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1.
多层螺旋CT肝脏三期增强扫描质量评价的探讨 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
多层螺旋CT和高压注射器的应用，使全肝动态多期增强扫描成为可能，但具体应用中，要想获得满意的肝脏三期增强效果，技术因素和患者因素也不容忽视。本文从科室影像服务器中提取在线的肝脏三期增强影像资料26例进行主观评价和CT值测量分析，结果表明，所有病例影像显示均无不满意评价，其中门脉期和实质期显示满意率均为100％，但动脉期显示满意率为65．4％，由此看出肝脏三期增强扫描的技术难点在动脉扫描时机的把握上，能否正确设置造影剂注射后的扫描延迟时间至关重要，文中对能够影响扫描延迟时间的因素进行说明并提出相应操作对策。 相似文献
2.
《中国科学:地球科学》2015,(9)
阐述了扫描电子显微镜的基本原理、图像种类、各种信号的主要特性,并对扫描电子显微镜显微分析技术在地球科学研究领域的应用现状、前景进行了评述.场发射扫描电子显微镜分辨率高,可以实现极微区的原位精细观察和研究.具备低真空模式的扫描电子显微镜,对于不具有导电性的地质样品,无需蒸镀导电膜,即可直接实现矿物等样品表面的观察分析,显示具有广泛的应用前景.装配背散射探头、X射线能谱仪、阴极荧光谱仪、背散射电子衍射仪等附件的扫描电子显微镜,可同时获取地质样品的多重信息,如:微区尺度形貌像、阴极荧光分析、背散射图像、成分信息、晶体结构特征等.本文通过实例讨论了扫描电子显微镜的地质应用,并强调阴极荧光谱仪在地学研究中的应用不应局限于矿物结构图像分析,尚应加强阴极荧光谱峰的矿物成因分析应用,其可有效揭示矿物晶格缺陷、微量元素组成差异,有助于更精准地进行矿物生长条件重建. 相似文献
3.
光学弱相干层析成像进展 总被引：6，自引：0，他引：6
光学弱相干层析成像技术结合了共焦、弱相干、光外差及扫描层析成像等技术的优点,可实现无损伤、在体检测,具有较高的探测灵敏度和分辨率,可望在生物组织活检中获得广泛应用。本文在讨论ＯＣＴ基本原理的基础上,介绍了ＯＣＴ系统的若干应用,如龋齿、体内器官粘膜的成像检测和对血管结构与血流动力学的成像检测等。 相似文献
4.
本文在分析常用固体密度测量方法的基础上,提出了一种基于阿基米德浮力定律测量岩矿石密度的测量方法,并完成了密度仪硬件电路设计工作,同时给出了密度仪的技术指标及测量结果的误差分析.密度仪由荷重传感器、放大器、模数转换器、单片机、显示部分及键盘等组成.该密度仪不仅可以用于测量岩矿石固体标本的密度,而且可以用于岩矿石标本的重量、体积、孔隙度和含油或水饱和度等多种参数的检测,同时实现了岩矿石密度值实时显示功能,提高了工作效率,减少了人为误差.本密度仪具有智能化程度高、自动显示密度值、可打印测试结果、测量精度高和操作简单等优点.现已在多家单位应用. 相似文献
5.
地壳应变的激光干涉调制法测量 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
采用高灵敏度的测量手段监测地壳应变，对地震，滑坡等自然灾害的早期预报具有重要意义。若采用激光干涉并结合图象调制和相位检测技术，可使地壳应变的测量灵敏度，较之传统石英仲缩仪高出若干个数量级。 相似文献
6.
目的 探讨腰椎峡部CT反向扫描技术的价值。方法 CT扫描架向头侧倾斜，定位线与腰椎峡部平面平行，扫描角度与间盘层面相反。结果 反向扫描技术图像可清晰显示腰椎峡部裂隙宽度及关节错乱情况，防止漏诊。结论 反向扫描技术应在腰椎间盘扫描中常规使用。 相似文献
7.
