向造山带的非耦合关系. 相似文献
10.
晚中生代以来,华南地区同时受到印度—欧亚板块碰撞和太平洋—菲律宾板块俯冲及后撤作用的影响,壳幔结构复杂.深入了解华南地区深部地幔流模式和地幔各向异性特征是认识华南复杂的深部构造演化过程与动力学机制的基础.本文采用三维全球地幔对流模型,从软流圈剪切变形的角度计算了软流圈的各向异性,尝试探讨了华南地区各向异性的起源和深部地幔流特征.华南地块东部,软流圈各向异性呈NW-SE向,各向异性主要来源于软流圈,壳幔具有垂直连贯的变形特征;南北构造带的中段,软流圈各向异性大致为N-S向,这一区域的造山作用虽然对岩石圈造成了巨大变形,但是并未显著影响软流圈变形,并且各向异性的主要来源可能是岩石圈地幔;在南北构造带中,30°N可能是地幔各向异性的过渡带,30°N以南的川滇地区,软流圈各向异性的方向出现了环形特征;菲律宾板块向欧亚板块下的俯冲到达地幔转换带,这种俯冲可能带动了西太平洋地幔向华南块体下的流动;华南地区的软流圈流场自西向东显示出顺时针旋转的特征,并在扬子板块东部与来自菲律宾板块下的西南向的地幔流相遇. 相似文献
11.
According to the experimental studies on the rheology of two important mantle rocks (eclogite and harzburgite), the rheological properties of the deep subducted oceanic lithosphere are investigated by assuming a simplified harzburgite type slab model with moderate thickness of basaltic layer. When the mantle convergence rate is small or the subducting slab has been trapped in the mantle for an enough long time, the strength profile of the slab is characterized by a strong subducting crustal component lying on a weak subducting upper mantle. However, if the convergence rate is large enough, the subducting slab will be featured only by a rigid cold center. Our study suggests that the detachment of the subducting crust component from the underlying upper mantle is only likely to happen in hot slow subducting slabs, but not the cold fast subducting lithosphere. Rheological properties of the harzburgitic and the eclogitic upper mantle vary with depths. The eclogitic upper mantle is stronger than the peridotitic upper mantle across the upper mantle. Transition zone is the high strength and high viscosity layer in the upper mantle except the lithosphere. 相似文献
12.
David Boutelier Alexandre Chemenda Cedric Jorand 《Earth and Planetary Science Letters》2004,222(1):209-216
Thermo-mechanical physical modelling of continental subduction is performed to investigate the exhumation of deeply subducted continental crust. The model consists of two lithospheric plates made of new temperature sensitive analogue materials. The lithosphere is underlain by liquid asthenosphere. The continental lithosphere contains three layers: the weak sedimentary layer, the crust made of a stronger material, and of a still stronger lithospheric mantle. The whole model is subjected to a constant vertical thermal gradient, causing the strength reduction with depth in each lithospheric layer. Subduction is driven by both push force and pull force. During subduction, the subducting lithosphere is heating and the strength of its layers reduces. The weakening continental crust reaches maximal depth of about 120 km and cannot subduct deeper because its frontal part starts to flow up. The subducted crust undergoes complex deformation, including indicated upward ductile flow of the most deeply subducted portions and localised failure of the subducted upper crust at about 50-km depth. This failure results in the formation of the first crustal slice which rises up between the plates under the buoyancy force. This process is accompanied by the delamination of the crustal and mantle layers of the subducting lithosphere. The delamination front propagates upwards into the interplate zone resulting in the formation of two other crustal slices that also rise up between the plates. Average equivalent exhumation rate of the crustal material during delamination is about 1 cm/year. The crust-asthenosphere boundary near the interplate zone is uplifted. The subducted mantle layer then breaks off, removing the pull force and thereby stopping the delamination and increasing horizontal compression of the lithosphere. The latter produces shortening of the formed orogen and the growth of relief. The modelling reveals an interesting burial/exhumation evolution of the sedimentary cover. During initial stages of continental subduction the sediments of the continental margin are dragged to the overriding plate base and are partially accreted at the deep part of the interplate zone (at 60-70 km-depth). These sediments remain there until the beginning of delamination during which the pressure between the subducted crust and the overriding plate increases. This results in squeezing the underplated sediments out. Part of them is extruded upwards along the interplate zone to about 30-km depth at an equivalent rate of 5-10 cm/year. 相似文献
13.
