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1.
Chunye LIN Mengchang HE Baixing YAN Xiangchun QUAN Yuxiang ZHOU Wei GUO Zhifeng YANG 《中国地球化学学报》2006,25(B08):118-119
The Second Songhua River was subjected to a large amount of untreated effluent from petrochemical industries in Jilin City in the 1960s to the 1970s. The objectives of this study were to investigate the mercury and other heavy metal contamination in the sediment of the river. The river bottom sediment was sampled from the river segment between Jilin City to Haerbin City in 2005. Total concentrations of Hg, Cd, Cu, Cr, Pb, Zn, Ni, As, Sc, and major cations （A1, Fe, Mg, Ca, K, Na） in the sediment were measured by atomic fluorescence spectrometer, ICP-MS, and ICP-OES, respectively, following digestion with various acids. We found the concentrations of most elements in the uncontaminated sediment were significantly correlated to those of Sc. 相似文献
2.
Yonghua LI Linsheng YANG Wuyi WANG 《中国地球化学学报》2006,25(B08):244-244
Western Hunan Province is one of the most typical assembling areas of cryogenic metallic deposit in China, as well as a main ore-forming zone for some heavy metals. In the region, Hg and Pb pollution was caused by abnormally high concentrations of Hg, Pb in the natural environment and Hg, Pb exploiting/smelting and other human activities, which make the damage to human health more complicated. Generally, heavy metal pollutants in soil are often long-lasting and consequent, with their emission and/or transport into the environment, resulting in growing hazards to human health posed by elevated heavy metal concentrations in air, water, and food. Therefore, monitoring and understanding their behaviors in soil environment is the most important and urgent task. In this paper, the environmental behaviors and pollution characteristics of soil polluted by Hg and Pb in typical Hg and Pb mining areas in western Hunan were studied. Main results are presented as follows： （1） Western Hunan Province is a high regional geochemical abnormal region on Hg and Pb. The concentrations of Hg and Pb in soils in mercury mining areas were 1 315 and 3. l times higher than the average background of soils in China, respectively. While those in soils in lead mining areas are 14.1 and 6.1 times higher. By using the index of geoaccumulation （Igeo）, it was found that either mercury mining area or lead mining area in western Hunan Province has been polluted by the two elements, the majority of soils in mercury mining areas are seriously polluted by Hg, moderately or light polluted by Pb, while the majority of soils in lead mining areas are moderately or moderately-highly polluted by Pb and moderately-highly polluted by Hg. （2） By the BCR extraction procedures, both Hg and Pb in soils are dominated by residual form, followed by organic-sulfide form. Fe-Mn oxides and acid-exchangeable form are rather low. The total concentrations and each species of Hg and Pb in soils show positive correlations with the concentrations of sands, and negative ones with the concentrations of clays in soils. 相似文献
3.
The Working Group I report of the Sixth Assessment Report（AR6）of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change（IPCC）was released in August 2021. Base on updated and expanding data, AR6 presented the improved assessment of past changes and processes of cryosphere. AR6 also predicted the future changes us⁃ ing the models in CMIP6. The components of cryosphere were rapid shrinking under climate warming in the last decade. There were decreasing trends in Arctic sea-ice area and thickness. Sea-ice loss was significant. The Greenland Ice Sheet, the Antarctic Ice Sheet and all glaciers lost more mass than in any other decade. Global warming over the last decades had led to widespread permafrost warming, active layer thickness increasing and subsea permafrost extent reducing. Snow cover extent in the Northern Hemisphere also decreased significantly. However, the variations of snow depth and snow water equivalent showed great spatial heterogeneity. The rapid shrinking of the cryosphere accelerated the global mean sea level rise. The impact of human activities on cryo⁃ sphere will become more significant in the future. The Arctic sea-ice area will decrease, and the Arctic Ocean will likely become practically sea ice-free. The Greenland Ice Sheet, the Antarctic Ice Sheet and glaciers will continue to lose mass throughout this century. Permafrost and Northern Hemisphere snow cover extent will con⁃ tinue to decrease as global climate continues to warm. In addition, there are still uncertainties in the prediction of cryosphere due to the absence of observations, the poor sensitivity of models to the components and processes of cryosphere, and the inexplicit represent of the mechanism of light-absorbing impurities. More attentions should be paid on these issues in the future. © 2022 Science Press (China). All rights reserved. 相似文献
4.
