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1.
碎屑岩层序地层与成岩作用时空关系研究新进展 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
成岩作用与层序地层学在沉积地质学内是两个分支学科.文章叙述了碎屑岩层序地层与成岩作用关系,指出层序、准层序界面、海(湖)侵和最大湖泛面附近,及在低位体系域、海(湖)侵体系域、高位体系域等地层层序条件下,成岩作用包括成岩自生矿物的形成组合(如方解石、白云石、菱铁矿、黄铁矿、高岭石、海绿石、磁绿泥石)、假基质形成、机械粘土充填、粒间孔隙演变等均有明显差异.原因主要是由于层序地层控制成岩作用的类型与时空分布:①碎屑组分.包括沉积盆地内外碎屑组分类型与比例;②孔隙水化学条件;③有机质存在与作用;④特定地球化学条件下沉积物存在的时间;⑤古气候条件.层序地层与成岩作用时空关系模式,将层序地层界面、体系域与成岩作用、储层性质的演化有机地结合在一起,扩大了预测砂岩储层能力,使储层预测更具准确性和实用性. 相似文献
2.
库车凹陷克拉2气田深层优质储层成因及成岩作用模式 总被引：7，自引：1，他引：6
基于成岩作用的影响因素及库车盆地的实际,深入研究了克拉2气田次生孔隙发育段储层岩石成分特征及早期古气候条件下胶结物对于成岩作用及次生孔隙的影响,分析了地层压力系统中超高压带、构造裂缝、自生矿物分带的成因、作用、特点及其与储层物性、成岩环境的相关关系,评价了储层中长石、方解石的溶解,白云石对方解石的交代,压实、胶结等主要成岩作用类型对次生孔隙的具体影响和贡献,认为该区早期碱性成岩环境下方解石胶结物的溶解是形成该区次生孔隙发育带的主导因素,并根据该区自生矿物流体包裹体及埋藏史特征,建立了该区成岩作用及孔隙演化的模式。 相似文献
3.
该区储层岩石类型主要为岩屑质长石砂岩，溶解作用是主要的建设性成岩作用，压实、自生矿物充填和胶结作用是主要的破坏性成岩作用，成岩阶段处于晚成岩A亚期。该区储层较高的孔隙度是晚成岩期强烈的溶解作用形成次生溶孔的结果，而储层砂岩较低渗透率的主要成因机理是成岩期各种自生矿物的充填和胶结作用；此外，溶蚀作用形成的孤立、互不连通的粒间孔也是形成低渗微细喉道储层的主要原因。有利孔隙组合为粒间溶蚀孔-原生粒间孔-粒内破碎缝，有利储层的分布受砂体分布、构造配置及成岩作用的联合控制。 相似文献
4.
鄂尔多斯盆地白垩系粘土矿物的分布特征及其沉积-成岩环境意义 总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5
系统地分析了鄂尔多斯盆地白垩系粘土矿物的特征及其沉积、成岩环境意义。研究结果表明:白垩系砂岩、泥质岩的粘土矿物组合以I+C+I/S型、I+C型为主,具有高伊利石含量,较高绿泥石、伊/蒙混层矿物含量的粘土矿物组成特点;其中泥质岩粘土矿物主要为陆源碎屑成因,次为沉积成岩过程中形成的自生粘土矿物,而砂岩粘土矿物兼有陆源碎屑成因和沉积成岩过程自生成因的特征;白垩系沉积时气候总体特征为干旱—半干旱,但局部时段发生干—湿气候波动而处于短暂的湿热气候环境;白垩系沉积物源富含长石等硅酸盐矿物,沉积物质主要自北、南、西向盆地内部搬运沉积;白垩系沉积和埋藏成岩过程中水介质整体上具有盐度较高,偏碱性,富K+、Fe2+、Mg2+的特点,且总体上盆地南部水介质中的这些指标都高于北部。 相似文献
5.
