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1.
Seepage phenomena through the karstic limestone foundation of Kalecik Dam are investigated. The dam, designed as a rock-fill dam with a height of 77 m, is already used for irrigation. The foundation consists of Mesozoic ophiolite, Paleocene allochthonous units composed of different lithologies, and Miocene conglomerate. The conglomerate lies unconformably on the other units. Quaternary basaltic lava patchily covers the others. Seepage from upstream to downstream occurs through the allochthonous karstic limestone. This limestone, which is overlain by conglomerates, has a thickness increasing towards the right abutment. To prevent seepage at the right abutment, a 200-m long and 60-m deep grout curtain along the dam axis was constructed. After the impoundment, some springs occurred downstream, and for this reason, extra grouting was performed. However, the seepage problem could not be solved. In order to determine the seepage direction and karstification pattern, hydrological studies have been done. Additional investigation boreholes have been drilled to observe fluctuations of the groundwater level and to analyze hydrochemistry. Also, dye tracer tests have been carried out. As a result of these hydrogeological studies, seepage paths were observed in the karstic limestone located between the dam and the spillway. As those carbonate rocks continue beneath the spillway, the seepage problems are enjected to continue. 相似文献
2.
This paper describes the seepage prevention measures at Kalecik Dam. Water leaked from the foundation of the dam after the impoundment. The dam, 77 m in height, was constructed for irrigation purposes. The foundation consists of Mesozoic ophiolite, Paleocene allochthonous units composed of different lithologies and Miocene conglomerate. Karstified and fractured Paleocene limestone outcrops on the right bank of the dam foundation. This unit extends into, and its thickness increases within, the right abutment. The leakage occurs towards the downstream springs through the right bank limestone. The main grout curtain is 200 m long and 60 m deep and was constructed on the right bank. After reservoir impounding, new springs were observed in the downstream area. Therefore, after the construction of the dam, remedial curtain grouting was required and carried out in three stages. Firstly, the main grout curtain was supplemented by additional grouting to seal the fractures and infill karstic cavities. The diversion tunnel was also repaired. The curtain depth was the same as the depth of the previous curtain. The second stage of additional treatment consisted of new deep grouting. Some investigation holes were also drilled along the same alignment as the main curtain to locate the seepage in the region. These holes were extended to an elevation of 442 m. The final stage of grouting measures was between the spillway and the dam body and underneath the spillway. As a result of the additional grouting measures, the spring discharges observed downstream of the dam embankment decreased. However, the seepage paths were extended and were moved with time so that the seepage problems are still continuing. 相似文献
3.
The Doosti Dam was built across the Harirood River on the border between Turkmenistan and Iran. During the reservoir impounding, leakage occurred as new springs through the sandstone layers of the Pesteleigh Aquifer and limy sandstone and limestone layers of the Neyzar–Kalat Aquifer, at the right abutment of the dam. To evaluate the grout curtain operation, a tracer test was carried out by injection of Uranine in a borehole located at the upstream of grout curtain in the Pesteleigh Aquifer. Tracer test results demonstrated a diffuse flow component through the grout curtain in the Pesteleigh Aquifer, but no tracer was detected at the main leakage point, SP1 Spring, emerged downstream of grout curtain from the Neyzar–Kalat Aquifer. Using the spectral coherency function, the lag time between changes in the water level of the injection borehole and water level in the tracer detected boreholes or discharge of the tracer detected springs was determined. Linear regression analyses indicated that the estimated lag time by the time series analysis was close to the first arrival time of the tracer. Therefore, the estimated velocities based on the lag time of time series could be considered close to the calculated velocities based on the first arrival time of the tracer. The estimated groundwater velocities based on the time series analysis ranged from 3.91 to 20.31 m h ?1, showed that diffuse flow dominated pathways from the reservoir toward the downstream boreholes in the Neyzar–Kalat Aquifer, while conduit flow was present within the pathways toward the SP1 Spring. Regarding the reservoir volume, the negligible amount of leakage at the maximum water level of the reservoir confirmed well overall operation of the grout curtain at the dam site. 相似文献
4.
Seepage through foundation and abutments of a dam can potentially result in a waste of the water stored in dam reservoir, erosion of foundation materials, and development of uplift pressure in dam foundation which, consequently, threatens the long-term stability of the dam. In this study, the grout volume is estimated based on parameters such as joint aperture, the maximum penetration length of the grout, and calculated grout take in Bazoft dam site. Bazoft Dam is a hydroelectric supply and double-curvature arch dam with a height of 211 m located in Chaharmahal and Bakhtiari Province of Iran. The bedrock of Bazoft dam site consists of Asemari Formation (limy marl and marly lime), in the middle and upper parts of left abutment, and Jahrom Formation (limestone and dolomite) in the right abutment, river bed, and lower part of left abutment. The joint apertures were calculated based on the permeability and the joint spacing. Next, the maximum penetration length of the grout and grout volume were calculated. Using a statistical analysis, the relationship of the joint aperture, maximum penetration length, and the calculated grout volume with real grout take was also investigated. The results show that the grout take can be predicted with appropriate accuracy based on the calculated grout volume. 相似文献
5.
Summary This paper presents an elasto-viscoplastic block element method and its application to the deformation and stability study
of arch dam abutment slopes. The paper is composed of two parts. The first part concerns the numerical methods used in the
analysis, which includes the identification of the rock blocky system, the algorithm of unconfined seepage flow in discontinuity
network taking the grout curtain and drainage curtain into account, and the elasto-viscoplastic block element method as well.
In the second part a complicated arch dam abutment slope is studied, from which the seepage flow, the deformation, and the
safety factor of the abutment slope are obtained. Based on the analysis suggestions about the seepage control and stabilization
measures are made.
