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1.
陈洁  龚迎莉  陈露  向蜜  田世洪 《地球科学》2021,46(12):4366-4389
镁（Mg）同位素有3个,24Mg、25Mg和26Mg,其中24Mg和26Mg的相对质量差较大,高达8.33%,这种大的相对质量差使地壳活动或其他地质过程中Mg同位素因化学物理条件的变化而发生明显的同位素质量分馏.目前,自然界可观测到的δ26Mg变化范围为-5.60‰~0.92‰,约6.5‰.镁在低温地球化学过程中分馏显著,而在高温环境下分馏不明显,因而Mg同位素是地质过程的潜在地球化学指标和示踪剂,在低温风化作用、高温部分熔融与岩浆结晶分异、变质作用、板片俯冲及壳幔物质循环、热液蚀变和矿床成因等方面取得重要进展.为此,简要介绍了镁同位素分析方法,系统总结了Mg同位素在地球各储库中的组成与分布特征以及地质作用过程中的镁同位素分馏机理;其次重点介绍了镁同位素近年来在碳酸岩研究中的应用;最后对有关问题进行了探讨,包括幔源岩石低δ26Mg成因解释（与俯冲再循环的碳酸盐岩、洋壳物质有关或与矿物分离结晶有关）和Li-Mg-Ca同位素联合示踪岩浆碳酸岩岩石成因.并对碰撞反应池多接收器电感耦合等离子体质谱仪（Nu Sapphire MC-ICP-MS）分析优势和Li-Mg-Ca等金属同位素联合示踪在稀土元素富集机制的应用进行了展望.   相似文献   

2.
河北武安西石门铁矿床Fe同位素特征及其成矿指示意义   总被引：4，自引：4，他引：0  
发育于太行山造山带南段的西石门铁矿矿体和岩体、碳酸盐岩地层之间有非常明显的接触界线,且具有明显的侵入关系.矿石矿物主要以自形磁铁矿为主,矿石发育气孔构造,显示了充填-贯入的特征.全岩地球化学分析结果表明,闪长岩与钠长岩的FeO、MgO与TiO2呈明显的线性正相关,Na2O与SiO2呈微弱线性正相关,而Na2O与CaO呈线性负相关.闪长岩Fe同位素组成的变化范围为δ56Fe=-0.048‰~0.223‰,平均值为δ56Fe=0.070‰±0.197(2SD,n=6);钠长岩Fe同位素组成的变化范围为δ56Fe=0.033‰~0.101‰,平均值为δ56Fe=0.063‰±0.070(2SD,n=4);磁铁矿矿石Fe同位素组成的变化范围为δ56Fe=0.008‰~0.115‰,平均值为δ56Fe=0.065‰±0.089(2SD,n=12);两个矽卡岩Fe同位素分别为-0.085‰和0.025‰;大理岩样品的δ56Fe为-0.320‰.磁铁矿矿石Fe同位素组成和平均火成岩接近,且较为均一,铁的来源很可能来自于高温"矿浆".本文提出西石门铁矿床为岩浆通道-"矿浆"贯入式成矿.矿体下部相比上部更偏富集Fe的重同位素,判断"矿浆"运移方向是从下部往上部运移.  相似文献   

3.
镁同位素地球化学研究进展   总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3  
镁有3个稳定同位素:24Mg、25Mg和26Mg.已有数据表明,自然界Mg同位素组成的变化在陨石中较大.δ26Mg值在-0.71‰～11.92‰之间(相对于DSM3标准),而地球岩石中Mg同位素组成的变化较小,如地幔橄榄岩的δ26Mg变化范围为-3.01‰-1.03‰,沉积碳酸盐岩的δ26Mg变化范围为-4.84‰～-1.09‰,黄土的δ26Mg为-0.60‰.目前,大多数实验室均采用MC-ICP-MS方法来获得高精度的Mg同位素数据.原有Mg同位素国际标准SRM980由于具有不均一性应该废弃,应使用新的DSM3标准.Mg同位素地球化学的研究主要集中在太阳系星云形成过程、记录亏损地幔和地幔交代作用、揭示地质历史时期海水的Mg同位素组成演化、估算大陆风化通量等方面.我国开展的Mg同位素研究还非常少,且尚处于建立Mg同位素分析方法的研究阶段.随着技术的不断发展以及Mg同位素分馏机理的深入研究,Mg同位素的地质应用前景将日趋广泛.  相似文献   

