共查询到18条相似文献，搜索用时 187 毫秒
1.
本文基于时间分布参数设置,利用伴随同化方法,反演了Ekman模型中随时间变化的风应力拖曳系数,并在孪生实验和实际实验中对该方法进行了验证。在孪生实验中,研究了参数反演结果对不同影响因素的响应,包括:风速分布、风应力系数分布、风应力系数初始猜测值、风应力系数独立变量个数、观测数据误差和观测的深度。孪生实验结果验证了伴随同化方法反演Ekman模型中时变风应力系数的有效性,具体包括如下五个方面结论:1)不同风速分布下均能成功反演出不同风应力拖曳系数分布; 2)反演结果对初始猜测值较为敏感,风应力系数初始猜测值越接近给定值,反演结果越好;3)风应力系数独立点个数的选取会显著影响反演结果,合理的选择有利于提高反演效率及减小观测数据误差;4)观测误差能够影响反演结果,观测数据误差在20%以下时能取得合理的反演结果; 5)反演结果对观测数据的表层和次表层流速更为敏感,这是由Ekman流的物理性质决定的。实际实验,利用百慕大锚系试验平台的风速和流速数据,去除周期性潮流和地转流成分后得到Ekman流成分,并作为观测输入到该同化模型,反演出了适用于该区域和该时段的随时间变化的风应力系数。通过比较模拟流速和观测流速,证明利用伴随同化方法能从实测数据中反演出合理的时变风应力系数,对于海洋模型风应力系数的确定是一项有益的尝试。 相似文献
2.
在悬沙输运的数值模拟中,初始场的准确给定至关重要。目前诸多确定初始场的方案均存在一定的缺陷,初始场的准确性有待进一步提高。本文基于一个三维悬沙输运伴随同化模型,通过孪生实验和实际实验,对模型初始场进行了伴随法反演研究。在孪生实验中,首先验证了初始场的相对重要性;其次,探讨了初始场的反演结果对优化算法、初始猜测值、卫星遥感数据数量、同化时间窗口宽度和背景流场误差的敏感性;最后,比较了伴随法和插值法重构初始场的能力。孪生实验结果表明:最速下降法对初始场的优化反演效果要优于三种共轭梯度法和有限记忆BFGS法;初始场的反演效果对初始猜测值、卫星遥感数据数量和背景流场误差不敏感,而对同化窗口宽度较为敏感;与插值法相比,伴随法是重构模型初始场更有效的手段。实际实验中,在杭州湾海域同化典型的小潮时期和大潮时期的GOCI卫星遥感资料所得表层悬沙浓度数据,优化反演了初始场。实际实验结果表明:数据同化后,得到了更符合实际的最优初始场,表明伴随法是实现初始场优化反演的有效手段。该研究对进一步改进悬沙输运模型的初始化方案具有一定的参考价值,也对其他数值模型的初始化方案具有一定的借鉴价值。 相似文献
3.
本文利用伴随方法,将垂直10层,为期10d的"观测资料"同化到Ekman风海流模型中,同时反演出垂直涡动粘性系数和风应力系数,并设计了3组实验,分别讨论了优化步长、反向积分时间和给定的垂直涡动粘性系数的垂直分布对反演结果的影响。实验结果表明:在反演垂直涡动粘性系数时设置的优化步长的4种方案,其反演结果都能令人满意,其中方案3的反演效果最好;随着反向积分时间的增加,垂直涡动粘性系数的绝对平均差异迅速减小到一个极值,然后以振荡形式减小到最小值;当给定的垂直涡动粘性系数在Ekman底层随深度增加而增大时,反演结果距给定值偏离较大,其余的分布情形都能得到很好的反演效果;在所做的3组实验中,风应力系数的反演都是成功的。 相似文献
4.
南大洋Ekman输运是全球大气-海洋耦合气候系统的重要组成部分,对该区域Ekman动力过程的研究极为重要。首先基于实测数据和文献资料,对GEKCO2(Geostrophicand EkmanCurrent Observatory2)产品提供的Ekman流数据进行了评估,验证了数据的有效性;并结合CCMP(cross-calibratedmulti-platform)、ERA5(thefifthgenerationEuropeancentreformedium-range weatherforecastsatmosphericreanalysis)风场数据,采用经验正交函数分析法(empiricalorthogonal function,EOF)等方法分析了2010—2018年南大洋Ekman流的时空变化规律。结果表明:(1)南大洋Ekman流速集中在9—11 cm/s,且具有很强的月际变化特征(7月最强, 12月最弱);(2)南大洋40°S以北海域是Ekman流速随时间变化较大的区域;(3)南大洋Ekman流速的EOF分析显示:第一模态和风场存在较强的相关性,表现为流速在整体上同时增强或减弱;第二模态和南半球中高纬大气环流存在较强的相关性,表现为以50°S为界南北流速反向变化;(4)Ekman流左偏角度集中在60°—75°,其中概率密度最大值处所对应的角度为67.5°。通过矢量相关分析,得到30°—35°S海域的平均偏角存在月际变化。南大洋的Ekman动力过程对海洋环流和全球气候系统具有重大影响,本文对于进一步理解南大洋的Ekman过程具有一定的参考价值。 相似文献
5.