相似的岩石组分决定了相似的成岩特征。但是，控制成岩自生矿物种类，顺序，相对含量和孔隙定化还有：（１）孔隙不地球化学性质；（２）埋深和地温梯度；和（３）沉积环境等，这些因素在区域上的判别成了区域上的成岩作用差异。其中具有不同孔隙水成因的局部水动力单元决定了区域上的成岩相类型和成岩相区的划分。 相似文献
6.
牛庄洼陷沙三中亚段浊积岩储层成岩作用及主控因素分析 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
东营凹陷牛庄洼陷沙三中亚段浊积岩储层以长石细砂岩、岩屑细砂岩及粉砂岩为主,结构成熟度及成分成熟度均较低.浊积岩样品的显微特征及成岩矿物的组合关系分析结果表明:该区的浊积岩储层目前主要处于晚成岩A期到B期的过渡阶段,成岩现象包括压实压溶作用、石英的次生加大作用、碳酸盐矿物胶结作用、溶解作用和粘土矿物转化作用等,这些作用过程受矿物与孔隙流体之间的相互作用控制.影响成岩作用的主要因素是岩石性质、沉积微相、水介质的性质、超压、高温以及烃类的早期注入. 相似文献
7.
准噶尔盆地西北缘二叠系碎屑岩储层成岩相与成岩演化研究 总被引：6，自引：0，他引：6
西北缘克百地区二叠系砂砾岩储层是准噶尔盆地最重要的油藏储集岩之一。运用偏光显微镜在对碎屑岩储层的成岩作用、自生矿物及孔隙特征详细观察的基础上,结合扫描电镜、孔渗测试及测井、录井资料的分析,对该区二叠系砂砾岩储层的岩石类型和成岩作用进行了研究,指出压实作用、胶结作用、溶蚀作用是影响该类储层物性的主要成岩作用。在此基础上,结合成岩作用和成岩阶段的研究,划分出了7个成岩相:1）高成熟强溶蚀相,2）高成熟强胶结相,3）高成熟中胶结中溶蚀相,4）高成熟弱压实相,5）高成熟强压实相,6）低成熟弱压实相,7）低成熟强压实相,并对各个成岩相的形成条件、成岩特征、成岩环境、成岩演化序列和成岩模式进行了归纳和总结,对不同成岩相的砂砾岩储集性能进行了分析,阐述了优良储层发育的主要成岩相带及沉积相带。 相似文献
8.
中国南方震旦纪碎屑岩的成岩作用主要有压实和压溶、胶结和固结、重结晶、交代作用及自生矿物形成等,泥质岩的成岩作用主要为压实作用和成岩过程中粘土矿物的转化。其成岩过程可分为同生、成岩、后生、表生四个成岩作用阶段。在沉积盆地演化的不同阶段和处在盆地的不同部位,出现了不同的岩石类型,往往呈现各自的成岩作用变化特点。 相似文献
9.
海拉尔盆地碎屑储集岩成岩变化与孔隙演化关系 总被引：8，自引：0，他引：8
本文在分析海拉尔储集层的物质组分和成岩后生作用的基础上，提出了海拉尔盆地的两大储集岩类型，其中着重分析了碎屑岩储集岩岩性特征、成岩后生变化及对本区砂岩储集性和孔隙连通性的影响，通过对岩石中各类胶结物的自生矿物之间的空间关系，提出的成岩序列解释，划分了早成岩早期，早成岩晚期和晚成岩早期三个成岩阶段，为孔隙演化史和评价储集体性能提供了依据。 相似文献
10.
11.