4.
青海玉树地区东莫扎抓铅锌矿床位于青藏高原金沙江缝合带和班公湖-怒江缝合带夹持的羌塘地体东北缘,是"三江"北段铜铅锌多金属成矿带铅锌矿床的典型代表。在野外地质观察基础上,本文对矿石矿物和重晶石进行了S同位素组成分析,对矿石矿物、脉石矿物和区域地层进行了Pb同位素组成分析,对脉石矿物进行了Sr-Nd同位素组成分析。结果表明,硫化物δ34S值为-29‰~6‰,峰值为-8‰~-6‰,反映了总体富轻硫的特征,而重晶石δ34S值为18.3‰~+22.8‰,来自于第三纪陆相盆地。宽的δ34S变化可以解释为流体在盆地内活动期间与不同地层单元发生相互作用,从而继承了不同物质单元的S同位素特点,还原硫应主要来自于硫酸盐的细菌还原或者含硫有机质的热还原,反映硫来自沉积盆地。矿石矿物的206Pb/204Pb、207Pb/204Pb和208Pb/204Pb分别为18.387~18.703、15.391~15.768、38.372~38.809,而脉石矿物的206Pb/204Pb、207Pb/204Pb和208Pb/204Pb分别为18.423~18.612、15.491~15.701、38.497~38.612。矿石矿物和脉石矿物的Pb同位素组成介于区域上地壳Pb组成范围内,总体类似于MVT矿床,显示Pb等金属元素来源于上地壳岩石。脉石矿物的(87Sr/86Sr)ⅰ、εSr(t)、(143Nd/144Nd)ⅰ和εNd(t)分别为0.70855~0.70928、58.0~68.4、0.512273~0.512353、-6.2~-4.7。Sr-Nd同位素特征亦显示脉石矿物的物质来源于上地壳岩石。  相似文献   

5.
青海玉树地区莫海拉亨铅锌矿床和东莫扎抓铅锌矿床均位于青藏高原金沙江缝合带和班公湖-怒江缝合带夹持的羌塘地体东北缘,是"三江"北段铜铅锌多金属成矿带铅锌矿床的2个典型代表。笔者曾通过对东莫扎抓铅锌矿床的S-Pb-Sr-Nd同位素组成特征研究,认为其成矿物质来源于沉积地层。本文在野外地质观察基础上,亦对莫海拉亨铅锌矿床的矿石矿物和重晶石进行了S同位素组成分析,对矿石矿物、脉石矿物和区域地层进行了Pb同位素组成分析,对脉石矿物进行了Sr-Nd同位素组成分析。分析结果表明,硫化物δ34S值为-30.0‰~7.4‰,峰值为-18‰~-2‰,反映了总体富轻硫的特征,而重晶石δ34S值为20.2‰~+24.2‰,来自于第三纪陆相盆地。宽的δ34S变化可以解释为流体在盆地内活动期间与不同地层单元发生相互作用,从而继承了不同物质单元的S同位素特点,还原硫应主要来自于硫酸盐的细菌还原或者含硫有机质的热还原,反映硫来自沉积盆地。矿石矿物的206Pb/204Pb、207Pb/204Pb和208Pb/204Pb分别为18.298~18.694、15.298~15.721、38.169~38.894,而脉石矿物的206Pb/204Pb、207Pb/204Pb和208Pb/204Pb分别为18.418~18.672、15.418~15.719、38.403~38.845。矿石矿物和脉石矿物的Pb同位素组成介于区域上地壳Pb组成范围内,总体类似于MVT矿床,显示Pb等金属元素来源于上地壳岩石。脉石矿物的(87Sr/86Sr)i、εSr(t)、(143Nd/144Nd)i和εNd(t)分别为0.70851~0.70906、57.4~65.2、0.512265~0.512361、-6.5~-4.6。Sr-Nd同位素特征亦显示脉石矿物的物质来源于上地壳岩石。总体来说,莫海拉亨铅锌矿床的S-Pb-Sr-Nd同位素特征均与东莫扎抓铅锌矿床的一样,显示均来自沉积地层。并结合矿床地质特征和地球化学特征,讨论了莫海拉亨铅锌矿床和东莫扎抓铅锌矿床形成的动力学背景。  相似文献   

