共查询到20条相似文献，搜索用时 31 毫秒
1.
Canada׳s Department of Fisheries and Oceans (DFO) conducts annual surveys in the Labrador Sea along the repeat hydrography line AR7W. The occupation of the AR7W line in May 2013 was followed by the experiment aimed at resolving the imprint of melting drifting icebergs on the upper layer thermohaline characteristics in the Labrador Sea. We present high-resolution observations around two icebergs conducted with the towed undulating platform Moving Vessel Profiler (MVP). The first iceberg drifted in relatively warm water of Atlantic origin (~2.5–3.1 °C) off Greenland, while the second iceberg was on the Labrador shelf in cold water below 0 °C. Both icebergs had a lengthscale of O(100 m). In both cases surface buoyant plumes fed by melt water and attached to the iceberg were observed. The plumes were evident in the anomalous thermohaline characteristics of the seawater. Their density anomalies were sufficiently strong to produce visible frontal structures, which imply a development of the intrinsic dynamics associated with a plume. The first plume formed over a time interval of ~10 h, while the second plume formed over several days and extended for more than 1 km (tenfold the iceberg׳s size). Strong vertical displacements of the pycnocline were observed near the second iceberg. They are interpreted as the internal wave wake. This interpretation is based on the temporal scale of these oscillations (local buoyancy frequency), as well as on the spatial orientation of these waves with respect to the iceberg drift relative to the pycnocline. The observed internal waves partially overlapped with the plume and affected its structure. The saline seawater splashing by swell contributed to the surface melting of the icebergs. Scaling analysis of the second plume suggests that it could be in the “rotational” dynamic regime with recirculating anticyclonic flow. 相似文献
2.
J.N. Schwarz M.P. Schodlok 《Deep Sea Research Part I: Oceanographic Research Papers》2009,56(10):1727-1741
Icebergs that calve from the Antarctic ice shelves and drift in the Southern Ocean melt to deliver fresh water, dust and minerogenic particles to the surface ocean along the iceberg's path. Each of these components may have an effect on growth conditions for phytoplankton, as might the mechanical effects of the iceberg keel disturbing the water. Although anecdotal and small-scale surveys suggest that drifting icebergs increase local primary production, no large-scale studies have been reported. An analysis of satellite and automated iceberg tracking data from the Weddell Sea, covering the months October to March, from 1999 to 2004, showed that the probability of increased surface phytoplankton biomass was up to one-third higher in the wake of a tracked iceberg compared to background biomass fluctuations. Only during the month of February were the effects of icebergs on surface biomass likely to be negative, whereas background biomass fluctuations were likely to be negative during March. These results confirm icebergs as a factor affecting phytoplankton in the Southern Ocean and highlight the need for detailed process studies so that responses to future changes in the Antarctic ice sheets may be predicted. 相似文献
3.
通过迭代CFAR算法,本文发展了一种针对分块SAR图像的冰山检测方法。考虑到滑动窗口运算负担大、计算效率低,首先对SAR图像进行分块,以提取分块内的亮目标冰山。利用高斯模型表征后向散射系数的统计分布,冰山检测阈值可简单地表达为均值和方差的线性组合,将分块内像素逐个比对阈值以检测冰山。考虑到同一场景中尺寸变化大的冰山影响检测精度,以识别的冰山像素做种子执行区域生长,从而提取大尺寸的冰山。针对单个分块迭代上述处理,以降低高斯模型表征分块统计分布的误差,提高冰山检测精度。利用2013年11月22日和29日获取自极地海域的两景RADARSAT-2图像开展验证试验。结果表明,数量多、尺寸变化大并嵌入在海冰等极地常见情形下的冰山,能被文中方法有效识别,选取区域内正确率高达85%以上,且具有良好的运行效率。 相似文献
4.
One of the tasks being completed while oil pollution monitoring in the Black Sea, was a study of natural seepage. Two known oil seeps are located in the southeastern section, the Georgian sector, from which crude oil enters the marine environment. The archives of European Space Agency and ScanEx Research and Development Center have a considerable quantity of synthetic aperture radar (SAR) images acquired in 1993–2011 by the ERS-1/2, Envisat, and Radarsat-1 satellites, on which seep oil slicks are clearly visible in this region. Processing of the collected SAR images with detected slicks in combination with the geoinformation approach has revealed a link of these slicks with the bottom sources on the local sedimentary structure in the Southeast Black Sea; their analysis provides both new insight into this phenomenon and new information to help understand nature of these oil seeps. On the basis of an analysis of collected SAR images and detailed bathymetric data, information on the source positions on the bottom and estimates of oil volumes entering the sea surface are obtained. 相似文献
5.