4D CE-MRA Cinegraphy技术应用SENSE、CEMRA、匙孔及半扫描技术来缩短扫描时间,具有高时间分辨率和高空间分辨率,可称之为MR"透视下"血管造影,能显示血管结构及血运动态,能发现更多的血管信息,使观察脑肿瘤血液动力学变化成为可能,对于脑肿瘤的影像诊断及临床治疗具有较高的应用价值. 相似文献
8.
多层螺旋CT肝脏增强扫描技术的评价 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
目的评价多层螺旋CT(MSCT)扫描技术在肝脏增强检查中的应用价值.材料与方法 231例患者行肝脏增强扫描,对比剂的用量为1.2ml/kg,注射流率为2.5 ml/s～3.0ml/s.结果肝脏占位性病变的228例中201例动脉期、门脉期影像显示良好,占88.2%,3例肝脏外伤性病变实质期图像显示良好.结论应用多层螺旋CT进行肝脏增强扫描,采用合适的扫描参数及造影技术能获得较为满意的扫描图像. 相似文献
9.
目的 探讨乳腺癌CT检查的技术特点和影像学特性，提高对乳腺癌的诊断水平。方法 对23例经手术后病理证实的乳腺癌病例，进行回顾分析。结果 CT扫描能清晰显示乳腺解剖结构，对病灶显示的阳性率高；CT扫描及增强扫描能显示病灶大小及周围的情况。结论 CT扫描及增强扫描对乳腺癌的诊断与鉴别诊断有较高价值，有助于临床TNM分期及制定治疗计划，是乳腺癌较好的检查方法。 相似文献
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12.
M. N. French R. L. Bras W. F. Krajewski 《Stochastic Environmental Research and Risk Assessment (SERRA)》1992,6(1):27-45
A procedure for short-term rainfall forecasting in real-time is developed and a study of the role of sampling on forecast ability is conducted. Ground level rainfall fields are forecasted using a stochastic space-time rainfall model in state-space form. Updating of the rainfall field in real-time is accomplished using a distributed parameter Kalman filter to optimally combine measurement information and forecast model estimates. The influence of sampling density on forecast accuracy is evaluated using a series of a simulated rainfall events generated with the same stochastic rainfall model. Sampling was conducted at five different network spatial densities. The results quantify the influence of sampling network density on real-time rainfall field forecasting. Statistical analyses of the rainfall field residuals illustrate improvement in one hour lead time forecasts at higher measurement densities. 相似文献
14.
《地震工程与工程振动(英文版)》2014,(4)
正This journal is established by the Institute of Engineering Mechanics(IEM),China Earthquake Administration,to promote scientific exchange between Chinese and foreign scientists and engineers so as to improve the theory and practice of earthquake hazards mitigation,preparedness,and recovery.To accomplish this purpose,the journal aims to attract a balanced number of papers between Chinese and 相似文献
15.
O. Martins 《水文研究》1988,2(1):19-29
Water quality analyses for the Niger River for the 1980/81 hydrological year are presented. The samples were collected from the main river at Lokoja, and from two main tributaries, the Kaduna and the Benue Rivers. Different water types were distinguished by the concentrations of major ions. The type Ca > Na > Mg > K - HCO3 > SO4 > Cl was represented at all stations during at least part of the year. Chloride was found to dominate the sulphate ion in the Kaduna and Niger, while the Benue maintained a higher concentration of sulphate relative to chloride all year round. Distinct patterns of seasonal variation in the ion concentrations were observed, particularly for the samples collected at Lokoja. Low ion concentrations were prominent during periods of high discharge, while low flow periods coincided with high dissolved ion concentrations. The contribution of rainwater to the total dissolved solids in the river waters was assessed indirectly using rainwater chemistry data from the Gulf of Guinea. The estimated rainwater contribution to the Lower Niger amounts to 5.15 mg 1?1. Geochemical weathering calculations involving reactions of the four major minerals of granitic rocks - anorthite, biotite, albite, and K-feldspar - with carbon dioxide and water, can account for the average water composition of the Lower Niger. The proportion of the ionic components was also related to the occurrence of the respective element in the minerals. 相似文献
16.