The seismogenic zone of subduction thrust faults 总被引：13，自引：0，他引：13
Abstract Subduction thrust faults generate earthquakes over a limited depth range. They are aseismic in their seaward updip portions and landward downdip of a critical point. The seaward shallow aseismic zone, commonly beneath accreted sediments, may be a consequence of unconsolidated sediments, especially stable-sliding smectite clays. Such clays are dehydrated and the fault may become seismogenic where the temperature reaches 100--150°C, that is, at a 5--15 km depth. Two factors may determine the downdip seismogenic limit. For subduction of young hot oceanic lithosphere beneath large accretionary sedimentary prisms and beneath continental crust, the transition to aseismic stable sliding is temperature controlled. The maximum temperature for seismic behavior in crustal rocks is ～ 350°C, regardless of the presence of water. In addition, great earthquake ruptures initiated at less than this temperature may propagate with decreasing slip to where the temperature is ～ 450°C. For subduction beneath thin island arc crust and beneath continental crust in some areas, the forearc mantle is reached by the thrust shallower than the 350°C temperature. The forearc upper mantle probably is aseismic because of stable-sliding serpentinite hydrated by water from the underthrusting oceanic crust and sediments. For many subduction zones the downdip seismogenic width defined by these limits is much less than previously assumed. Within the narrowly defined seismic zone, most of the convergence may occur in earthquakes. Numerical thermal models have been employed to estimate temperatures on the subduction thrust planes of four continental subduction zones. For Cascadia and Southwest Japan where very young and hot plates are subducting, the downdip seismogenic limit on the subduction thrust is thermally controlled and is shallow. For Alaska and most of Chile, the forearc mantle is reached before the critical temperature, and mantle serpentinite provides the limit. In all four regions, the seismogenic zones so defined agree with estimates of the extent of great earthquake rupture, and with the downdip extent of the interseismic locked zone. 相似文献
14.
几乎所有大陆岩石层的减薄现象,可能都与海洋板块的俯冲作用相关,但是两者之间的内在联系迄今仍不十分明确,为此,我们设计了一系列包含洋-陆俯冲系统的二维数值模型,来探讨海洋板块的俯冲作用对上覆大陆岩石层变形行为的影响,尤其对大陆岩石层减薄效应的制约.模型结果表明,海洋板块俯冲过程中的地幔楔熔体对大陆岩石层地幔的热侵蚀以及由熔体上升所诱发的地幔局部对流的强烈扰动会导致上覆大陆岩石层的减薄效应.这种效应不仅表现在横向上的向陆内蔓延,还表现在垂向上的向浅部发展.且多类动力学参数都能制约大陆岩石层的减薄效应.具体地,随着汇聚速率和洋壳厚度的增加,上覆大陆岩石层在横向上的减薄范围越大,在垂向上的减薄程度也越深;而随着俯冲海洋板块年龄的增加,上覆大陆岩石层在横向上的减薄范围增大,但在垂向上的减薄程度会减小;随着上覆大陆岩石层厚度的增加,其横向减薄范围会减小,但在垂向上的减薄程度会加深.本文研究成果能为揭示华北克拉通减薄/破坏的动力学过程提供一定的理论参考依据. 相似文献
15.