Hongrui MA Yuqian MAO Junfeng JI Qiling LIAO Shunsheng HUANG 《中国地球化学学报》2006,25(B08):92-93
Intermittence belts of metal contaminated sediment have been formed along the urban riverside of the Yangtze River because of rapid urbanization and industrial development during the last three decades. Baguazhou Island, the third alluvial island in the lower reaches of the Yangtze River, was chosen to assess the contaminations level of Cd, Pb, Ni, Cr, Cu and Zn in suspended particulate matter （SPM）, recent sediments and sediment-derived soils. The relations between the metal concentrations and the grain size distributions in sediments were analyzed in order to explore the association of heavy metal settling with sediment deposition. The results showed that significantly high levels of Cd and Pb in SPM dominated enrichment factors （EFs） of recent sediments in the area of Baguazhou Island. High levels of Cd and Pb were found both in the riverine sediments and in the soils. However, the average levels of Cd and Pb in sediments were almost as twice as those in soil. About 43% of all sediment samples have EFCd≥1.5 and 14% with EFCd≥2. There are about 21% of the samples with EFPb≥1.5 and none of them has EFPb≥2. Meanwhile, soil samples with EFCd≥1.5 account for 39% of all 64 samples and no one with EFPb≥1.0. Most of the sediment samples contain more than 80% of fine grains lower than 60 μm in size, and few samples located in the site where flow eroding process dominates contain fine grains lower than 30%. Correlation analysis indicated that the concentrations of Cd and Pb in the sediments have significant relationships with grain size. 相似文献
5.
Cuihua CHEN Shijun NI Binbin HE Chengjiang ZHANG 《中国地球化学学报》2006,25(B08):27-28
Heavy metal contamination has attracted huge concern due to its toxicity, abundance and persistence in the environment, and subsequent accumulation in soil, sediment and water. Mining is one of the most important sources of heavy metals in the environment. Mining-milling operations and disposal of tailings （the finely ground remains of milled ores） in addition to smelting and metal refining provide significant sources of pollution. Mining and mineral processing in the Dexing region of China have been carried out for over forty years and have contaminated the soils with heavy metals, Many studies were conducted to assess and establish the extent of heavy metal contamination in the soils due to mining. The aim of this work was to assess the environmental impact of mining on soils in the Dexing region and to identify the main factors involved in heavy metals dispersion. A 4800 km^2 study area was assessed with respect to its heavy metals on the basis of the current guideline values. In order to assess the extent of heavy metals contamination resulting from past mining activities in the Dexing region, 919 soil samples were collected and analyzed for As, Hg, Cd, Cr, Zn, Cu and Pb, Heavy metals levels were determined using inductively couple plasma-atomic emission spectrometry and X-ray fluorescence spectrometry. Results of soil samples reported concentrations between 1.790-899 mg/kg for As, 0.034-4.980 mg/kg for Hg, 0.043-8.330 mg/kg for Cd, 10-666 mg/kg for Cr, 25-18500 mg/kg for Zn, 6-1825 mg/kg for Cu, and 16-1312 mg/kg for Pb, respectively. The maximum values of As, Hg, Cd, Cr, Zn, Cu and Pb concentration in soils were up to 60, 33, 41, 7, 185, 52 and 37 times higher than the tolerable level, respectively. Meanwhile, the single-factor pollution index and Nemerow pollution index were used to assess the environment quality of heavy metals contamination. 相似文献
6.
中国南极冰川学研究10 a回顾与展望 总被引：13，自引：7，他引：6
The study of Antarctic glaciology in China is reviewed with the emphasis on the past decade. Much progress has been achieved in the physical characteristics of the Antarctic ice sheet and caps and in the study of climatic and environmental records in Antarctic snow and ice. Through observations of snow profiles of numerous snow-pits and shallow cores in the Wilkes Land and Lambert Glacier basin and along the route of the 1990 International Trans-Antarctica Science Expedition (ITASE), the regional features of snow deposition and densification in Antarctica were revealed. The Nelson Island ice cap in South Shetland Islands was investigated in detail that greatly enriched the knowledge of glaciers under a sub-Antarctic maritime climate. From the analyses of shallow ice cores and surface snow samples, in particular those taken along the ITASE route, the systematic data of stable isotopes, soluble impurities and heavy metal Pb in present precipitation in Antarctica has been obtained. Some suggestions are proposed through discussing the present hot points in the above fields. 相似文献
7.