6.
碳酸盐矿物铁同位素测试的选择性溶解方法包括稀盐酸溶解法和稀醋酸溶解法,已应用于一般地质样品。但是对于白云鄂博矿床这类矿物组成复杂的特殊样品。本文在常温下对白云石、磁铁矿、赤铁矿、黄铁矿、钠闪石和黑云母等白云鄂博矿床中常见的含铁矿物进行稀盐酸(0.5~1 mol/L 盐酸)溶解条件实验。结果显示,稀盐酸在短时间内(约3 h)能够有效地溶解碳酸盐矿物中的铁,而铁氧化物、硫化物、硅酸盐矿物的铁溶解率基本都<1%。实验选取典型的白云鄂博矿床赋矿白云岩,对比了稀盐酸溶解法、稀醋酸溶解法与分离白云石单矿物进行全部溶解所获得的铁同位素组成:赋矿白云岩E-16的δ56Fe值分别为-0.69‰、-0.62‰、-0.69‰;赋矿白云岩E-26的δ56Fe值分别为-0.19‰、-0.18‰、-0.12‰,三种方法在误差(不确定度)范围内结果一致。此外,稀醋酸对碳酸盐的部分溶解过程中没有观察到明显的铁同位素分馏现象,表明稀盐酸溶解法和稀醋酸溶解法都能用于提取白云鄂博矿床样品碳酸盐矿物的铁同位素信息。本研究对于碳酸盐矿物的选择性提取技术在地质上的应用具有借鉴和指导意义。  相似文献   

7.
湖南黄沙坪W-Mo-Bi-Pb-Zn多金属矿床硫铅同位素地球化学研究   总被引：10，自引：4，他引：6  
湖南黄沙坪W-Mo-Bi-Pb-Zn多金属矿床规模大、矿种多、范围小、分带明显,是南岭有色金属成矿带的代表性矿床之一。成矿地质体为碱长花岗斑岩,与下石炭统灰岩接触带发生大规模矽卡岩化,形成大型钨、钼、铋、萤石以及铁的共生矿床。围绕矽卡岩向外,分布铜锌、铅锌、铅锌银的分带,对应的矿化组合分别为粗粒磁黄铁矿-闪锌矿-黄铜矿、中粗粒磁黄铁矿-闪锌矿-方铅矿、胶状黄铁矿-闪锌矿-方铅矿。围绕花岗斑岩,硫化物矿物的δ34S值呈带状分布,其δ34S总体变化为2.3‰~17.5‰,花岗斑岩中浸染状辉钼矿δ34S为17.1‰,矽卡岩中硫化物δ34S>15‰,矽卡岩附近及外侧的铅锌矿体10‰<δ34S<15‰,外围的铅锌银矿体δ34S<10‰。下石炭统中代表沉积特点的细粒浸染状黄铁矿δ34S为-3.1‰~-22.6‰。铅同位素206Pb/204Pb为18.525~18.603,207Pb/204Pb为15.706~15.792,208Pb/204Pb为38.889~39.178。综合研究表明,黄沙坪矿床成矿物质硫和铅主要来自花岗斑岩。经硫同位素热力学平衡计算,引起δ34S值围绕花岗斑岩体分带的主要原因是随温度下降以及物理化学条件变化导致的热力学分馏作用,其次是沉积岩围岩中低δ34S值硫的加入。对南岭地区花岗岩、古生代地层等的δ34S值对比研究发现,引起花岗斑岩岩浆高δ34S值的主要原因是深部富含硫化物(δ34S值高)地层对富含挥发份(Li-F)的碱长花岗岩岩浆的混染作用,其次是成矿作用过程中地层与岩浆的相互作用(包括同化混染)。围绕黄沙坪矿床,湘南地区矽卡岩型钨多金属矿存在一个较高的δ34S值分布区。宝山矽卡岩型Cu-Mo-Pb-Zn矿床矿石硫化物δ34S为-1‰~3.6‰,206Pb/204Pb为18.602~18.672,207Pb/204Pb为15.693~15.780,208Pb/204Pb为38.901~39.186。因此,宝山矿床与黄沙坪矿床的物质来源和成矿机制不同,宝山矿床硫、铅同位素组成集中,分布范围不同于黄沙坪,成矿物质来自岩浆岩。黄沙坪、宝山矿床代表了南岭地区燕山早期存在两类不同性质的岩浆活动与成矿组合。  相似文献   