影响北极冰下海洋Ekman漂流垂直结构与深度因素的研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Ekman漂流是上层海洋普遍存在的一种运动形式。本文提出了用实测温盐数据计算冰下Ekman流速的计算方法,与2010年北极考察期间同步获取的海流剖面数据进行比较,获得了满意的结果。基于这个结果,可以通过比较容易获得的温盐数据,计算Ekman漂流垂直结构。海水层化的存在导致在跃层处湍流黏性系数减小,强烈抑制了流速的向下传播,致使Ekman漂流在跃层处完全消失。结果表明,冬季上层海洋漂流会发生在较大的深度上,而夏季海冰拖曳引起的漂流只能达到20～30m的深度。Ekman漂流的深度只与跃层的深度有关,与海冰的漂移速度无关。漂流层变浅意味着海冰拖曳做功产生的能量不能进入海洋深处,而是在很浅的表层水体内积聚,有利于加剧海冰的底部融化。计算湍流黏性系数通常需要密度剖面和流速剖面的观测结果,在只有密度剖面的情况下,可以采用本文的方法计算Ekman漂流,获得上层海洋的湍流黏性系数剖面。 相似文献
6.
文章根据大量近期的海流观测资料和导出的一个简单数学模式,研究了长江口潮流的垂直结构,其结构的基本特征是:(1)最大流速随深度增加而变小。水深愈浅,变化速率愈大;(2)最大流速方向在本区西部自表层到底层不断向左偏,在东部则不断右偏;(3)最大流速到达时间随深度增加不断超前;(4)潮流旋转方向基本呈顺时针方向,越近海底潮流椭圆越扁;(5)全日潮流与半日潮流的比值随深度增加呈非线性变化,中层比表层和底层要小。海底摩擦力是造成以上垂直结构的主要原因。 相似文献
7.
基于高频地波雷达长周期适用性比测试验数据,主要从以下3个方面系统分析国产阵列式高频地波雷达矢量流控测效果:(1)时间有效采样率和覆盖率的空间分布;(2)与反演的流速匹配的现场观测深度;(3)不同区域的探测精度.长周期的海流验证表明,雷达海流可以有效地反映有效探测区内表层海流及其时空变化,高精度区流速流向的均方根误差(RMS)分别为7.5～19.3cm/s和15.5°～33.7°,尤其是高精度区核心区域的RMS仅为7.5～10.1 cm/s和15.5°～28.5°.边缘区流速流向的RMS为16.1～25.8 cm/s和39.5°～40.7°,与国内外达到业务化运行要求的同类产品实际观测精度相当. 相似文献
8.
利用业务化海表面温度和海冰分析系统的海表面温度(SST)数据,分析了十年间(2008—2017年)冬季南海的表层黑潮入侵,可将南海表层黑潮的入侵可分为西向入侵型和西北向入侵型两种方式。利用经验正交函数对SST场和海表面风场进行分解,发现可用SST场第二模态时间系数来表征黑潮入侵形式的年际变化趋势,用风场的第二模态时间系数表征风向的变化。通过Ekman流场分析发现吕宋海峡南部海域风向的年际变化与冬季表层黑潮入侵形式的年际变化存在着密切联系,但这个风向的改变并非是影响表层黑潮入侵形式的唯一因素。 相似文献
9.
数据同化反演风应力拖曳系数以及垂向涡动黏性系数的分布 总被引：5，自引：1，他引：5
所作的孪生实验表明:通过利用变分优化控制技术将气象学和海洋学(表层和次表层)的观测资料同化到海洋的埃克曼层模型中,可将未知的边界条件(风应力拖曳系数)和垂向涡动黏性系数的分布同时反演出来. 相似文献
10.
提高海洋表层流的精度与分辨率对于相关应用领域至关重要。研究引入海表面温度(sea surface temperature,SST)信息对高度计导出流场的改进效果,计算了2018年每日无间隔的全球海洋表层流速度。通过增加热量守恒方程约束,引入卫星测温产品,在地转流基础上生成表层流产品,并与现场漂流浮标速度比较,评估了使用多源卫星遥感获取海流的质量。研究表明,本文方法在不改变沿等温线的切向流速分量的前提下,沿等温线的法向流速分量得到了改进,方法能充分利用海表温度信息提取流场特征信息;方法不适用于海表面温度梯度较小区域,在梯度较大区域可获得明显改进;优化流场能更好地刻画海面海流变化,证明结合卫星测高与卫星测温可改善海洋表层流动;存在强烈中尺度活动和热梯度区域,增加SST观测能够弥补测高资料的不足。 相似文献
11.
