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Jinqu Zhang 《制图学和地理信息科学》2013,40(1):44-53
A method based on graphic entity for map symbol visualization in vector-based web mapping is proposed. The method is especially effective for complex geological symbols. It has three parts: graphic entity library, symbol synthesizer, and synthesis specifications. The design process is described as the application of the method to symbols representing point, line, and polygon features in web mapping. The method works with Flash, SVG, or other mapping technologies. We chose Flash to visualize geological disaster information for the Guangdong province in China. The case study demonstrates that this graphic entity-based method can meet the demands for interactive symbolization and complex symbol visualization in Internet web mapping. It produces good results, is fast, and is easy to operate. This makes it especially suitable for web-mapping applications, especially vector-based and hybrid WebGIS applications which display complex symbols. 相似文献
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在电子地图符号化的过程中,视觉变量是关键。本文通过分析电子地图条件下视觉变量以及符号构成元素在符号生成过程中的不足,提出了符号构成变量的概念;研究了符号构成变量的内涵及其表现形式,探讨了基于符号构成变量的多种符号生成模式;在此基础上实现了电子地图符号快速生成模块,对理论进行了验证,实验证明能够提高电子地图符号的科学性和美观性,且便于技术实现。对电子地图条件下符号构成变量及其生成模式的研究,一方面加深了对视觉变量的认识,促进了电子地图制图理论的发展;另一方面,理论联系实际,也为电子地图制图技术的发展提供了新的途径,将促进电子地图符号自动生成、电子地图制图个性化、自动化和智能化的发展。 相似文献
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用计算机模拟人类制图员解决地图缩编中的图形冲突 总被引：9，自引：0，他引：9
费立凡 《武汉大学学报(信息科学版)》2004,29(5):426-432
针对地图综合中因道路符号的夸大表示而引起的道路与建筑物的图形冲突,提出了让计算机模拟人类制图员具备视觉及分析功能的具体方法,设计了一种新颖的栅格-矢量混合数据结构,以便通过将移位区内的所有建筑物分类,进行制图移位和受控变形等解决图形冲突。 相似文献
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地图制图是地理信息系统（GIS）的主要功能之一,地图符号在地图表达中有着重要的作用。针对ArcGIS在地图符号制作方面的不足,本文探讨了ArcGIS环境下辅助CorelDraw及Font Creator Program制作符合1：250000国标地图图式（GB／T20257．4—2007）的地图符号库的关键技术问题,剖析了ArcGIS9．3环境下点、线、面符号的制作方法,并基于所构建的True Type字体文件及符号库实现了1：250000国标地形图的符号化。结果表明：Coreldraw与Font Creator Program结合制作统一的字体文件及符号库可以较好地提高制图效率;对于Arc—GIS中的符号制作方式,True type字体方式有明显的优势。 相似文献
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《制图学和地理信息科学》2013,40(3):167-182
One of the most fundamental steps in map creation is the transformation of information from the surface of a globe onto a flat map. Mapmakers have developed and used hundreds of different map projections over the past 2,000 years, yet there is no perfect choice because every map projection uniquely alters some aspect of space during the transformation process. Detailed information about the type, amount, and distribution of distortion is essential for choosing the best projection for a particular map or data set. The distortion inherent in projections can be measured and symbolized much like any other map variable. Methods for symbolizing map projection distortion are reviewed, with each method described and illustrated in graphical form. The symbolization methods are collected under ten separate headings organized from simple to more complex in terms of interpretation. Most of these methods are highly effective at communicating distortion, yet they are rarely used beyond textbooks and technical documentation. Map projections and the distortions they carry need to be better understood by spatial data developers, distributors, and users. Map distortion should be carried along with map data as confidence layers, and the easily accessible distortion displays should be available to help in the selection of map projections. There is a suitably wide array of symbolization methods to match any need from basic education to research. 相似文献