Afshin Qishlaqi Farid Moore 《中国地球化学学报》2006,25(B08):214-214
This preliminary work reported here dealt with potential impacts of wastewater irrigation on soils and crops sampled along the Koshk River canal in the suburban area of Shiraz City, Iran. It also attempts to assess the extent of heavy metal contamination in soils and crops and human exposure risk. For this purpose, samples including soils and plants were collected from two wastewater irrigated sites and a tubewell-irrigated site （marked by A, B and C）. Concentrations of the six heavy metals Ni, Pb, Cd, Zn, Cr and Cu were determined by AAS. Physical and chemical properties of soil samples were also determined. The PLIs and CF for soils and HQ （Hazard quotient） for some vegetables were calculated. The results showed that organic matter content increased from 22% to 30 % in wastewater-irrigated soils as compared to tubewell water irrigated and admixture water irrigated ones. The soil pH was raised by 2 units as a result of wastewater irrigation at site A compared to sites B and C. Wastewater irrigation also result in relatively high concentrations of Ni, Pb and Zn （275.5, 441.3 and 177 mg/kg, respectively） in wastewater irrigated soils over tubewell water irrigated soils. These levels are higher than the maximum permissible limits in unpolluted soils, indicating that a degree of contamination has occurred. This was confirmed by calculated PLIs and contamination factors in soil samples, The results also showed some crops cultivated at sites A and B contained high levels of Ni and Cd beyond the maximum permissible concentrations and those cultivated at site C. The concentrations of these heavy metals are within or very close to the critical levels. HQ indices and daily intake calculated in respect of metal contents in some vegetables （spinach, lettuce and celery） showed that toxic risk due to Cd in these vegetables and crops was greater than one. This study generally concludes that although the content of heavy metals did not reach toxic level, extensive use of untreated wastewater drawn from the Koshk River has obviously increased the contamination of Ni and Pb in soils and Cd in some vegetables cultivated along the canal, causing potential health risk in the long-term scense for consumers or local residents. 相似文献
8.
According to 73 snow samples collected in the southeast and southwest of Tibetan Plateau in January,2021,the characteristics of hydrogen and oxygen stable isotopes（δD and δ18O）fractionation in dry season and the influence of water vapor migration on the chemical composition change of snow profile were revealed by measuring the stable isotopes of hydrogen and oxygen and soluble inorganic ions in snow,and the relationship between stable isotopes of hydrogen and oxygen and climate and the composition and source of soluble inorganic ions were discussed. The results show that the local meteoric waterline of snowpack in the whole study area is δD=7. 86δ18O+11. 8（R2=0. 95）,which is close to the Lhasa winter meteoric waterline,and the slope and inter⁃ cept of the meteoric waterline in the southeast are slightly lower than those in the southwest. δD and δ18O fluctu⁃ ates from -178. 11% to -68. 07% and -23. 80% to -9. 61%,respectively,and the d-excess values fluctuate from 11. 03% to 23. 49%,showing low values of δD and δ18O in winter,and high d-excess values. The surface layer is relatively enriched in heavy isotopes,and the isotope values are higher than those of the lower snow sam⁃ ples,and the water vapor migration inside the snow makes the slope of the relationship between δD and δ18O dif⁃ ferent. The concentration sequence of the main soluble inorganic ions is Ca2+>SO42->Na+>NO3->Cl->K+>Mg2+> NH4+,of which Ca2+（42. 47%）,SO42-（23. 53%）accounted for the largest proportion of cation and anion,re⁃ spectively,and the average concentration of ions in the southeast was higher than that in the southwest. The re⁃ sults of principal component analysis show that terrigenous sources are the main source of ions in snow,and NH4+ and some NO3- are related to human activities. The backward air mass trajectory shows that the source of water vapor is related to the water vapor transport controlled by the upper-altitude westerly circulation,and most of the ions are terrestrial mineral dust carried by westerly winds in winter. © 2023 The Author(s). 相似文献
9.