基于Jenkins(1989)建立的包含Stokes漂流、风输入和波耗散影响的修正Ekman模型,采用Paskyabi等(2012)使用的推广的Donelan等(1987)中的谱和波耗散函数,并利用Paskyabi等(2012)中修正方法给出的包含高频波的风输入函数,在粘性不依赖于水深及粘性随深度线性变化的条件下,研究了包含高频毛细重力波的随机表面波对Stokes漂流和Song(2009)导出的波浪修正定常Ekman流解的影响。结果表明高频表面波使Stokes漂流在海表面剪切加强,对定常Ekamn流解的影响通常不能忽略,但对Ekman流场的角度偏转影响很小。最后,将考虑高频表面波尾谱影响所估算的定常Ekman流解与已有观测结果以及经典Ekman解进行了比对分析。 相似文献
12.
Zhaoyun Chen Xiao-Hai Yan Yuwu Jiang Lide Jiang Young-Heon Jo 《Journal of Oceanography》2013,69(4):443-450
Satellite images of sea surface temperature (SST) show that the location of cross-shore SST minimum (LCSM) stretches along the isobaths in the Northwest Africa Upwelling System. To understand and interpret these observations better, we set up a two-dimensional analytical model that takes into account the surface and bottom Ekman transport and the alongshore geostrophic current, as well as bottom friction and variations in bottom topography. The structure of vertical velocity with a realistic topography clearly illustrates the variations of SST drop in a sample cross-shore section. Some idealized theoretical model experiments are carried out to examine the effects of eddy viscosity, Coriolis force, and cross-shore wind on the location of the cross-shore maximum upwelling intensity. The results show that the cross-shore wind largely impacts on the location where the coldest water outcrops to the surface through an adjustment of the cross-shore pressure gradient. This is also verified by the remotely sensed data, which indicate that the maximum correlation coefficient between cross-shore wind stress and the depth of LCSM is ?0.65 with a lag of approximately 1 day. 相似文献
13.
Masahiro Endoh 《Journal of Oceanography》1977,33(1):30-37
Simple numerical experiments on two-dimensional coastal upwelling are made with emphasis on the role of non-geostrophic solenoidal field of density in the formation of double-celled circulation and multi-celled density front. Geometry of shelf and slope is not taken into account. Existence of poleward undercurrent presumably caused by the longshore variation of the large scale pressure field is also suppressed for the sake of simplicity.The results are, (1) double-celled circulation revealed in the present experiment is closely related with the internal frictional layer, where the horizontal density gradient balances with the vertical gradient of the longshore velocity and the vertical diffusion of the vorticity. (2) density front formed by the emergence of the pycnocline to the sea surface is successively advected offshoreward by the Ekman transport. (3) the pycnocline intersecting the sea surface forms the density front which is nearly vertical on account of the small scale convection. The surface currents converge at the front and construct an anti-clockwise circulation (viewed from the lee side). (4) small coefficient of eddy viscosity and strong wind stress lead the Ekman transport unstable and form a multi-celled structure in the frontal region. 相似文献
14.
Estimation of eddy viscosity on the South China Sea shelf with adjoint assimilation method 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
The eddy viscosity of the ocean is an important parameter indicating the small-scale mixing process in the oceanic interior water column.Ekman wind-driven current model and adjoint assimilation technique are used to calculate the vertical profiles of eddy viscosity by fitting model results to the observation data.The data used in the paper include observed wind data and ADCP data obtained at Wenchang Oil Rig on the SCS (the South China Sea) shelf in August 2002.Different simulations under different wind conditions are analyzed to explore how the eddy viscosity develops with varying wind field.The results show that the eddy viscosity endured gradual variations in the range of 10-3-10-2 m2/s during the periods of wind changes.The mean eddy viscosity undergoing strong wind could rise by about 25% as compared to the value under weak wind. 相似文献
15.
本文通过假定底边界层湍黏性的三次多项式参数化形式,基于简化的Navier–Stokes方程,并利用超几何方程的性质,推导出了湍流粗糙底边界层的速度解析解。同时,得到了底边界层内其他的动力参数,如底剪应力、Ekman传输、Ekman抽吸及近底部速度分布场,从理论上讨论了均匀混合底边界层特征量分布特征。通过数值结果分析,进一步得出底边界层的总速度、亏损速度及其剪应力受平均流的角频率和地球自转影响比较大;而底边界层的动力结构对于底边界层顶部粗糙度不敏感。该涡黏性模式从理论上丰富了底边界层涡黏性的形式,为底边界层的动力系统研究提供了借鉴和理论参考。 相似文献
16.
