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1.
Theodore R. Merrell 《Marine environmental research》1980,3(3):171-184
Between 1972 and 1974 plastic marine litter on ten 1-km beaches at Amchitka Island increased from 2,221 to 5,367 items—a 2·4 x increase in a two-year period. Most litter originated from Japanese and Soviet fishing vessels, but some items were from the Asian coast, at least 1,150 km distant. In 1974 there were 345 kg of common items of plastic litter per kilometre of beach. In 1972, an estimated 1,664 metric tons of plastic litter was lost or dumped from fishing vessels in the Bering Sea and North Pacific Ocean. Stranded plastic litter persists indefinitely but rapidly becomes buried in beach material or is blown inland and covered with vegetation. The most serious environmental impact is probably entanglement of marine mammals and birds in some types of litter. The accelerating accumulation of litter could be reduced through unilateral action by countries that regulate coastal fishing privileges if these countries make litter control a condition for permission to fish. 相似文献
2.
《Deep Sea Research Part I: Oceanographic Research Papers》2000,47(6):1125-1139
Three seamounts flanking the oceanic island of Bermuda were sampled for hydroids. Collecting was undertaken by submersible (SDL-1) and by dredge at depths between 48 and 107 m on the summits of Argus and Challenger banks. A shallower collection (<20 m) from the pilings of a tower on Argus Bank was made using SCUBA. Major bottom types on both banks were aggregations of rhodoliths, limestone reefs, and areas of calcareous sand. Hydroids were ubiquitous, but quite sparse, on firm substrata. None was collected on sandy bottoms. Of 45 species identified from the two oceanic banks, over half (25) were found on both. On Bowditch Seamount, samples were obtained at depths between 1285 and 1381 m by dredge and grab. Of four species found, only one (Filellum serratum) occurred in shallower collections from Argus and Challenger banks. Most species (43 of 48) from the three seamounts have been reported elsewhere in the Western Atlantic Tropical region, and many (38 of 48) are known from Bermuda. No endemics were discovered, and no relicts or exotics were recognized. Gonophores in >70% of the species are fixed sporosacs instead of free medusae. This conforms with a hypothesis that invertebrates of oceanic islands and seamounts tend to have short-lived pelagic larval stages, ensuring the greatest retention and conservation of propagules. 相似文献
3.
《Ocean & Coastal Management》1999,42(6-7):603-615
Studies from South Pacific Islands, some of which are uninhabited, as well as eastern Australia and New Zealand, show that discarded plastics are a significant pollutant of shorelines and adjacent coastal and oceanic waters. Environmental impacts include: death and/or debilitation of wildlife through entanglement and ingestion, reductions in quality of life and reproductive performance, hazards to shipping and possibly health, and a vector for the introduction of alien taxa that may endanger island ecosystems or traditional seafood resources. This material is also aesthetically distasteful.Blame for this pollution has been placed largely on indiscriminate disposal of plastic by vessels at sea. However, there is a growing appreciation that much shoreline litter has urban sources reflecting inadequate disposal practices as well as recreational visitors. Increasing population pressures and shipping activities around the region will lead to ever-growing quantities of unsightly plastic litter on shorelines of the region and experience elsewhere suggests this could be to the detriment of tourism.The problems need to be addressed through the Convention for the Protection of the Natural Resources and Environment of the South Pacific Region with common regional management policies developed similar to those now in place for the Caribbean. These should focus on waste disposal practices and identification of sites suitable for land-fill operations as well as development of port reception facilities. Alleviation of the problems may also come from Annex V of MARPOL and the London Dumping Convention, but ultimately the solutions will have to be regional in character and involve education sensitive to local cultures. 相似文献
4.
Surveys were undertaken on the shallow Bermuda marine platform between 2006 and 2008 to provide a baseline of the distribution, condition and environmental characteristics of benthic communities. Bermuda is located in temperate latitudes but coral reefs, tropical seagrasses and calcareous green algae are common in the shallow waters of the platform. The dominant organisms of these communities are all living at or near their northern latitudinal range limits in the Atlantic Ocean. Among the major benthic autotrophs surveyed, seagrasses were most restricted by light availability. We found that the relatively slow-growing and long-lived seagrass Thalassia testudinum is restricted to habitats with much higher light availability than in the tropical locations where this species is commonly found. In contrast, the faster growing tropical seagrasses in Bermuda, Syringodium filiforme, Halodule sp. and Halophila decipiens, had similar ecological compensation depths (ECD) as in tropical locations. Increasing sea surface temperatures, concomitant with global climate change, may either drive or allow the poleward extensions of the ranges of such tropical species. However, due to latitudinal light limitations at least one abundant and common tropical autotroph, T. testudinum, is able to occupy only shallower depths at the more temperate latitudes of Bermuda. We hypothesize that the poleward shift of seagrass species ranges would be accompanied by restrictions to even shallower depths of T. testudinum and by very different seagrass community structures than in tropical locations. 相似文献
5.