Thinning of the cratonic lithosphere is common in nature, but its destruction is not. In either case, the mechanisms for both thinning and destruction are still widely under debate. In this study, we have made a review on the processes and mechanisms of thinning and destruction of cratonic lithosphere according to previous studies of geological/geophysical observations and numerical simulations, with specific application to the North China Craton (NCC). Two main models are suggested for the thinning and destruction of the NCC, both of which are related to subduction of the oceanic lithosphere. One is the “bottom-up” model, in which the deeply subducting slab perturbs and induces upwelling from the hydrous mantle transition zone (MTZ). The upwelling produces mantle convection and erodes the bottom of the overriding lithosphere by the fluid-melt-peridotite reaction. Mineral compositions and rheological properties of the overriding lithospheric mantle are changed, allowing downward dripping of lithospheric components into the asthenosphere. Consequently, lithospheric thinning or even destruction occurs. The other is the “top-down” model, characterized by the flat subduction of oceanic slab beneath the overriding cratonic lithosphere. Dehydration reactions from the subducting slab would significantly hydrate the lithospheric mantle and decrease its rheological strength. Then the subduction angle may be changed from shallow to steep, inducing lateral upwelling of the asthenosphere. This upwelling would heat and weaken the overriding lithospheric mantle, which led to the weakened lithospheric mantle dripping into the asthenosphere. These two models have some similarities, in that both take the subducting oceanic slab and relevant fluid migration as the major driving mechanism for thinning or destruction of the overriding cratonic lithosphere. The key difference between the two models is the effective depth of the subducting oceanic slab. One is stagnation and flattening in the MTZ, whereas the other is flat subduction at the bottom of the cratonic lithosphere. In the NCC, the eastern lithosphere was likely affected by subduction of the Izanagi slab during the Mesozoic, which would have perturbed the asthenosphere and the MTZ, and induced fluid migration beneath the NCC lithosphere. The upwelling fluid may largely have controlled the reworking of the NCC lithosphere. In order to discuss and analyze these two models further, it is crucial to understand the role of fluids in the subduction zone and the MTZ. Here, we systematically discuss phase transformations of hydrous minerals and the transport processes of water in the subduction system. Furthermore, we analyze possible modes of fluid activity and the problems to explore the applied feasibility of each model. In order to achieve a comprehensive understanding of the mechanisms for thinning and destruction of cratonic lithosphere, we also consider four additional possible dynamic models: extension-induced lithospheric thinning, compression-induced lithospheric thickening and delamination, large-scale mantle convection and thermal erosion, and mantle plume erosion. Compared to the subduction-related models presented here, these four models are primarily controlled by the relatively simple and single process and mechanism (extension, compression, convection, and mantle plume, respectively), which could be the secondary driving mechanisms for the thinning and destruction of lithosphere. 相似文献
16.
Subduction is the core process of plate tectonics. The mantle wedge in subduction-zone systems represents a key tectonic unit, playing a significant role in material cycling and energy exchange between Earth's layers. This study summarizes research progresses in terms of subduction-related peridotite massifs, including supra-subduction zone(SSZ) ophiolites and mantle-wedge-type(MWT) orogenic peridotites. We also provide the relevant key scientific questions that need be solved in the future. The mantle sections of SSZ ophiolites and MWT orogenic peridotites represent the mantle fragments from oceanic and continental lithosphere in subduction zones, respectively. They are essential targets to study the crust-mantle interaction in subduction zones. The nature of this interaction is the complex chemical exchanges between the subducting slab and the mantle wedge under the major control of physical processes. The SSZ ophiolites can record melt/fluid-rock interaction, metamorphism,deformation, concentration of metallogenic elements and material exchange between crust and mantle, during the stages from the generation of oceanic lithosphere at spreading centers to the initiation, development, maturation and ending of oceanic subduction at continental margins. The MWT orogenic peridotites reveal the history of strong metamorphism and deformation during subduction, the multiple melt/fluid metasomatism(including silicatic melts, carbonatitic melts and silicate-bearing C-HO fluids/supercritical fluids), and the complex cycling of crust-mantle materials, during the subduction/collision and exhumation of continental plates. In order to further reveal the crust-mantle interaction using subduction-zone peridotites, it is necessary to utilize high-spatial-resolution and high-precision techniques to constrain the complex chemical metasomatism, metamorphism,deformation at micro scales, and to reveal their connections with spatial-temporal evolution in macro-scale tectonics. 相似文献
17.