Jochem I. Jongma Emmanuelle Driesschaert Thierry Fichefet Hugues Goosse Hans Renssen 《Ocean Modelling》2009,26(1-2):104-113
Melting icebergs are a mobile source of fresh water as well as a sink of latent heat. In most global climate models, the spatio-temporal redistribution of fresh water and latent heat fluxes related to icebergs is parameterized by an instantaneous more or less arbitrary flux distribution over some parts of the oceans. It is uncertain if such a parameterization provides a realistic representation of the role of icebergs in the coupled climate system. However, icebergs could have a significant climate role, in particular during past abrupt climate change events which have been associated with armada’s of icebergs. We therefore present the interactive coupling of a global climate model to a dynamic thermodynamic iceberg model, leading to a more plausible spatio-temporal redistribution of fresh water and heat fluxes. We show first that our model is able to reproduce a reasonable iceberg distribution in both hemispheres when compared to recent data. Second, in a series of sensitivity experiments we explore cooling and freshening effects of dynamical icebergs on the upper Southern Ocean and we compare these dynamic iceberg results to the effects of an equivalent parameterized iceberg flux.In our model without interactive icebergs, the parameterized fluxes are distributed homogeneously South of 55°S, whereas dynamic icebergs are found to be concentrated closer to shore except for a plume of icebergs floating North–East from the tip of the Antarctic Peninsula. Compared to homogeneous fluxes, the dynamic icebergs lead to a 10% greater net production of Antarctic bottom water (AABW). This increased bottom water production involves open ocean convection, which is enhanced by a less efficient stratification of the ocean when comparing to a homogeneous flux distribution.Icebergs facilitate the formation of sea-ice. In the sensitivity experiments, both the fresh water and the cooling flux lead to a significant increase in sea-ice area of 12% and 6%, respectively, directly affecting the highly coupled and interactive air/sea/ice system. The consequences are most pronounced along the sea-ice edge, where this sea-ice facilitation has the greatest potential to affect ocean stratification, for example by heat insulation and wind shielding, which further amplifies the cooling and freshening of the surface waters. 相似文献
6.
A. Yu. Ivanov M. Yu. Dostovalov A. A. Sineva 《Izvestiya Atmospheric and Oceanic Physics》2012,48(9):1014-1026
Based on the processing and analysis of radar imagery received by the Radarsat-2 satellite in summer 2009 over the Oil Rocks (Neftyanyye Kamni or Neft Dashlari) oil production site in the Caspian Sea, it is shown that the images are full-fledged products, making it possible to retrieve information on the oil pollution and, under certain assumptions, estimate volumes of industrial oil spills. To map the space-time distribution of oil patches, the wide-swath mode of the Radarsat-2 synthetic aperture radar (SAR) with vertical VV polarization of signal is most suitable. The polarimetric regime itself does not improve the identification of oil pollution. The special quad-polarization mode in these experiments has not showed substantial advantages; the maximum contrasts were observed at vertical polarization. Estimates of oil spills volumes are obtained. 相似文献
7.
Kay I. Ohshima Toshiyuki Kawamura Takatoshi Takizawa Shuki Ushio 《Journal of Oceanography》1994,50(3):365-372
Step-like thermohaline structure was observed near icebergs trapped by fast ice in Lützow-Holm Bay, Antarctica. The structure was developed within the draft depth of the icebergs. The typical vertical distance between the succeeding step surfaces is 20–30 m, and the temperature and salinity differences across the step surface are about 0.05–0.06 deg and 0.06–0.10 psu, respectively. The structure appears to be generated by a sea-water/iceberg interaction, and is explainable by a simple model in which an ice wall is placed in the ocean linearly stratified by vertical salinity gradient. 相似文献
8.