8.
氧同位素在岩石成因研究的新进展   总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0  
李铁军 《岩矿测试》2013,32(6):841-849
通过氧同位素分析可以对岩石的成因进行认识,使之成为岩石学研究的一个强有力工具。根据花岗岩的氧同位素高低可以判断其来源于变沉积岩还是变火成岩;对于一个复式岩体,如果不同期次岩石的氧同位素组成存在明显变化,可以有效地判断该岩浆在演化过程中存在不同来源物质的混染,因为岩浆从镁铁质成分向长英质成分的化学分异过程,不会引起明显的氧同位素分馏,分馏值一般不超过0.3‰。氧同位素分析手段从常规BrF5法,到激光探针BrF5法,再到离子探针分析法,对岩石矿物样品从全熔分析到微区分析的发展,显示了它们的发展历程和各自的优势及应用范围。本文介绍了氧同位素的不同分析方法,以花岗岩(流纹岩)和变质岩的研究为例阐述了氧同位素分析技术的发展。苏州花岗岩利用全岩和造岩矿物常规氧同位素分析方法得出其为低δ18O和正常δ18O岩浆成因的不同认识,近年通过锆石激光氧同位素分析技术,获得岩浆锆石的δ18O平均为4.92‰,证实其来源于壳源的低δ18O岩浆。类似地,利用全岩和造岩矿物常规氧同位素分析方法得出的观点难以解释美国黄石高原低δ18O流纹岩中矿物颗粒间和颗粒内部的氧同位素变化,该氧同位素变化只能通过离子探针矿物微区原位分析得出。在变质岩研究方面,通过激光探针氧同位素分析,人们普遍认为苏鲁造山带变质岩极负的δ18O值是在新元古代原岩形成时获得的,但是最新的离子探针锆石原位氧同位素分析表明苏鲁造山带变质岩极负的δ18O主要是在三叠纪超高压变质作用过程中获得的。今后单颗粒矿物尺度上的氧同位素组成分布规律将是氧同位素研究的发展方向。  相似文献   