Historical earthquakes noted in the written records of the South China region, including Hong Kong, are not well delineated along identified prominent fault sources. Despite the lack of any definitive, localised trend in the spatial distribution of seismic activity in the region, there does appear to be some major disparity in the seismic activity rates (especially for large magnitude earthquakes) between the near-field and the far-field regions of Hong Kong. Despite this observation, previous studies of the regional seismic activity and seismic ground motion hazard (the latter using a probabilistic seismic hazard assessment, PSHA) have considered very broad source zone regions, in which uniform levels of seismic activity have been assumed. The present paper further scrutinises this broad source zone (BSZ) approach by adopting a novel expanding circular disc (ECD) method to determine the rates of earthquake recurrence. Such a method is intended to counter-check previously developed models by determining earthquake scenario events in terms of magnitude–distance (M–R) pairs or combinations, having defined values of average return period. Unlike the BSZ approach, the ECD method specifically accounts for the supposed variations in the seismic activity rates between events in the near-field and the far-field of Hong Kong.The form of the developed method is particularly suited to the determination of design-level earthquake ground motions for bedrock sites, since it assumes a directionally-independent attenuation model as described in the companion paper. It is found that, whilst the BSZ approach may indicate the overall average levels of hazard that are representative of the South China region as a whole, it does not capture the large disparity in seismic activity rates between near-field and far-field events. This important feature is expected to have a significant impact upon engineering assessments of the seismic safety of structures in Hong Kong and elsewhere in the South China region. For example, it is found that for events with M≥6, the seismic activity rate (normalised by time and area) in the very far-field is around 3.5 times larger than in the near-field and medium-field of Hong Kong. The resulting design M-R combinations, covering a range of return periods from 70 to 2500 years, are limited, for very long return periods and for distant events, by the maximum credible earthquake (MCE) magnitude. Intensive research to determine this seismic hazard parameter is recommended, in order to refine further the results of the ECD analysis, which presently conservatively assumes the MCE to range between M=6 in the near-field of Hong Kong to M=8 in the very far-field, at distances greater than 280 km from Hong Kong. 相似文献
17.
Depositional ages and characteristics of Middle–Upper Jurassic and Lower Cretaceous lacustrine deposits in southeastern Mongolia 
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下载免费PDF全文 Hitoshi Hasegawa Hisao Ando Noriko Hasebe Niiden Ichinnorov Tohru Ohta Takashi Hasegawa Masanobu Yamamoto Gang Li Bat‐Orshikh Erdenetsogt Ulrich Heimhofer Takayuki Murata Hironori Shinya G. Enerel G. Oyunjargal O. Munkhtsetseg Noriyuki Suzuki Tomohisa Irino Koshi Yamamoto 《Island Arc》2018,27(3)
Lower Cretaceous lacustrine oil shales are widely distributed in southeastern Mongolia. Due to the high organic carbon content of oil shale, many geochemical studies and petroleum exploration have been conducted. Although most of the oil shales are considered to be Early Cretaceous in age, a recent study reveals that some were deposited in the Middle Jurassic. The present study aims at establishing depositional ages and characteristics of the Jurassic and Cretaceous lacustrine deposits in Mongolia. The Lower Cretaceous Shinekhudag Formation is about 250 m thick and composed of alternating beds of shale and dolomite. The Middle Jurassic Eedemt Formation is about 150 m thick and composed of alternating beds of shale, dolomitic marl, and siltstone. The alternations of shale and dolomite in both formations were formed by lake level changes, reflecting precipitation changes. Shales were deposited in the center of a deep lake during highstand, while dolomites were formed by primary precipitation during lowstand. Based on the radiometric age dating, the Shinekhudag Formation was deposited between 123.8 ±2.0 Ma and 118.5 ±0.9 Ma of the early Aptian. The Eedemt Formation was deposited at around 165–158 Ma of Callovian–Oxfordian. The calculated sedimentation rate of the Shinekhudag Formation is between 4.7 ±2.6 cm/ky and 10.0 ±7.6 cm/ky. Shales in the Shinekhudag Formation show micrometer‐scale lamination, consisting of algal organic matter and detrital clay mineral couplets. Given the average thickness of micro‐laminae and calculated sedimentation rate, the micro‐lamination is most likely of varve origin. Both Middle–Upper Jurassic and Lower Cretaceous lacustrine oil shales were deposited in intracontinental basins in the paleo‐Asian continent. Tectonic processes and basin evolution basically controlled the deposition of these oil shales. In addition, enhanced precipitation under humid climate during the early Aptian and the Callovian–Oxfordian was another key factor inducing the widespread oil shale deposition in Mongolia. 相似文献
18.