A software detection model has been developed to predict the returned Doppler spectrum for an iceberg target for ground-wave Doppler radars. This software model is based on proposed new estimates for the backscattered Doppler-dependent iceberg cross section for assumed iceberg models, as well as the backscattered Doppler spectrum from the ocean surface. The model includes estimates for forward and reverse transmission losses, based on classical spherical earth derivations. In addition, the transmission losses account for the effects of surface roughness through a modified surface impedance. Standard estimates for man-made and atmospheric noise have been considered in the detection model. A comparison between the results predicted by the detection model and data acquired during an experiment conducted at Byron Bay, Labrador, Canada has been effected. The hardware used for the experiment was an HF Doppler radar operating at 25.40 MHz. The transmitting antenna was a three-element Yagi array and the receiving antenna a 24-element narrow-beam linear array. By using iceberg ground truthing information the Doppler spectrum for individual icebergs was predicted using the software model. The predicted spectra were compared with the received spectra on a target signal-to-noise power ratio basis. The results of this comparison give a degree of confidence to the detection model and show that ground-wave radars are effective ice hazard remote sensors. 相似文献
9.
10.
《Ocean Modelling》2011,40(3-4):405-410
The variability of small-size iceberg distributions is revealed from a novel analysis of satellite altimeter data. A strong annual cycle is modulated by pulse-like events confined to single ocean basins, with dense iceberg populations in the South Atlantic in 2004–2005, and in the South Pacific in 2008. Anomalies in sea surface temperatures of the order of 1 °C may be related to the iceberg distribution. Icebergs also appear very strongly associated with anomalies in the heights of ocean waves. A preliminary parameterization of wave blocking by icebergs significantly reduces wave model errors in the region south of 45° South, and has a perceptible influence on all the west coasts of the Southern hemisphere. 相似文献
11.
Khan R. Gamberg B. Power D. Walsh J. Dawe B. Pearson W. Millan D. 《Oceanic Engineering, IEEE Journal of》1994,19(4):540-548
Northern Radar's Cape Race Ground Wave Radar (GWR) system became operational in the fall of 1990. The radar facility has the potential to provide surveillance of over 160000 square kilometres of the Grand Banks off Newfoundland, from a coastal station. GWR is a multipurpose sensor capable of detecting ships, monitoring icebergs and sea-ice, and measuring surface currents and sea state. The radar system employs a frequency modulated interrupted continuous wave (FMICW) as the transmit waveform. This waveform uses a pulse compression technique that combines good range resolution and high maximum range with a relatively high duty cycle. In this paper, we describe the implementation of the FMICW waveform in a practical real time radar system. We also show some examples of vessel, iceberg, acid aircraft detection and tracking using the Cape Race facility. These examples demonstrate that the Cape Race GWR may be used as an effective tool to assist in the management, surveillance, and enforcement of Canadian interests in the Exclusive Economic Zone 相似文献
12.
Side-scan sonar and sub-bottom profiling investigations of the Iceland-Faeroe Ridge have revealed the widespread presence
of iceberg plowmarks at water depths between 750 and 860 m. This is well beyond the maximum water depth reported for ice scouring
in the adjacent areas of the North Atlantic. An exceptionally deep iceberg plowmark was found at the southern flank of the
ridge, which could be traced down to 940 m water depth. Supported by published nearby sediment core data, a Saalian (MIS 6)
age of that iceberg plowmark is suggested. Considering a glacial sea level of 120 m below present, the paleo-draft of this
iceberg is estimated to have been at least 820 m. The keel depth of such giant icebergs drifting in the glacial northern North
Atlantic significantly exceeds the draft dimensions of large icebergs seen today in the Antarctic. The most likely source
area for this extreme deep-draft type of iceberg is inferred to be southern Greenland. Plowmark direction, which in our case
indicates iceberg entrainment by the North Atlantic Current, is suggested to be a useful indicator of (sub)surface paleo-circulation
during late Pleistocene iceberg surging and deglaciation episodes. 相似文献
13.
The velocity and direction of internal waves (IWs) are important parameters of the ocean, however, traditional observation methods can only obtain the average parameters of IWs for a single location or large area. Herein, a new method based on optical flow is proposed to derive the phase velocity vectors of IWs from X-band marine radar images. First, the X-band marine radar image sequence is averaged, and ramp correction is used to reduce the attenuation of gray values with increasing radial range. Second, the average propagation direction of the IWs is determined using the two-dimensional Fourier transform of the radar images; two radial profiles along this direction are selected from two adjacent radar images; and then, the average phase velocity of the IWs is estimated from these radial profiles. Third, the averaged radar images are processed via histogram equalization and binarization to reduce the influence of noise on the radar images. Fourth, a weighting factor is determined using the average phase velocity of a reference point; the phase velocities on the wave crest of the IWs are subsequently estimated via the optical flow method. Finally, the proposed method is validated using X-band marine radar image sequences observed on an oil platform in the South China Sea, and the error of the phase velocity is calculated to be 0.000 3–0.073 8 m/s. The application conditions of the proposed method are also discussed using two different types of IW packets. 相似文献
14.