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为了满足人们获取室内空间信息时多层次的认知需求,从室内空间的特点出发,以商城为例,对室内要素的分类分级体系进行梳理,在此基础上探讨兴趣点(point of inte-rest,POI)多尺度表达的符号模型;结合地图比例尺和用户需求设计了一套易于理解又能多层次表征要素信息的室内地图POI符号系统,并通过典型案例对其可行性进行制图实践检验。实践结果表明,所提出的多尺度POI符号化方案具有可行性,设计的符号集可以广泛运用到其他商城中,该思想可以运用于其他类型的室内地图。 相似文献
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《制图学和地理信息科学》2013,40(2):128-144
Prof. Dr. Eduard Imhof, dean of European cartographers, has been an astute student of the esthetic-scientific characteristics of the cartographic method. In this paper published 13 years ago, he draws upon his long experience in map design and production to formulate a series of precepts about positioning or locating the lettering on maps in relation to the various functional aspects of the map and the individual named features. Noting that legibility and clarity of the map depend on good name positioning—each name having only one optimum position on the map—he encourages the use of a graphic draft of lettering to determine this position. 相似文献
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Andrew Curtis 《制图学和地理信息科学》2013,40(2):177-178
National Geographic Society (NGS) has made several changes throughout the years in their choice of map projection for their world reference maps. The Van der Crinten I map projection was used from 1922 to 1988. Then, in 1988, it was replaced by the Robinson projection. Beginning in 1998, the Winkel Tripel became the map projection of choice for NCS' world maps. Given this change, cartographers and others who make maps may be interested in using the Winkel Tripel for custom applications. The goal of this paper is to show how Winkel Tripel's complex projection equations can be programmed using Visual Basic. Those who use other languages such as C++ can use this programming example to help them create a similar algorithm in their language of choice. 相似文献
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《制图学和地理信息科学》2013,40(1):19-24
Areal gray tone symbols produced on standard line printers seldom adhere to acceptable cartographic design standards. The recent development of matrix line printers provides an alternative means of producing more effective map symbolization with a device also suitable for ordinary character output. Matrix printers permit a greater range of gray tones in a regular sequence, more uniform symbol configuration, and improved print quality 相似文献
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基于SVG的地图符号设计与实现 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
讨论了基于SVG的网络地图符号的设计与显示问题;首先介绍了常用地图符号的描述模型和SVG的概念;然后根据地图符号的结构特征和SVG的自身特点, 提出基于SVG的地图符号描述模型;重点进行了点、线和面3种类型的基于SVG 地图符号设计,为地图符号的结构化描述和符号库共享提供了一种通用的实现方法,这些地图符号可以在WebGIS中得到充分应用.获得的结论对于相关技术及专业的应用研究具有一定的借鉴作用. 相似文献
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遥感影像符号化的研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
单纯的遥感影像信息量不够丰富,为了突出表现某些地物,充分反映地物的属性,需要对影像进行符号化。结合传统线划矢量地图的表现方法,采用将遥感影像作为底层,上层叠加矢量符号的方案来实现遥感影像的符号化,主要从影像与矢量符号的坐标匹配、矢量符号的设计等方面论述了遥感影像符号化的实现过程。 相似文献
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MicroStation环境下地图矢量数据全要素符号化研究 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
MicroStation是进行地图生产的图形编辑平台。把地图矢量数据在MicroStation中进行全要素符号化是实现其地图生产出版的首要条件。文中就符号化的各项工作进行了全面的论述 ,内容包括属性编码研究 ,符号库建立 ,分层规定 ,符号化控制表定义等 ,最后通过MDL编程实现了地图全要素的符号化。 相似文献
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朱敦尧 《武汉大学学报(信息科学版)》1987,(2)
本文探讨了制约地图符号设计的内在的基本规律,提出了地图符号的约定性原则和等价性原理。把作为地图符号的物质时象同传输过程中的地图符号区别开来,分析了地图符号的价值及价格,并对内涵地图符号和外延地图符号及其相互关系进行了研究,最后提出了新的地图符号分类原理。 相似文献