9.
杨利亚  杨立强  袁万明  张闯  赵凯  于海军 《岩石学报》2013,29(11):4025-4035
在详细的矿床地质研究和成矿阶段划分基础上,系统采集了距夹皮沟断裂带100~3622m的6个金矿床不同成矿阶段的20件矿石样品,进行了氢、氧同位素测试。距夹皮沟断裂带由近及远,各金矿床的氢、氧同位素组成分别为:北沟(100~172m,δD=-97‰~-90‰,δ18Ow=-3.26‰~5.49‰)、二道沟(820~830m,δD=-95‰~-94‰,δ18Ow=-4.58‰~-0.50‰)、三道岔(1385~1412m,δD=-97‰~-91‰,δ18Ow=-3.58‰~-1.39‰)、四道岔(2776~2802m,δD=-99‰~-80‰,δ18Ow=0.75‰~4.69‰)、八家子(3400m,δD=-102‰,δ18Ow=0.22‰)、夹皮沟本区(3595~3622m,δD=-108‰~-92‰,δ18Ow=2.91‰~5.39‰)。成矿早、主、晚阶段δD、δ18Ow和W/R值分别为-97‰~-80‰、3.99‰~5.49‰和约0.1;-108‰~-90‰、-3.26‰~4.71‰和0.1~0.5;-97‰~-91‰、-4.58‰~-2.68‰和0.01~0.1。反映金矿早阶段成矿流体以变质水为主体,混入有少量岩浆水,W/R值较小;主阶段成矿流体为变质水和大气降水的混合,W/R值显著增大,氢、氧同位素和W/R值具有明显的空间不均一特征(成矿流体隧道式流动):前者与距夹皮沟断裂带的距离正相关、后两者负相关,而它们与各金矿床已探明资源量的相关性相反,可能表征了成矿系统有效流体压力对W/R值和金沉淀成矿的控制作用;晚阶段大气降水大量加入,成矿流体弥散式的流动机制引起大面积同位素均一化,W/R值最小。据此推断,氧同位素低值区与氢同位素和W/R高值区(尤其是它们的显著变化区)的套合部位是金大规模沉淀聚集的最有利地段暨找矿勘查的重要选区。  相似文献   

10.
侯可军  李延河  万德芳 《矿床地质》2006,25(Z2):167-170
文章分析了辽宁太古代红透山铜矿中硫化物的多硫同位素组成和石英的硅氧同位素组成。δ34S在-0.7‰~+3.1‰，极差为3.8‰，平均值为0.21‰，与深部幔源硫相似。δ33S≈0.52δ34S，即δ33S=0(δ33S =δ33S-1000[(1+ δ34S/1000)0.515-1]，不具有硫同位素非质量分馏效应，表明该矿床中的硫没有经历大气循环过程。矿石中石英的δ30Si分布在-0.8‰~+0.4‰之间，δ18O分布在+8.5‰~+9.5‰之间，与海底黑烟囱及热水喷气成因硅质岩的硅氧同位素组成相似。提出红透山铜矿为海底热液喷气沉积变质成因。  相似文献   

11.
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12.
Radiogenic isotopes in fluid inclusions   总被引：7，自引：0，他引：7  
Igor M. Villa   《Lithos》2001,55(1-4):115-124
Radiogenic isotopes studied in fluid inclusions are still a limited field, with great potential for expansion as analytical techniques improve. The main limitation for Sr, Ar and He isotope work is the very small number of radiogenic atoms produced in a typical fluid inclusion. The requirements to analysts are correspondingly high. Examples show that isotopic tracing on fluid inclusion fluids can be a decisive tool in solving geological problems.  相似文献   

13.
Neoproterozoic chemostratigraphy   总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3  
Chemostratigraphy has diverse applications to investigating the rock record, such as reconstructing paleoenvironments, determining the tectonic setting of sedimentary basins, indirect dating, and establishing regional or global correlations. Chemostratigraphy is thus an integral component of many investigations of the ancient sedimentary record. In this contribution, we review the principle inorganic geochemical methods that have been applied to the Neoproterozoic sedimentary record. Analysis of the traditional stable and radiogenic isotope systems, such as δ13C, δ18O, δ34S, and 87Sr/86Sr, is routine, particularly in successions rich in carbonate. These mainstay applications have yielded invaluable data and information bearing on the chronology and evolution of this eventful era in Earth history. Alongside the growing database of traditional data, a series of novel geochemical techniques have given rise to important new models and constraints on Neoproterozoic biogeochemical change. In particular, a range of proxies for water column redox, mainly obtained from black shales, have shed light on the pace and tempo of Neoproterozoic oxygenation and its link to the appearance of early animal evolution. Increased integration of diverse geochemical, sedimentological, and paleontological datasets, and the gradual radiometric calibration of the stratigraphic record promise to bring the details of the evolution of the Neoproterozoic Earth system into ever greater focus.  相似文献   