Peer Helmke Susanne Neuer Michael W. Lomas Maureen Conte Tim Freudenthal 《Deep Sea Research Part I: Oceanographic Research Papers》2010,57(2):213-227
We compared in-situ and satellite-derived measures of the biological carbon pump efficiency at the two seemingly similar subtropical North Atlantic gyre time series sites, the Bermuda time series (BATS, Bermuda Atlantic time-series study and OFP, ocean flux program) in the western gyre and the ESTOC time series (European station for time-series in the ocean, Canary Islands) in the eastern gyre. Satellite-derived surface chlorophyll a was slightly lower at Bermuda compared to ESTOC (annual average of 0.10±0.04 vs. 0.14±0.05-mg-m?3), as was satellite-derived primary production (annual average of 380±77 vs. 440±80-mg C-m?2 d?1). However, export production normalized to primary production (export ratio) was higher at Bermuda by a factor of 2–3 when estimated using mesopelagic traps moored at 500-m depth and by a factor of 3–4 when estimated using surface-tethered drifting traps. When averaged seasonally, flux at BATS was highest in spring (March, April, May) at all depths followed by summer (June, July, August) and decreasing towards fall, but this seasonality was less visible at ESTOC. Seasonal comparison showed the fastest flux attenuation at Bermuda in winter and spring, coinciding with the highest POC flux. POC/PIC ratios derived from the moored traps were significantly higher at BATS than at ESTOC in fall and winter, but this difference was not significant in spring (p>0.05). This study shows that while the western and eastern Atlantic subtropical gyres have similar rates of primary production, the biological carbon pump differs between the two provinces. Higher new nutrient input observed at Bermuda compared to ESTOC might explain part of the difference in export ratio but alone is insufficient. Greater winter mixed-layer depths and higher mesoscale eddy activity at Bermuda resulting in pulsed production events of labile organic matter might explain both the higher export flux and export ratios found at Bermuda. 相似文献
6.
Echograms (3.5 kHz) and bottom photographs reveal that the northward flowing Antarctic Bottom Water (AABW) has strongly influenced the modern depositional regime on the southwest Bermuda Rise. The spatial distribution of echo character types, the orientation and nature of current-controlled structures, and limited current meter data show that AABW flows with varying intensities along three primary pathways around and over the southwest Bermuda Rise. The main core of AABW flows clockwise around the eastern and western flanks of the southern Bermuda Rise, roughly parallel to the 5400 m isobath. This current bifurcates at 28°30′N, 69°W where a portion flows northeast over the southwest Bermuda Rise and the remainder continues north along the physiographic boundary between the southwest Bermuda Rise and the Hatteras Abyssal Plain. Secondary ribbons of AABW branch off the main core of AABW during its southerly journey along the southeastern Bermuda Rise, and flow west through fracture zones. Finally, a diffuse, northward flowing AABW sweeps the entire southwest Bermuda Rise.
A progression of current-controlled bedforms occurs beneath the main path of the AABW reflecting the spatially varying current velocities and sediment supply. The main core of AABW flows west through the narrow Vema Gap creating erosional furrows along the border between the southwest Bermuda Rise and the Vema Gap. Current velocities greater than 20 cm s−1 are inferred from the bedforms in this region. Farther north along the southwestern edge of the Bermuda Rise, sediment waves become more prevalent. This transition from erosional to more depositional bedforms results from diminished current velocities (5–15 cm s−1) and increased sediment supply. Although some of these bedforms on the southwest Bermuda Rise appear to be relict, their orientation is consistent with current meter data and abyssal current direction inferred from bottom photographs. 相似文献
7.