南海处于欧亚板块、 菲律宾海板块、 太平洋板块和印度-澳大利亚板块的交汇处, 其地质和构造作用十分复杂．通过面波群速度成像, 给出了南海及邻区的三维横波速度分布并分析了其地球动力学意义．南海西部和南部新布设的地震台站使得利用单台法时路径覆盖比过去更好. 特别是在华南地区, 新的台站分布能够弥补该地区地震少且台站少造成的射线密度不够的缺点． 首先运用多重滤波法得到南海周边48个台站周期为14——130 s范围内的基阶瑞雷波频散曲线图; 接着通过子空间反演得到整个区域在不同周期时的群速度分布; 最后通过阻尼最小二乘反演得到不同深度切片上的横波速度分布及不同纵剖面上的横波速度分布． 结果显示: ① 海盆速度较高, 且速度分布很好地勾勒出海盆的轮廓. 浅层较高的横波速度说明海盆都具有洋壳性质, 而深部较高的横波速度则可能对应扩张中心生成洋壳后残留的高速物质． 不同海盆速度上的差异与它们的热流值和年龄大小一致．海盆下的高速异常在60 km以下消失, 且在一定深度范围内由低速区替代． 在低速区下200 km深度, 在南海海盆观测到一条NE-SW走向的高速异常, 可能与古俯冲带有关. ② 环南海出现明显的高速区, 对应俯冲带特征, 且这些高速区速度差异明显且有间断, 说明俯冲带的非均质性和俯冲角度的差异. ③ 在环南海高速区内侧（向南海侧）观测到不连续的低速区． 在浅层, 这些低速区反映了沉积层和地壳的厚度特征. 在地幔, 这些低速区可能对应于古太平洋俯冲带的地幔楔或者也可能反映了南海海盆停止扩张后残留的地幔熔融物质. ④ 南海海盆岩石圈的厚度为60——85 km． 相似文献
18.
观测的证据充分表明,印度——欧亚的缝合带雅鲁藏布江上存在自南向北的地壳俯冲带,它穿过莫霍面,深度大约达到100 km. 喜马拉雅中可能存在多重的地壳俯冲. 它们有别于海洋碰撞时所产生的整个岩石圈俯冲. 作者观测到雅鲁藏布江以北上地幔的板片构造,它可以解释为印度向欧亚俯冲时上地幔岩石圈的痕迹. 它们说明与洋——陆的俯冲不同,印度向欧亚俯冲时,地壳与上地幔岩石圈出现拆层现象. 综合现有的地壳上地幔构造,显示在不同地质年代中,印度与欧亚之间产生自南向北以及自北向南相反方向的俯冲,而且俯冲带周围出现某些速度异常区. 相似文献
19.
Ample observational evidence shows that there is a northward crustal subduction zone underneath the Yarlung Zangbo suture between India and Eurasia. It penetrates Moho to a depth of about 100 km. There are probably multiple such crustal subductions under the Himalayas. They are different from lithosphere subduction during oceanic collisions. The detected slabs in the upper mantle north of the Yarlung Zangbo suture can be interpreted as remains of the Indian Plate’s mantle lithosphere. In contrary to ocean-continent subduction, the mantle lithosphere is delaminated from the crust as the Indian Plate subducts underneath Eurasia. Existing structural images of the crust and upper mantle of the Tibetan Plateau reveal that there were both northward and southward subductions over different geological periods, causing some seismic velocity anomalies around those subduction zones. 相似文献