济阳坳陷石炭系—二叠系储层成岩作用及孔隙演化 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
石炭纪—二叠纪海陆交互沉积背景下发育的碎屑岩是济阳坳陷主要的储集岩。薄片、扫描电镜等多种微观分析研究表明,储层成岩作用主要有压实作用、胶结作用、交代作用、溶蚀作用及裂缝形成作用等。依据残留地层叠置样式及埋藏史,结合古地温、有机质热演化参数、黏土矿物转化序列、自生矿物以及成岩事件等多方面研究成果,将储层划分为古最大埋深等于现今埋深、古最大埋深大于现今埋深两种成岩阶段类型,前者处于中成岩B阶段和晚成岩阶段,后者处于中成岩A阶段和B阶段。多期复杂的构造运动导致储层具有多变的成岩环境及复杂的成岩演化序列,并控制了储层的成岩演化史、孔隙演化史及储集性能。 相似文献
12.
Ezz El Din Abdel Hakim Khalaf 《Arabian Journal of Geosciences》2014,7(7):2603-2624
Wadi Queih basin hosts a ～2,500-m thick Neoproterozoic volcanoclastic successions that unconformably lie over the oldest Precambrian basement. These successions were deposited in alluvial fan, fluviatile, lacustrine, and aeolian depositional environments. Diagenetic minerals from these volcaniclastic successions were studied by X-ray diffractometry, scanning electron microscopy, and analytical electron microscopy. The diagenetic processes recognized include mechanical compaction, cementation, and dissolution. Based on the framework grain–cement relationships, precipitation of the early calcite cement was either accompanied or followed by the development of part of the pore-lining and pore-filling clay cements. Secondary porosity development occurred due to partial to complete dissolution of early calcite cement and feldspar grains. In addition to calcite, several different clay minerals including kaolinite, illite, and chlorite with minor smectite occur as pore-filling and pore-lining cements. Chlorite coating grains helps to retain primary porosity by retarding the envelopment of quartz overgrowths. Clay minerals and their diagenetic assemblages has been distinguished between primary volcaniclastics directly produced by pyroclastic eruptions and epiclastic volcaniclastics derived from erosion of the pre-existing volcanic rocks. Phyllosilicates of the epiclastic rocks display wider compositional variations owing to wide variations in the mineralogical and chemical compositions of the parent material. Most of the phyllosilicates (kaolinite, illite, chlorite, mica, and smectite) are inherited minerals derived from the erosion of the volcanic basement complex, which had undergone hydrothermal alteration. Smectites of the epiclastic rocks are beidellite–montmorillonite derived from the altered volcanic materials of the sedimentary environment. Conversely, phyllosilicate minerals of the pyroclastic rocks are dominated by kaolinite, illite, and mica, which were formed by pedogenetic processes through the hydrothermal influence. 相似文献
13.
Inorganic minerals in mudstone are composed of clay minerals,carbonate and detrital minerals.Detrital minerals(such as quartz and feldspar)are mainly original deposit.However,clay minerals(kaolinite,illite,and chlorite)and carbonate(calcite and dolomite)are mostly diagenetic minerals.Furthermore,conversion of the four kinds of clay minerals are common.The formation of clay minerals and carbonate is controlled by temperature,pressure,p H,Eh and type of cations during diagenesis.Therefore mineral assemblage can indicate the characteristics and change of diagenetic environment.In addition to inorganic minerals,there are also organic matter of different sources and chemical properties in mudstone.Traditionally,it is considered