14.
硫、氧同位素和放射性同位素比值在示踪岩浆与围岩的反应及在岩浆镍-铜-铂族元素矿床成因中同化过程的重要性方面有很大作用。如1.1Ga的Duluth杂岩、Norilsk地区二叠-三叠纪侵入岩和1.4Ga的Kabanga侵入岩体中矿床的硫同位素测定结果证明硫来自含硫化物和硫酸盐的围岩。1.3Ga的VoisbeysBay矿床矿石的硫同位素δ34S值通常落入公认的地幔硫同位素组成范围(0±2‰)内,而对其元古宙变质沉积围岩进行的详细研究结果显示δ34S的平均值也在此范围。全面了解同位素组成的潜在混染对合理评价提供硫来源的围岩在矿石形成中的作用是非常必要的。用氧同位素和放射性同位素示踪岩浆和围岩相互作用时,必须在开放体系没有扰动同位素系统情况下进行。在氧同位素体系和放射性同位素体系(如Re/Os、Pb同位素体系)中,元素在热液条件下活动性强或主相没有发生同位素交换与吸收,都会导致低温热液过程掩盖高温过程。只有在进行详细的岩相观察和单矿物分析之后,再应用围岩混染同位素模式才是有意义的。  相似文献   

15.
In an effort to constrain the mechanism of dolomitization in Neogene dolomites in the Bahamas and improve understanding of the use of chemostratigraphic tracers in shallow‐water carbonate sediments the δ34S, Δ47, δ13C, δ18O, δ44/40Ca and δ26Mg values and Sr concentrations have been measured in dolomitized intervals from the Clino core, drilled on the margin of Great Bahama Bank and two other cores (Unda and San Salvador) in the Bahamas. The Unda and San Salvador cores have massively dolomitized intervals that have carbonate associated sulphate δ34S values similar to those found in contemporaneous seawater and δ44/40Ca, δ26Mg values, Sr contents and Δ47 temperatures (25 to 30°C) indicating relatively shallow dolomitization in a fluid‐buffered system. In contrast, dolomitized intervals in the Clino core have elevated values of carbonate associated sulphate δ34S values indicating dolomitization in a more sediment‐buffered diagenetic system where bacterial sulphate reduction enriches the residual in 34S, consistent with high sediment Sr concentrations and low δ44/40Ca and high δ26Mg values. Only dolomites associated with hardgrounds in the Clino core have carbonate associated δ34S values similar to seawater, indicating continuous flushing of the upper layers of the sediment by seawater during sedimentary hiatuses. This interpretation is supported by changes to more positive δ44/40Ca values at hardground surfaces. All dolomites, whether they formed in an open fluid‐buffered or closed sediment‐buffered diagenetic system have similar δ26Mg values suggesting that the HMC transformed to dolomite. The clumped isotope derived temperatures in the dolomitized intervals in Clino yield temperatures that are higher than normal, possibly indicating a kinetic isotope effect on dolomite Δ47 values associated with carbonate formation through bacterial sulphate reduction. The findings of this study highlight the utility of applying multiple geochemical proxies to disentangle the diagenetic history of shallow‐water carbonate sediments and caution against simple interpretations of stratigraphic variability in these geochemical proxies as indicating changes in the global geochemical cycling of these elements in seawater.  相似文献   