Jiang TANG Yong LI Jiali LEI Shijie WANG Tangfu XIAO 《中国地球化学学报》2006,25(B08):122-123
This study focused on the geochemical distribution patterns and ecological effects of Cd and other heavy metals such as As, Hg, Cr, Cu, Ni, Pb, and Zn in rock, soil, water, sediment and crops in the area of the Three-Gorges Reservoir within Chongqing, and aimed at the protection of ecological environment and rational application of the local lands. This study found that the metals of Cd, Hg and Pb presented pollution in the surface environment along the Yangtze River, that is Cd〉Hg〉Pb （Cu）〉Zn〉As〉Ni〉Cr. The pollution of Cd in sediment was mainly attributable to the regional black shales, and partly to the urban sewage and garbage. The geochemical modes of metals in the sediment varied. Cr, Hg, Ni, and Pb mainly existed as residues, and Cd as carbonate. Cd exited as a high proportion in the modes of ion-exchange, carbonate, and iron-manganese oxidation, up to 63 percent. The contents of heavy metals in soiland sediment were correlated to the host clay minerals, such as illite, montmorillonite, kaolinite and chlorite. It is shown that Cd was transported with clay minerals in the Yangtze River over long distance and formed the regional anomaly. In the abnormal area of Jianping in Wushan County, higher Cd contents are reported in the local crops and local villagers＇ hairs than from the background areas. 相似文献
10.
Susanne M. Ullrich Huiwen HSIAO 《中国地球化学学报》2006,25(B08):238-239
The River Nura in central Kazakhstan has been heavily contaminated by mercury （Hg） from an acetaldehyde plant located in the industrial city of Temirtau. The plant released Hg-containing wastewater into the river from the 1950s until the mid 1990s and strongly contaminated the bed sediments up to 25 km downstream. In addition, a local power station released an estimated 6 million tonnes of fly-ash into the water which has adsorbed much of the Hg and has become mixed with the natural sediments. River water,fish and agricultural land in the floodplain are also contaminated by Hg. Humans are exposed to Hg primarily via the consumption of contaminated fish from the river. A survey was undertaken in June/July 2005 to investigate Hg concentrations in river water, drinking water, sediments and fish. To estimate the risk posed to the local population, approximately 300 hair samples were collected from people living in villages near the most contaminated section of the river, at a distance of between 5 and 30 km downstream of the acetaldehyde plant, and their dietary habits were recorded. Mercury concentrations in river water ranged from 2-3 ng/L upstream of the source of the pollution to 348 ng/L downstream of the factory outfall pipe. Some drinking water wells close to the river were contaminated, but deeper wells had Hg concentrations below the detection limit. 相似文献
11.
花岗质岩石中岩石包体研究的新进展 总被引：5，自引：1，他引：5
介绍了近年来国内外在花岗质岩石中的岩石包体研究的部分成果，重点论述了利用花岗质岩石中的岩石包体研究岩浆底侵作用、内生成矿作用、岩浆混合作用和区域变质作用等方面的主要进展。 相似文献
12.
蒙古国塔木察格盆地塔南凹陷铜钵庙组火山碎屑岩中片钠铝石胶结物的成因 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
塔木察格盆地塔南凹陷铜钵庙组火山碎屑岩中发育大量的片钠铝石自生矿物。通过偏光显微镜、扫描电镜及X射线衍射分析等,查明了火山碎屑岩中的胶结物与自生矿物类型和成岩共生序列。含片钠铝石火山碎屑岩的成岩共生序列为粘土包壳-方解石-一期微晶石英-一期高岭石-二期微晶石英、二期高岭石、片钠铝石-铁白云石;通过MAT253稳定同位素质谱仪确定了片钠铝石和铁白云石的稳定同位素组成为片钠铝石的δ13CPDB为-8.15‰~-2.81‰,与片钠铝石平衡的CO2的δ13CCO2为-12.91‰~-7.55‰,通过与海拉尔盆地及BGS盆地系碳氧同位素数据的类比,表明片钠铝石中的碳主要为幔源岩浆来源,形成片钠铝石的钠和铝主要来源于安山岩岩屑、长石晶屑碎屑、玻屑和火山灰等;铁白云石的δ13CPDB为-6.76‰~-2.65‰,与片钠铝石的碳氧同位素数据相似,结合相关地质实例及地球化学模拟实验,可以推断铁白云石中的碳也是幔源岩浆来源,铁白云石中的铁离子主要来源于安山岩岩屑、玻屑、火山灰和蒙脱石等矿物。 相似文献
13.