15.
Homologous feature point extraction is a key problem in the optical and synthetic aperture radar （SAR） image registration for islands. A new feature point extraction method using a threshold shrink operator and non-subsampled wavelet transform （TSO-NSWT） for optical and SAR image registration was proposed. Moreover, the matching for this proposed feature was different from the traditional feature matching strategies and was performed using a similarity measure computed from neighborhood circles in low-frequency bands. Then, a number of reliably matched couples with even distributions were obtained, which assured the accuracy of the registration. Application of the proposed algorithm to SPOT-5 （multi-spectral） and YG-1 （SAR） images showed that a large number of accurately matched couples could be identified. Additionally, both of the root mean square error （RMSE） patterns of the registration parameters computed based on the TSO-NSWT algorithm and traditional NSWT algorithm were analyzed and compared, which further demonstrated the effectiveness of the proposed algorithm. The algorithm can supply the crucial step for island image registration and island recognition. 相似文献
16.
Zimin A. V. Atazhanova O. A. Romanenkov D. A. Kozlov I. E. Chapron B. 《Izvestiya Atmospheric and Oceanic Physics》2021,57(12):1705-1711
Izvestiya, Atmospheric and Oceanic Physics - This paper presents the results of the analysis of the archive of radar images of Envisat Advanced Synthetic Aperture Radar (ASAR) and Radarsat-1,2 for... 相似文献
17.
A mathematical model to predict iceberg drift pattern has been developed, which includes the wave drift force, in addition to the other conventional force components such as forces due to wind, current, Coriolis effect, and geostrophic effect. Trajectories of two icebergs were computed first with the wave effect then without the wave effect. All were compared with the observed results from the field. The model with the wave effect shows a significant improvement in the correlation. 相似文献
18.
Oceanology - The drift of the large (length 160 km, area 5800 km2) A68A iceberg in the western part of the Weddell Sea is considered. Analysis was carried out on the basis of satellite images and... 相似文献
19.
Weiguo Wang Mengwei Zhao Yanguang Liu Min Jiang Chengqiang Wu Yang Liu 《海洋学报(英文版)》2021,40(10):106-117
The grain size distribution of bulk sediment samples was decomposed in a core to reconstruct paleoceanographic evolution over the past 60 ka in the northern Norwegian Sea. The results show that sediments consisted of 3–4 grain populations derived from the North Atlantic Current (NAC) and Barents Ice Sheet (BIS). The grain size data suggest three palaeoceanographic evolution stages: (1) an environment affected by BIS and NAC and changed with the interstadial/stadial transition in phase with the Greenland ice-core record at 60–31 ka BP, during which discharge of icebergs and the content of the coarsest population containing ice-rafted debris (IRD) in the sediments increased significantly during stadial, while the fine silt population containing volcanic glasses increased with the enhancement of NAC during the interstadial; (2) an extreme environment controlled by BIS at 31–13 ka BP. BIS reached to its maximum at about 31 ka BP and the turbid plumes that formed at the leading edge of BIS contributed to a significant increase in the clayey population in sediments. Icebergs drained into the northern Norwegian Sea with periodical calving of the BIS at 31–19 ka BP. Subsequently, the ablation of the BIS discharged massive floods with clayey sediments and icebergs into the Norwegian Sea at 19–13 ka BP, resulting in a constant increase in clay and IRD in sediments; and (3) a marine environment similar to the present one under the strong influence of NAC following the complete melting of the BIS after 13 ka BP, NAC is the dominant transport agent and no IRD occurred in sediments. The fine silt populations containing volcanic glasses transported by NAC significantly increased. 相似文献
20.
基于Radarsat-2全极化SAR、GF-1多光谱、Landsat-8多光谱影像,利用PCA变换、HSV变换等方法,分析了同空间分辨率的SAR与光学全色影像的信息量,并评价了其分别与Landsat-8多光谱影像的融合结果。结果表明:全极化SAR影像较全色影像的亮度高,图像标准差、信息熵及平均梯度总体趋于一致,信息量相当;融合影像目视效果相近,且SAR融合影像较光学融合影像包含的信息量更为丰富,利用高分全极化SAR影像替代光学全色影像开展海岸带遥感监测是可行的。 相似文献