16.
Pelagic deposits at Abadeh represent a complete biostratigraphic record across the Permian/Triassic boundary (PTB). The presumed water depth during deposition of these sediments was between 60 and 90 m. Similar to other Permian/Triassic boundary sections, the succession at Abadeh is characterised by a negative carbon isotope shift of approximately 4. The values start to decrease in the lower C. changxingensis - C. deflecta s.l. Zone, reach –0.12 (V-PDB) in the uppermost Permian just below the PTB, remain low to the early I. isarcica Zone (–0.32) and increase subsequently in the upper I. isarcica Zone. For the time interval of the PTB negative carbon isotope excursion, between the C. iranica and the I. isarcica Zones, no correlation exists between the 13Ccarb and the 18Ocarb. The above observations argue against the conclusion of Heydari et al. (2001) that the carbon isotope event at the P/T transition is an alteration artefact and not a global signal. The decrease in 13Ccarb is accompanied by a ~5 (and potentially up to 10) increase in 34SSSS. Together, these features are thought to reflect a complex global event, notably the development of widespread anoxic oceans with anoxic bottom layers rising onto the shelves. For the carbon isotope drop, other factors, such as the collapse of ocean primary productivity may also have played a role. The 87Sr/86Sr ratios of Dzhulfian seawater show only a minor increase from 0.70705 to 0.70710, reaching 0.70720 in the Dorashamian. The increase becomes steeper in the Early Triassic reaching 0.70754 in the N. dieneri Zone. The rise of the strontium isotope values is thought to be related to enhanced continental weathering under humid climatic conditions in the uppermost Permian (C. meishanensis - H. praeparvus Zone) and the lack of a dense land vegetation in the Early Triassic, prior to the Spathian (Upper Olenekian).  相似文献   

17.
Mineralogical, textural and geochemical investigations were made to determine the post-depositional evolution of Devonian and Early Carboniferous carbonates from Valle de Tena. The carbonate association is made up of low-Mg calcite, which occurs as micrite, spar cements, neomorphic patches and spar filling veinlets. Non-stoichiometric dolomite and ankerite occur as cements (dolomite also as replacements) in the Middle Devonian, post-dating calcite types. All these phases pre-date tectonic stylolites, indicating compaction after stabilization of the carbonate minerals. Strontium concentrations indicate that Early Devonian and Early Carboniferous micrites initially precipitated as aragonite; Middle and Late Devonian micrites precipitated as high-Mg calcites. Both precursors were diagenetically stabilized to low-Mg calcites through interaction with meteoric waters in phreatic environments. Trace elements in dolomite and ankerite indicate precipitation from Sr-enriched meteoric water. All studied carbonates, except Middle Devonian limestones, precipitated in reducing environments, which favoured incorporation of Fe and Mn. Late calcite generations precipitated from more saline waters than micrites. Light 18O values in micrites suggest alteration mainly in meteoric-phreatic environments. The dolomites and ankerites precipitated from more 18O-depleted fluids than the calcites, suggesting a greater contribution from meteoric waters. Variations in 13C of micrites represent primary secular trends, according to published 13C variations. The 13C oscillations within each succession probably relate to sea-level oscillations. Strontium isotopes also point to a meteoric origin of diagenetic fluids. Model calculations suggest that O and Sr isotopes equilibrated between calcites and fluid at relatively low water/rock ratios, whereas C isotopic signatures are inherited from limestones.  相似文献   