Data from the GEOS 3 and SEASAT Satellites have provided a very accurate geoid map over the oceans. Broad bathymetric features
in the oceans such as oceanic swells and plateaus are fully compensated. For these features it can be shown that the geoid
anomalies due to the density structure of the lithosphere are proportional to the first moment of the density distribution.
Deepening of the ocean basins is attributed to thermal isostasy. The thickness of the oceanic lithosphere increases with age
due to the loss of heat to the sea floor. Bathymetry and the geoid provide constraints on the extent of this heat loss. Offsets
in the geoid across major fracture zones can also be used to constrain this problem. Geoid-bathymetry correlations show that
the Hawaiian and Bermuda swells and the Cape Verde Rise are probably due to lithospheric thinning. A similar correlation for
the Walvis Ridge and Agulhas Plateau indicates that these features are probably due to an anomalously light mantle lithosphere. 相似文献
8.
Several specimens of Upogebia issaeffi (Balss, 1913) found on Namhae Island off the southern coast of Korea, where they were collected in the intertidal boulder habitat, are described and illustrated. This species has been reported from Vladivostok, Russia to Kagoshima, Japan, but this is the first reported occurrence in Korean waters. The species, closely related to the common Upogebia major that have been reported to be in Korean waters by Kim (1973), are distinguished by the morphology of the dactylus of the first pereiopod. Specifically, in male U. issaeffi, the dactylus has a longitudinal crest bearing a row of fine transverse striae, two longitudinal rows of granules on the outer side, a row of 12–16 granules and another row of 10–13 oblique ridges on the inner side. However, in females, the dactylus lacks a row of transverse striae but bears a row of rounded granules instead on the upper margin on outer side. Oblique ridges are also present on the inner side, but they are much shorter and less conspicuous than in males. 相似文献
9.
海洋垃圾已经逐渐成为一个全球性的新兴话题，尤其是塑料垃圾对于海洋环境具有破坏性的影响。我国目前还缺少海洋塑料垃圾的统一管理机制，对海洋塑料垃圾的防治还未有专门的战略规划，使得目前的污染防治成效不甚乐观，因此，整合
各部门力量和资源，对海洋塑料垃圾防治进行统一规划、统一管理是关键。本文在对欧盟及其成员国的海洋塑料垃圾政策搜集和梳理分析的基础上，从塑料的生产和使用、入海塑料垃圾的处理、海洋中已有垃圾的处置三方面与我国进行了对比，并从海洋塑料垃圾的法律体系、行动计划、全过程管控、监测防治技术、宣传教育手段和全球治理等方面为我国加强海洋塑料垃圾污染防治提出了建议。 相似文献
10.
《Marine Policy》2014
United Nations discussions on the governance of marine areas beyond national jurisdiction have questioned, but not yet reached a decision, on whether existing institutional agreements and structures are sufficient to meet global commitments to protect marine biodiversity, or if additional mechanisms may be required. This paper considers two very different efforts to protect marine biodiversity in these areas: (1) in the North-East Atlantic through the efforts of OSPAR Convention for the Protection of the Marine Environment of the North-East Atlantic; and (2) in the central Atlantic, through the efforts of the Sargasso Sea Alliance led by the Bermuda government. In each case, action has been strongly supported by non-governmental organisations and subsequent progress has hinged upon on-going dedicated efforts of “champion” governments to bring other States on board. This paper outlines the difficulties that they have faced, and consequently why they have been time-consuming, and are not yet completed. The paper then considers 10 common recommendations that can be drawn from the experiences of these two distinct initiatives, and their relevance to on-going UN deliberations. 相似文献
11.
《Deep Sea Research Part I: Oceanographic Research Papers》2006,53(3):547-560
We report results from the first deployment of a buoy-mounted aerosol sampler on the Bermuda Testbed Mooring (BTM) in the Sargasso Sea, in which a time-series of 21 aerosol samples were collected over the period May 5–September 29, 2004. These aerosol samples were analyzed for iron and soluble sodium (as a proxy for sea salt). Also analyzed was a time-series of 22 aerosol samples collected over the same period at the Tudor Hill atmospheric sampling tower on Bermuda. The buoy sampler worked as intended and successfully collected a time-series of aerosol samples, thus demonstrating that moored buoys can be used as oceanic observatories to provide information on the temporal (weekly, monthly and seasonal) variability in the concentration of aerosol iron (and other trace elements) over the surface ocean. The magnitude and time variation of aerosol Fe concentrations calculated from the BTM buoy samples are in close agreement with the corresponding aerosol Fe record from the Tudor Hill tower, which is located approximately 80 km northwest of the mooring site. Both the BTM and Tudor Hill samples record periods of high aerosol iron loadings in late June and late July 2004, reflecting the transport of soil dust from North Africa, with the highest concentration of aerosol iron at the BTM site (0.83 μg m−3) measured in late June. Concentrations of sea-salt aerosol calculated from the BTM samples are comparable to values measured over the Sargasso Sea and for samples collected at the Tudor Hill tower. Sea-salt aerosols do not appear to impede the collection of mineral aerosols by the buoy-mounted sampler. 相似文献
12.