that evolution of organic matter is controlled by thermal effect.Now studies show that inorganic and organic matter can interact with each other and form clay-organic complexes.This suggest that attention should be paid to the influence of diagenetic mineral assemblage and diagenetic environment on the evolution of organic matter* Samples of mudstone from 1500-4500m of the Palaeogene in the Dongying Depression,China,were collected to investigate the changes of mudstone diagenetic environment.XRD,thin section and SEM were used to detect diagenetic minerals and assemblage characteristics.Results showed that content of detrital minerals,which are floating in mud matrix or preserved as silt laminae,is basically unchanged from shallow to deep strata.Clay minerals which are gathered as argillaceous matrix or preserved as argillaceous laminae have growth and decline relation to carbonate which mainly appear as micropoikilitic ferriferous calcite and ferriferous dolomite.All these characteristics indicate that detrital minerals are exogenetic,whereas carbonate is diagenetic minerals.Based on the SEM analysis of the clay minerals,it was found that smectite present honeycomb and reticulate structure,while illite present filiform and schistose structure and there are growth and decline relationship between them.Nevertheless,hexagonal tabular and stratified kaolinite has the highest content from 2400m to3300m.Rosette and stratified chlorite shows increase trend when the burial depth is deeper than 3300m.These characteristics indicated that clay minerals are diagenetic minerals and there are conversions among the four types.Therefore form shallow to deep,three diagenetic mineral assemblage zones can be divided based on the characteristics of carbonate and clay minerals in mudstone.Namely,smectite+illite/smectite zone in the depth of 2000-2500m;kaolinite+illite/smectite zone in the depth of 2500-3300m and illite+chlorite+carbonate zone below 3300m.Previous studies showed that kaolinite is stable under acidic conditions,while other clay minerals and carbonate are stable under alkaline conditions.Hence according to mineral assemblages feature,it was inferred that diagenetic environment of mudstonehasundergonethechangeof alkaline-acid-alkaline.For the organic matter with different chemical properties in mudstone,the hydrocarbon generation will be different in the acidic and alkaline diagenetic environment even if the conditions of temperature and pressure are the same.Therefore,for hydrocarbon generation we should not only focus on thermal effect,but also pay more attention to the differences of diagenetic environment which have great significance for the understanding of hydrocarbon generation,hydrocarbon expulsion and reservoir formation in mudstone. 相似文献
14.
通过对大量储层物性数据的分析和整理,结合薄片观察和扫描电镜分析结果,研究了不同构造背景、不同沉积类型及不同埋深的储层物性特征及其控制因素。东营凹陷近系碎屑岩储层类型多样,大多形成在冲积扇-河流、扇三角洲、近岸水下扇、深水浊积扇、三角洲前缘滑塌浊积扇以及滨浅湖滩坝等多种沉积环境中。碎屑岩储层类型主要包括砾岩、含砾砂岩、中粗砂岩、细砂岩及粉砂岩。其中中砂岩和细砂岩是最好的储层。但是不同地区、不同类型储层物性存在较大的差异。物性最好的储层为河道、（扇）三角洲前缘水下分流河道及河口坝砂体。在相同深度条件下,中央隆起带的物性最好,北部和南部次之。另外,本区随埋藏深度增加,碎屑岩储层物性逐渐变差（剔除次生孔隙的影响）。根据碎屑岩储层物性差异性分析和储层成岩演化研究结果,其储层物性主要受压实作用、碳酸盐溶蚀与胶结作用及沉积条件四大因素控制,其中压实作用、溶蚀作用及胶结作用是主要控制因素,而沉积条件对物性的影响主要表现在控制原生孔隙的发育程度,并进一步控制溶蚀、胶结等成岩作用。 相似文献
15.