18.
Lithological, chemical, and stable isotope data are used to characterize lacustrine tufas dating back to pre-late Miocene and later unknown times, capping different surfaces of a Tertiary carbonate (Sinn el-Kedab) plateau in Dungul region in the currently hyperarid south-western Egypt. These deposits are composed mostly of calcium carbonate, some magnesium carbonate and clastic particles plus minor amounts of organic matter. They have a wide range of (Mg/Ca)molar ratios, from 0.03 to 0.3. The bulk-tufa carbonate has characteristic isotope compositions: (δ13Cmean = −2.49 ± 0.99‰; δ18Omean = −9.43 ± 1.40‰). The δ13C values are consistent with a small input from C4 vegetation or thinner soils in the recharge area of the tufa-depositing systems. The δ18O values are typical of fresh water carbonates. Covariation between δ13C and δ18O values probably is a reflection of climatic conditions such as aridity. The tufas studied are isotopically similar to the underlying diagenetic marine chalks, marls and limestones (δ13Cmean = −2.06 ± 0.84‰; δ18Omean = −10.06 ± 1.39‰). The similarity has been attributed to common meteoric water signatures. This raises large uncertainties in using tufas (Mg/Ca)molar, δ13C and δ18O records as proxies of paleoclimatic change and suggests that intrinsic compositional differences in material sources within the plateau may mask climatic changes in the records.  相似文献   

19.
Iron is one of the most abundant transition metal in higher plants and variations in its isotopic compositions can be used to trace its utilization. In order to better understand the effect of plant-induced isotopic fractionation on the global Fe cycling, we have estimated by quantum chemical calculations the magnitude of the isotopic fractionation between different Fe species relevant to the transport and storage of Fe in higher plants: Fe(II)-citrate, Fe(III)-citrate, Fe(II)-nicotianamine, and Fe(III)-phytosiderophore. The ab initio calculations show firstly, that Fe(II)-nicotianamine is ～3‰ (56Fe/54Fe) isotopically lighter than Fe(III)-phytosiderophore; secondly, even in the absence of redox changes of Fe, change in the speciation alone can create up to ～1.5‰ isotopic fractionation. For example, Fe(III)-phytosiderophore is up to 1.5‰ heavier than Fe(III)-citrate2 and Fe(II)-nicotianamine is up to 1‰ heavier than Fe(II)-citrate. In addition, in order to better understand the Fe isotopic fractionation between different plant components, we have analyzed the iron isotopic composition of different organs (roots, seeds, germinated seeds, leaves and stems) from six species of higher plants: the dicot lentil (Lens culinaris), and the graminaceous monocots Virginia wild rye (Elymus virginicus), Johnsongrass (Sorghum halepense), Kentucky bluegrass (Poa pratensis), river oat (Uniola latifolia), and Indian goosegrass (Eleusine indica). The calculations may explain that the roots of strategy-II plants (Fe(III)-phytosiderophore) are isotopically heavier (by about 1‰ for the δ56Fe) than the upper parts of the plants (Fe transported as Fe(III)-citrate in the xylem or Fe(II)-nicotianamine in the phloem). In addition, we suggest that the isotopic variations observed between younger and older leaves could be explained by mixing of Fe received from the xylem and the phloem.  相似文献   

20.
Isotope data and trace elements concentrations are presented for volcanic and plutonic rocks from the Livingston, Greenwich, Robert, King George and Ardley islands (South Shetland arc, Antarctica). These islands were formed during subduction of the Phoenix Plate under the Antarctica Plate from Cretaceous to Tertiary. Isotopically (87Sr/86Sr)o ratios vary from 0.7033 to 0.7046 and (143Nd/144Nd)o ratios from 0.5127 to 0.5129. εNd values vary from +2.71 to +7.30 that indicate asthenospheric mantle source for the analysed samples. 208Pb/204Pb ratios vary from 38.12 to 38.70, 207Pb/204Pb ratios are between 15.49 and 15.68, and 206Pb/204Pb from 18.28 to 18.81. The South Shetland rocks are thought to be derived from a depleted MORB mantle source (DMM) modified by mixtures of two enriched mantle components such as slab-derived melts and/or fluids and small fractions of oceanic sediment (EM I and EM II). The isotopic compositions of the subduction component can be explained by mixing between at least 4 wt.% of sediment and 96 wt.% of melts and/or fluids derived from altered MORB.  相似文献   

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