Jürgen Alheit 《Estuarine, Coastal and Shelf Science》1983,17(5):547-554
Harrington Sound, Bermuda, is a shallow subtropical lagoon with carbonate sediments. The most important fishes in this lagoon, in terms of biomass, are grunts (Haemulon aurolineatum, H. flavolineatum, H. sciurus) and a sea-bream (Diplodus bermudensis). These undertake diel feeding migrations from the shallow rocky zone towards the deeper sand and mud zones. When feeding on zoobenthos they cannot avoid swallowing carbonate sediment particles. These sediment particles pass through the alimentary canal of the fishes and are deposited again, after digestion of the food, as faeces in the shallow zones. Thus, the fishes transport the sediment in an unusual direction, from the deep to the shallow zones, in effect against the force of gravity. By recording the fish stock densities, digestion rates, and calcium carbonate content of fish stomach and guts, it was possible to estimate the amount of sediment transported by the fishes. In Harrington Sound, this amounts annually to 4530 kg calcium carbonate, 40% of which is deposited in the very shallow areas. The pH-values measured in fish stomachs seem to be acidic enough for the dissolution of carbonate sediment particles when transported by fishes. 相似文献
13.
为了得到一种有效的计算海水涡动黏性的途径,本文基于伴随同化方法,研究了Ekman模型中垂向涡动黏性系数(verticaleddyviscositycoefficient,VEVC)的时间变化。本文推导了时间变化VEVC的优化关系式,并利用理想实验对三个影响因素进行了探究,包括优化算法、初始猜测、观测深度,其主要结论是:(1)梯度下降法的优化效果优于共轭梯度法和有限记忆BFGS(limited-memoryBroyden–Fletcher–Goldfarb–Shanno)法;(2)初始猜测值与实际值接近时,收敛速度更快,反演误差更小;(3)反演结果对表层和次表层的流速更为敏感。本文从百慕大试验站锚泊系统(Bermuda Testbed Mooring, BTM)的数据中提取了Ekman流速,并反演了VEVC的时间变化,实际实验结果表明:(1)对于实测数据而言,仍是梯度下降法优化效果最好;(2)将VEVC设置为时间变化型的反演策略,反演效果优于常数型和深度变化型;(3)该地区VEVC在0.01m~2/s左右。该研究为Ekman流的数值模拟提供了一种确定VEVC时间变化的有效方法,对于其他动力机制的研究具有一定的参考价值。 相似文献
14.
One-dimensional sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE) and high resolution two-dimensional electrophoresis (2-DE) were applied to separate protein molecules in dissolved organic matter (DOM) from oceanic waters. Results were: (1) The 2-DE distinguished a total of 412 protein spots in 10 samples from five water columns over the Pacific, although fewer than 30 proteins were resolved as bands from the identical samples by SDS-PAGE. (2) Major and ubiquitous protein bands (34 and 39 kDa proteins) on the SDS-PAGE gel were resolved into horizontally spread arrays (trains) of spots on the 2-DE gels, indicating that these bands were a mixture of protein species that have the same molecular weight (MW) but different isoelectric points (pIs). (3) Proteins that exhibited such electrophoretic patterns on the 2-DE gels were glycosylated with variable linkages between the sugar and polypeptide chains. (4) N-terminal amino-acid sequencing demonstrated that individual spots within each train of spots had identical N-terminal amino-acid sequences.The N-terminal amino-acid sequences of the 39 and 34 kDa glycoprotein spots in samples collected at different sites were also identical. Protein isoforms with the same amino-acid sequence but different glycosylation profiles, termed glycoforms, were often observed on the 2-DE gel. Thirty-one and 24 spots on the 2-DE gels were glycoforms of two glycoproteins with MWs of 39 and 34 kDa, respectively; they were one protein species. The glycoforms of the 39 kDa protein were identified as a low molecular weight alkaline phosphatase (L-AP) of Pseudomonas aeruginosa PAO1 by a homology search through five amino-acid sequence databases. The present and earlier work indicates that all identified source organisms of dissolved proteins belong to the Pseudomonas group. We propose the hypothesis that proteins associated with membrane vesicles liberated from a minor member of the bacterioplankton assemblage, the marine Pseudomonas group, are one of the important sources of dissolved proteins in oceanic waters. This hypothesis may apply to the source pathway and survival not only of proteins and also to the universally occurring bacterial peptidoglycan and lipopolysaccharide components in DOM. 相似文献
15.