Eric E. Hiatt Kurt Kyser Robert W. Dalrymple 《Journal of Geochemical Exploration》2003,80(2-3):221-240
The Thelon Basin, Nunavut, Canada, is host to unconformity-type uranium mineralisation and has the potential to host other economic deposits. The Thelon Formation (ca. 1750 Ma) is composed of thick (meters to tens of meters), poorly sorted, trough cross-bedded conglomerate and coarse-grained lithic arenite beds, and to a lesser extent, well-sorted, medium- to coarse-grained quartz arenite beds. Relatively rare, 1–12 cm thick, clay-rich siltstones to fine-grained sandstone layers punctuate the coarser lithofacies. Based on regional analysis of drill cores and outcrops, multiple unconformity-bounded sequences are defined in this fluvial-dominated sedimentary succession. Stratigraphic correlations are based on detailed lithofacies analysis, distinct changes in fining-upward cycle thickness, and intraformational surfaces (unconformities, transgressive surfaces, and paleosols).Diagenetic and paragenetic relationships vary systematically with sedimentology and stratigraphy of the Thelon and provide a framework for understanding the evolution of fluid-flow systems in the context of basin hydrostratigraphy. Stratigraphic units with well-sorted textures, which lacked clay and unstable framework grains, originally were aquifers (depositional aquifers) during early basin evolution. However, pervasive, early quartz cementation radically reduced the porosity and permeability of these units, occluding pore throats and transforming them into aquitards. Proximal fluvial and alluvial fan lithofacies that contained detrital, mechanically infiltrated, and diagenetic clay minerals and/or unstable detrital grains originally had low permeabilities and only experienced minor quartz cementation. In the deep burial setting (2–7 km), these units retained sufficient permeability to allow diagenetic fluid flow (diagenetic aquifers) as suggested by feldspar dissolution, quartz dissolution, and formation and recrystallization of illite and other diagenetic reactions. Tracing potential diagenetic aquifer and aquitard units across the study area allowed development of a hydrostratigraphic model. In this model, diagenetic aquifers onlap onto, and focused basinal fluids into basement rocks to the east in the Thelon Basin (in the vicinity of the Kiggavik uranium deposit). 相似文献
16.
库车坳陷白垩系深层致密砂岩储层溶蚀作用实验模拟研究 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
库车坳陷前陆区白垩系发育特低物性、强非均质性和高稳产砂岩储层,溶蚀作用显著,但成因机制尚不是很明确。利用高温高压热模拟实验还原了目的层在成岩演化过程中1种表生流体和2种埋藏流体环境下溶蚀作用差异,揭示了成岩矿物演化过程及储集空间结构变化特征。结果表明,表生成岩期大气淡水淋滤弱酸性流体环境（CO2饱和溶液,pCO2=1 MPa）溶蚀作用最为显著,长石类矿物发生明显溶蚀,石英和黏土矿物相对难溶,Na+、Ca2+和K+等离子析出明显,Si4+和Al3+析出较少,样品表面沉淀出较多的疑似多边形石英和铝硅酸类矿物;成岩晚期油气充注酸性流体环境（乙酸溶液,2 mL/L）溶蚀作用其次,易于溶解白云石、石膏和长石类矿物,Ca2+、Mg2+、Na+和Si4+等离子析出明显,样品表面无沉淀;成岩早-中期碱性流体环境（NaHCO3溶液,pH=7.46、HCO3-=0.6 mol/L）溶蚀作用相对较弱,石英、长石和部分黏土矿物均发生了不同程度的溶蚀,且随着温度、压力的增加,溶蚀作用程度增加。综合分析表明:表生流体是研究区砂岩储层溶蚀孔隙发育的关键因素,其次为有机酸和碱性埋藏流体。这一认识能够丰富致密砂岩储层孔隙成岩演化理论,为下一步寻找规模储层发育区和气田有效开发提供理论支撑。 相似文献
17.
刘永先 《沉积与特提斯地质》1995,(5):43-51
陕甘宁盆地中部气田产于奥陶系顶部古风化壳碳酸盐岩储集体中，碳酸盐岩储集空间的形成是不同期次的溶蚀作用和充填作用相互作用的结果。根据盆地发展演化阶段不同，大致可以分出四期：第一期为近地表早期成岩溶蚀作用与充填作用（Ｏ＿１）；第二期为风化壳岩溶作用及充填作用（Ｏ＿２－Ｃ＿１）；第三期为浅埋藏期溶蚀作用与充填作用（Ｃ＿２）；第四期为深埋藏期溶蚀作用与充填作用（Ｐ－Ｑ）．化学充填作用形成的自生矿物主要有方解石、白云石、粘土矿物、石英、石膏等．根据充填顺序、地球化学特征等的不同，判别了自生矿物生成顺序及期次．最后论述了不同期次溶蚀作用和充填作用对储集空间形成的建设与破坏作用． 相似文献
18.