An approximate solution of wave-modified Ekman current for gradually varying eddy viscosity 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Jin-Bao Song Yan-Song Huang 《Deep Sea Research Part I: Oceanographic Research Papers》2011,58(6):668-676
An approximate steady solution of the wave-modified Ekman current is presented for gradually varying eddy viscosity by using the WKB method with the variation of parameters technique. The parameters involved in the solution can be determined by the two-dimensional wavenumber spectrum of ocean waves, wind speed, the Coriolis parameter and the densities of air and water. The solution reduces to the exact solution when the eddy viscosity is taken as a constant. As illustrative examples, for a fully developed wind-generated sea with different wind speeds and a few proposed gradually varying eddy viscosities, the current profiles calculated from the approximate solutions are compared with those of the exact solutions or numerical ones by using the Donelan and Pierson wavenumber spectrum, the WAM wave model formulation for wind input energy to waves, and wave energy dissipation converted to currents. It is shown that the approximate solution presented has an elegant form and yet would be valid for any given gradually varying eddy viscosity. The applicability of the solution method to the real ocean is discussed following the comparisons with published observational data and with the results from a large eddy simulation of the Ekman layer. 相似文献
17.
Takashi Ichiye 《Journal of Oceanography》1970,26(6):340-353
Scaling of the equations of motion of the Antarctic Circumpolar Current indicates that the Rossby number and the Ekman number
are 10−4 to 10−5 but the vertical Ekman number may reach unity in the bottom boundary layer. The equations of motion are integrated vertically
from the surface to the bottom and averaged over a latitude circle. The resulting equation in the meridional direction is
predominantly geostrophic, whereas the main terms of the equation in the zonal direction are the wind stress and the bottom
stress. When the vertical eddy viscosity near the bottom is of the order of 102cm2/sec, the total zonal transport through the Drake Passage computed from the balance of the wind stress and the bottom stress
equals 260×106m3/sec, the amount determined byReid andNowlin (1970) from observations.
The northward transport reduces the eastward transport corresponding to the wind stress of the westerlies in the A. C. C.
through the Coriolis' term in the vertically integrated equation of motion of the zonal direction. South of the Drake Passage,
such reduction reaches about ten percent of the wind-driven transport mainly due to the peripheral water discharge. North
of the Drake Passage, the northward transport may be generated by the effect of the South American coast which prevents free
eastward movement of the A. C. C., causing a wake to the east. This transport may contribute to a part of the northward transport
of the bottom water postulated byMunk (1966). The effect of the horizontal eddy viscosity in the zonal transport equation is negligible except near the Antarctic
coast, if the eddy viscosity is less than 109cm2/sec. 相似文献
18.
Jin-Bao Song 《Deep Sea Research Part I: Oceanographic Research Papers》2009,56(5):659-671
The response of near-surface current profiles to wind and random surface waves are studied based on the approach of Jenkins [1989. The use of a wave prediction model for driving a near surface current model. Dtsch. Hydrogr. Z. 42, 134–149] and Tang et al. [2007. Observation and modeling of surface currents on the Grand Banks: a study of the wave effects on surface currents. J. Geophys. Res. 112, C10025, doi:10.1029/2006JC004028]. Analytic steady solutions are presented for wave-modified Ekman equations resulting from Stokes drift, wind input and wave dissipation for a depth-independent constant eddy viscosity coefficient and one that varies linearly with depth. The parameters involved in the solutions can be determined by the two-dimensional wavenumber spectrum of ocean waves, wind speed, the Coriolis parameter and the densities of air and water, and the solutions reduce to those of Lewis and Belcher [2004. Time-dependent, coupled, Ekman boundary layer solutions incorporating Stokes drift. Dyn. Atmos. Oceans. 37, 313–351] when only the effects of Stokes drift are included. As illustrative examples, for a fully developed wind-generated sea with different wind speeds, wave-modified current profiles are calculated and compared with the classical Ekman theory and Lewis and Belcher's [2004. Time-dependent, coupled, Ekman boundary layer solutions incorporating Stokes drift. Dyn. Atmos. Oceans 37, 313–351] modification by using the Donelan and Pierson [1987. Radar scattering and equilibrium ranges in wind-generated waves with application to scatterometry. J. Geophys. Res. 92, 4971–5029] wavenumber spectrum, the WAM wave model formulation for wind input energy to waves, and wave energy dissipation converted to currents. Illustrative examples for a fully developed sea and the comparisons between observations and the theoretical predictions demonstrate that the effects of the random surface waves on the classical Ekman current are important, as they change qualitatively the nature of the Ekman layer. But the effects of the wind input and wave dissipation on surface current are small, relative to the impact of the Stokes drift. 相似文献