A. James Kettle 《Ocean Modelling》2005,8(4):301-336
Seven one-dimensional oceanic boundary layer models are investigated to assess the possible nonlocal transport characteristics of mass and heat in the upper ocean. The dynamical models have been chosen from the diffusion and bulk types currently in use plus two modifications of the transilient type that have been used extensively for atmospheric work by Stull. The models are forced using wind speed and insolation conditions recorded during a 9-day oceanographic cruise near Bermuda in March 1993 during the decline of the spring bloom. The attenuation of sunlight in the upper ocean is calculated using a full spectral model for downwelling irradiance. The vertical heat transport characteristics are reported and compared. A series of spectral diagnostic tests (Green's function analysis, process spectra, and overall mixing lengths) reveal significant differences in the vertical transport characteristics of the models that are not observed in commonly used diagnostics such as sea surface temperature or mixed layer depth. Age spectra (or modal time since last surface contact) are calculated from Green's functions and reveal how a water mass can be cut off from the surface within a short time period. The large differences in the vertical mixing characteristics of the upper ocean boundary layer models have potential implications on the vertical distributions of short-lived chemical tracers and phytoplankton. 相似文献
16.
Coastal urban environments have high plastic pollution levels, and hence interactions between plastic debris and marine life are frequent. We report on plastic ingestion by mullet Mugil cephalus in Durban Harbour, KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa. Of 70 mullet (13.0–19.5?cm total length), 73% had plastic particles in their guts, with a mean of 3.8 particles per fish (SD 4.7). Plastic ingestion showed no relation to digestive tract content or fish length. White and clear plastic fibres were ingested most commonly. This urban population of M. cephalus had a higher incidence of plastic ingestion than has been reported in studies on fish from other coastal areas or the oceanic environment. 相似文献
17.
The investigation data on Scleractinia of the abyssal zone have been generalized. Based on an analysis of maps of the distribution pattern of these corals, it can be concluded that there is a close correlation between the spread of their species and the position of the ocean currents that form the global oceanic conveyor belt. The maps were compiled from published and our own data collected on expeditions of the Shirshov Institute of Oceanology of the Russian Academy of Sciences. We analyzed data on 106 stations. The location of the global oceanic conveyor belt was shown in the maps. The distribution pattern of abyssal coral species confirms our assumption that there are two possible ways of origin of abyssal fauna. We suppose that the genera Fungiacyathus and Leptopenus are ancient and have evolved in deep oceanic layers, while the species D. parvulus obviously originated from shallow-water ancestors and then migrated deep into the abyssal zone as a result of the transition to neotenic development. 相似文献
18.