T. M. Hunse K. Md. Najeeb K. Rajarajan M. Muthukkannan 《Journal of the Geological Society of India》2010,75(5):704-708
Presence of high levels of Radon (222Rn) gas was reported from groundwater in Bangalore. To ascertain the ground reality and the nature of the hazards, if any,
a study was conducted by the Central Ground Water Board, Bangalore in and around Bangalore city. Groundwater samples from
borewells and a dug well were collected and analysed. Available data on Radon gas from both groundwater and surface water
sources were also compared. The presence of Radon gas and its concentration in groundwater were examined with respect to geology
and well depths. The results are discussed in the paper. 相似文献
14.
Association of hydrogeological factors in temporal variations of fluoride concentration in a crystalline aquifer in India 总被引：6，自引：0，他引：6
The major part of groundwater in India is found in granitic aquifers. Fluoride in groundwater from a crystalline aquifer in a semi-arid region of granitic rocks in India, known as Maheshwaram watershed, was analyzed for spatial and temporal variability during 1999–2002 to assess the effect of hydrogeological factors on fluoride concentration. Samples were collected from 32 representative wells in the area for the pre- and post-monsoon seasons and analyzed for F content. The CHESS computer program was used to calculate ionic activities of aqueous species and the mineral saturation index (SI) for calcite and fluorite. The GARDENIA computer program was used to calculate the recharge values in the study area. The influences of dissolution kinetics of fluoride minerals and recharge from rainfall on fluoride concentration were of interest and results clearly indicate that fluoride content in groundwater depends on the interaction period of groundwater with host rock. Results could also be utilized for designing remedial measures particularly with dilution method in an optimal way. 相似文献
15.
地球物质学是一门以复杂的地球系统为研究对象的新学科,而复杂性科学专门用来研究一些非线性复杂问题。目前复杂性科学已在不同的学科中得到广泛应用,同时也在地球物质学中得到应用,成为地球物质学中最基本和最重要的理论。 相似文献
16.
CSAMT 法在辽西康杖子区深部探矿中的应用 总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5
可控源音频大地电磁法(CSAMT)具有探测深度大、横向分辨率高、抗干扰能力强的特点,在深部找矿勘探中有着重要的指导意义。肖家营子铜钼矿床是辽西地区一个大型矽卡岩型金属矿床,大部分矿体是隐伏矿体,矿区外围的康杖子区与本区有相似的成矿地质环境,成矿地质条件优越.矿体与围岩电性差异明显,通过应用CSAMT,矿体具有低电阻特点,根据成果推断解释,对深部有利成矿部位进行了钻探验证,取得了理想的探矿效果,在矿区外围取得第二深度空间找矿重大突破。 相似文献
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18.
我国矿山环境地质问题类型划分研究 总被引：36，自引：5，他引：36
武强 《水文地质工程地质》2003,30(5):107-112
根据矿种类型、矿山开发阶段和矿山存在问题性质的不同,提出了我国矿山环境地质问题类型的3种划分方案。依据矿种所进行的矿山环境地质问题类型划分方案,虽然较为详细具体,但有些问题是相互重复的;依据矿山开发阶段所进行的划分方案,虽然刻画了矿山开发演变整个历史过程中所面临的不同问题,但较为宏观简单;依据矿山自身存在问题的性质的划分方案较为适用。文章最后系统分析了依据问题性质而划分的矿山环境地质问题各类型的特征。 相似文献
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海洋中磷酸盐的氧同位素组成不但记录现代海水磷循环的信息(磷酸盐的来源和生物地球化学作用),还记录古环境的信息。因此,利用氧同位素研究海洋磷酸盐正日益受到国内外研究人员的重视。本文综述了利用磷酸盐氧同位素研究方法及其在现代海洋环境与古海洋的应用进展,展示了中国海洋磷酸盐氧同位素研究现状,提出了今后的研究方向。 相似文献