A. C. LIAKOPOULOS Dr. Eng. 《水文科学杂志》2013,58(1):69-110
ABSTRACT The one-dimensional transient downward entry of water in unsaturated soils is investigated theoretically. The mathematical equation describing the infiltration process is derived by combining Darcy's dynamic equation of motion with the continuity and thermodynamic state equations adjusted for the unsaturated flow conditions. The resulting equation together with the corresponding initial and boundary conditions constitues a mathematical initial boundary value problem requiring the solution of a nonlinear partial differential equation of the parabolic type. The volumetric water content is taken as the dependent variable and the time and the position along the vertical direction are taken as the independent variables. The governing equation is of such nature that a solution exists for t > 0 and is uniquely determined if two relationships are defined, together with the specified state of the system, at the initial time t = 0 and at the two boundaries. The two required relations are those of pressure versus permeability and pressure versus volumetric water content. Since the partial differential equation has strong non-linear terms, a discrete solution is obtained by approximating the derivatives with finite-differences at discrete mesh points in the solution domain and integrated for the corresponding initial and boundary conditions. The use of an implicit difference scheme is employed in order to generate a system of simultaneous non-linear equations that has to be solved for each time increment. For n mesh points the two boundary conditions provide two equations and the repetition of the recurrence formula provides n—2 equations, the total being n equations for each time increment. The solution of the system is obtained by matrix inversion and particularly with a back-substitution technique. The FORTRAN statements used for obtaining the solution with an electronic digital computer (IBM 704) are presented together with the input data. Analysis of the errors involved in the numerical solution is made and the stability and convergence of the solution of the approximate difference equation to that of the differential equation is investigated. The method applied is that of making a Fourier series expansion of a whole line of errors and then following the progress of the general term of the series expansion and also the behavior of each constituent harmonic. The errors (forming a continuous function of points in an abstract Banach space) are represented by vectors with the Fourier coefficients constituting a second Banach space. The amplification factor of the difference equation is shown to be always less than unity which guarantees the stability of the employed implicit recurrence scheme. Experiments conducted on a vertical column packed uniformly with very fine sand, show a satisfactory agreement between the theoretically and experimentally obtained values. Many experimental results are shown in an attempt to explain the infiltration phenomenon with emphasis on the shape and movement of the wet front, and the effects of the degree of compaction, initial water content and deaired water on the infiltration rate. 相似文献
19.
Church repair swarms and earthquakes in Rhodes Island, Greece 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
20.
GHODRAT TORABI 《Island Arc》2012,21(3):215-229
Late Permian trondhjemites in the Anarak area occur as stocks and dykes, which cross cut the Anarak ophiolite and its overlying metasedimentary rocks, and are exposed along the northern Anarak east–west main faults. These leucocratic intrusive bodies have enclaves of all ophiolitic units and metamorphic rocks. They are composed of amphibole, plagioclase (oligoclase), quartz, zircon and muscovite. Secondary minerals are chlorite (pycnochlorite), epidote, albite, magnetite and calcite. Whole‐rock major‐ and trace‐element analyses reveal that they are characterized by high SiO 2 (67.8–71.0 wt%), Al 2 O 3 (14.9–17.1 wt%) and Na 2 O (5.3–8.6 wt%), low K 2 O (0.1–1.5 wt%; average: 0.8 wt%), low Rb/Sr ratio (0.01–0.40; average: 0.09), low Y (3–6 ppm), negative Ti, Nb and Ta anomalies, slightly negative or positive Eu anomaly, LREE enrichment and fractionated HREE. These rocks present 2 to 40 times enrichment in inclined chondrite‐normalized REE patterns. Geochemical characteristics of the Anarak trondhjemites all reflect melting of a mafic protolith at more than 10 kbar. The field evidence and whole‐rock chemistry reveal that these rocks have been crystallized from magmas derived from melting of subducted Anarak oceanic crust. This study reveals that melting of garnet amphibolite was an important element of continent formation in the study area. 相似文献