影响碎屑岩天然气储层物性的主要控制因素 总被引：25，自引：3，他引：25
碎屑岩天然气储层，尤其是埋藏历史较长、埋深较大的致密碎屑岩天然气储层物性的控制因素比较复杂，本文通过对我国中新生代主要含气盆地的碎屑岩储气层埋藏历史和成岩阶段与孔隙度关系的研究，提出了按产状将碎屑岩储层孔隙分为粒间孔、粒间溶孔、组分内孔隙和裂隙四种类型的划分方案，分析了各类孔隙对砂岩孔渗性的贡献。从碎屑颗粒物理性质和化学性质；砂岩中泥质杂基和自生粘土矿物；沉积速度与埋藏历史；碎屑岩粒径和分选程度；泥质岩成岩作用；构造背景和构造运动以及镜质体反射率和有机质成熟度等方面讨论了它们对碎屑岩天然气储层物性的控制机理。 相似文献
19.
Juergen Schieber David Bish Max Coleman Mark Reed Elisabeth M. Hausrath John Cosgrove Sanjeev Gupta Michelle E. Minitti Kenneth S. Edgett Mike Malin 《Sedimentology》2017,64(2):311-358
The Sheepbed mudstone forms the base of the strata examined by the Curiosity rover in Gale Crater on Mars, and is the first bona fide mudstone known on another planet. From images and associated data, this contribution proposes a holistic interpretation of depositional regime, diagenesis and burial history. A lake basin probably received sediment pulses from alluvial fans. Bed cross‐sections show millimetre to centimetre‐scale layering due to distal pulses of fluvial sediment injections (fine‐grained hyperpycnites), fall‐out from river plumes, and some aeolian supply. Diagenetic features include mineralized synaeresis cracks and millimetre‐scale nodules, as well as stratiform cementation. Clay minerals were initially considered due to in situ alteration, but bulk rock chemistry and mineralogy suggests that sediments were derived from variably weathered source rocks that probably contained pre‐existing clay minerals. X‐ray diffraction analyses show contrasting clay mineralogy in closely spaced samples, consistent with at least partial detrital supply of clay minerals. A significant (ca 30 wt%) amorphous component is consistent with little post‐depositional alteration. Theoretical modelling of diagenetic reactions, as well as kinetic considerations, suggest that the bulk of diagenetic clay mineral formation occurred comparatively late in diagenesis. Diagenetic features (synaeresis cracks and nodules) were previously thought to reflect early diagenetic gas formation, but an alternative scenario of synaeresis crack formation via fabric collapse of flocculated clays appears more likely. The observed diagenetic features, such as solid nodules, hollow nodules, matrix cement and ‘raised ridges’ (synaeresis cracks) can be explained with progressive alteration of olivine/glass in conjunction with centrifugal and counter diffusion of reactive species. Anhydrite‐filled fractures in the Sheepbed mudstone occurred late in diagenesis when fluid pressures built up to exceed lithostatic pressure. Generating fluid overpressure by burial to facilitate hydraulic fracturing suggests a burial depth of at least 1000 m for the underlying strata that supplied these fluids. 相似文献
20.
碳酸盐岩成岩作用与孔隙演化 总被引：20，自引：1，他引：20
在总结我国碳酸盐岩沉积和成岩基本特征的基础上,阐明有利于孔隙形成的白云石化、去膏、去云化、淡水和埋藏溶解等作用,以及破坏性成岩作用的特征和识别标志。成岩地质体是成岩环境的产物,可根据成岩组构、地球化学和发光特征等加以鉴别。成岩模式是成岩组合、成岩特征和孔隙演化的总概括,以滩相成岩模式展示了成岩相与孔隙的关系。 相似文献