Victor Quintino Franca Sangiorgio Fernando Ricardo Renato Mamede Adília Pires Rosa Freitas Ana Maria Rodrigues Alberto Basset 《Estuarine, Coastal and Shelf Science》2009
An experimental study on Phragmites australis leaf litter decomposition was conducted in the estuarine environment, Ria de Aveiro, Western Portugal, using the leaf-bag technique, with fine- (1 mm) and coarse-mesh (5 mm) bags. The leaf bags were placed in the field sites at day 0, covering a complete salinity gradient, and replicates were collected over time, at days 3 (leaching), 7, 15, 30 and 60. The biomass loss through the leaching phase, about 20% of the initial leaf mass, was independent of both the salinity and the bag mesh size. The biomass decay pattern along the salinity gradient varied through time and presented strong similarities between the two mesh sizes, with the remaining biomass always lower in the 5 mm mesh-size bags. At days 7 and 15, the lowest remaining biomass was observed at the head of the estuary, the preferential distribution area of P. australis. At day 30, the remaining biomass was higher in the marine area and diminished under a direct relationship with salinity, reaching the lowest value in the freshwater environment, with values ranging from 66% to 44% of the initial weight in 5 mm bags, and from 79% to 51% in 1 mm bags. The largest heterogeneity in the remaining biomass among the study areas positioned along the salinity gradient was found close to days 30 (5 mm) and 40 (1 mm). The overall results indicate that the relationship between leaf decay rate and salinity depends on the decay time considered (k15, k30 or k60) and, for the later stages (k60), also on the leaf-bag mesh size. This implies that the use of leaf litter decay rates as a functional indicator in transitional waters will need to take into consideration the factor location in the salinity gradient and leaf litter stage at which the decay rate is determined. The differences between the decay rates with the mesh size acted mainly at the level of the absolute k value and not at the level of the pattern along the salinity gradient. Even so, the data obtained at the mouth of the estuary, in the area closest to a fully marine environment, indicated that after the initial biomass loss through leaching, P. australis decayed either very slowly, in the 5 mm, or not at all, in the 1 mm mesh bags. 相似文献
19.
Masaru Nakano Takeshi Nakamura Shin-ichiro Kamiya Yoshiyuki Kaneda 《Marine Geophysical Researches》2014,35(3):271-284
We conducted a detailed investigation of seismic activity from January 2011 to February 2013 along the Nankai trough off the Kii Peninsula, central Japan, by using data obtained from the DONET ocean-bottom observation network. The hypocenters are mostly within the subducting Philippine Sea (PHS) plate, although a few are along the plate boundary or in the sedimentary wedge below the Kumano forearc basin. The seismic activity can be separated into events above and below 20 km depth, which corresponds approximately to the Moho. The hypocenter distributions are distinctly different for these groups. The seismic activity in the oceanic crust can be further separated into three clusters. Most of the seismic activity recorded in our data represents aftershocks of the 2004 off the Kii Peninsula earthquakes (M JMA = 7.1, 7.4, and 6.5), which occurred in the PHS plate. The hypocenter distribution in the oceanic crust correlates well with the location of the Paleo-Zenisu ridge, which is formed by a chain of seamounts that is subducting beneath the forearc basin. The hypocenters in the uppermost mantle are aligned on a plane dipping to the southeast, consistent with the existence of a thrust fault cutting through the lithosphere of the oceanic plate. The focal mechanisms of the earthquakes show that the axis of compressive stress in the PHS plate is oriented N–S, almost perpendicular to the direction of plate convergence, indicating a complex tectonic regime in this region. These results suggest that intraplate shortening may be occurring in the subducting oceanic plate. 相似文献
20.
侏罗纪洋壳为现存最古老的海洋地壳, 残留在地球表面上很少, 目前对于侏罗纪洋壳的断裂特征和构造变形了解很少。本文利用高分辨率的反射地震剖面精细解释了位于西太平洋的侏罗纪洋壳基底、沉积地层和断裂结构, 发现在研究区存在基底断层、沉积断层和垮塌断层三种类型的断裂构造, 并对其走向、倾角、断距等几何参数与变形特征进行了推测和定量研究。研究还发现, 基底断层是洋壳受到板块伸展拉张而产生的, 在后期海底沉积过程中持续发育并错断上覆沉积物, 在海底形成明显的断层陡坎。沉积断层是沉积地层自身重力作用的产物,受到沉积地层岩石性质的控制。垮塌断层是岩浆侵出或者侵入形成海山, 导致洋壳及其上覆沉积局部抬升并向两侧推移, 引起先存的基底断层和沉积断层重新错动产生的。研究区内切断洋壳基底和上覆沉积的活动断层的推测走向大体符合侏罗纪洋壳基底面起伏、重力异常骤变界面以及地磁异常条带等的走向, 表明这些断裂从侏罗纪洋中脊的海底扩张中演变而来, 并且持续活动至今。这些发育在古老洋壳上的断层能够长时间让水进入岩石圈并进入俯冲带及地球内部, 从而促进地球水循环。尽管目前尚未发现这些断裂产生大地震, 但这些断层可能随着板块俯冲而演变成俯冲带地震大断裂, 今后研究应该关注这类断层在靠近海沟之前的演化规律和潜在地震风险。 相似文献