Received October 15, 2000; accepted October 16, 2001 Published online August 2, 2002 相似文献
6.
许多大坝的失事是由于高地下水位引起坝肩失稳所致。绕坝渗流是影响坝肩高地下水位的主要因素。为此通常将大坝基础防渗帷幕延伸到坝肩岸坡内一定距离,以减小绕坝渗流影响。而防渗帷幕运行性态随时间变化,为了评价坝肩防渗帷幕和地下水位的运行性态,首先分析了地下水位观测资料和水位、降水、温度、时效等时空影响因素及其表达式,随后基于岸坡地下水位观测资料,利用最小二乘法建立了大坝岸坡地下水位的时空分布模型。通过比较模型剩余标准差和测点的剩余标准差,可以确定坝肩地下水位的异常测点,分析岸坡防渗薄弱部位,掌握坝肩岸坡渗流场时空分布规律,监控绕坝渗流的性态。 相似文献
7.
某坝基为砂卵石基础,其下为强风化基岩,坝基渗漏和左右岸绕坝渗漏是该水库坝基存在的主要地质问题。为此,采取了塑性混凝土防渗墙与双排帷幕灌浆相结合的综合防渗措施。为了检测水库坝基及塑性混凝土防渗墙施工质量,防止水库正常蓄水后发生渗漏,选用了高密度电法进行无损检测。工程采用温纳施伦贝尔法观测,分别采用5m和10m电极间距,电极数60个,剖面数16。依据5m和10m道距实测视电阻率剖面与反演结果的解释,对水库坝基和防渗墙的工程质量进行了评价,认为-25m桩号塑性混凝土防渗墙可能存在渗漏问题,-80m桩号对应一低阻异常,坝体可能存在渗漏通道;其余部位未发现明显异常。 相似文献
8.
采用综合物探等方法对南京赭山头水库长期存在的渗漏问题进行探测,在物探探测渗漏区结合地质钻探确定大坝的渗漏通道,对存在渗漏通道的左右坝肩部位,采用薄壁混凝土防渗墙和帷幕灌浆的方法进行防渗处理,经过汛期高水位的检验,水库多年存在的渗漏险情得到了根本解决。 相似文献
9.
The main objective of this paper is to estimate the water seepage from Lar dam reservoir based on a combination of the geological structure study results and identification of the flow conduits in the right bank of the reservoir. From the beginning of impounding the dam in 1980, heavy seepage was observed at two karstic springs, Haraz and Galugah, located about 9 km downstream of the dam. During the first impounding, the discharge of the Haraz spring abruptly increased from 0.5 m 3/s to around 5 m 3/s. The results of piezometers and dye tests indicate that seepage occurs mainly through the right abutment of the dam where there is a structural wedge between the north dipping North Tiz Kuh and the south dipping Lar Valley faults. F1, F2, and F3 faults are the most important faults in vicinity of the structural wedge. Based on the dye test results, the North Tiz Kuh and F3 faults along which caves No. 1 and 2 are formed are regarded as two isolated conduits for seepage and conveyance into Lar Valley Fault at downstream of Lar dam. After identifying the conduits, water seepage from the Lar dam reservoir has been calculated using finite element method. According to the results of numerical method, when the reservoir water level is at 2485 m a.s.l, the average of water seepage is around 8.51 m 3/s (this amount of water is related to the seepage along the Lar Valley Fault). The average discharge of springs downstream of the dam has been used to verify the numerical method. The results show a very close relation between estimated and observed discharge. 相似文献
10.
Akköprü Dam, which is under construction, is located at Dalaman Basin in the southwest of Turkey. The base rock at the Akköprü dam site and reservoir area is autochthon Akta? limestone and Gökseki flysch formation. Allochthon Cehennem Deresi limestone, a complex series of ferro- (melange) and peridotite–serpentine units, overlay this unit with tectonic contact. These units are covered by young sedimentary series. The outcrops of karstified Akta? limestone are observed at 2 km upstream of the dam site, at the right reservoir abutment. This unit is very permeable and the groundwater level is very deep, 100–116 m below the Dalaman riverbed. After impoundment, 250,000 m 2 of this unit will be submerged. Groundwater which percolates in this unit discharges at the coastal springs. This study analyzed the watertightness of Akköprü reservoir related to the karstified limestone in the left reservoir bank and discussed possible options of remedial works to reduce seepage. 相似文献
11.
坝址环境水质及其时空变化隐含了丰富的信息,可以揭示水、岩、帷幕间的相互作用情况以及渗流条件的改变。以李家峡水电站为例,对坝址不同部位渗流水进行采样检测的基础上,综合运用水化学图示、统计分析等方法,研究了坝址环境水质空间分布特征,并与之前的检测结果对比分析水质变化趋势。研究显示,廊道内渗水总体上呈现出“高矿化”的特征,且坝基部位较两岸坝肩尤甚,表明两岸部位帷幕前后水力联系相对活跃;从时间演变看,左岸及坝基廊道部位的水质与此前检测分布较为一致,表明对应部位防渗性能变化稳定;右岸水样两次检测情况变化较大,表明右岸廊道部分部位渗流条件变化较大。 相似文献
12.
卡拉水电站坝址区河谷狭窄,岸坡陡峻,地质条件复杂,渗漏问题突出。为减小卡拉坝区渗漏并改善大坝的渗透稳定性,工程设计采取防渗帷幕、排水孔幕和排水洞等防渗排水措施。采用子结构、变分不等式和自适应罚函数相结合的方法（简称SVA方法）,结合典型溢流坝段与坝区整体渗流场分析成果,评价卡拉大坝及坝基渗流控制方案的合理性,并论证其优化的可能性。研究表明：①防渗帷幕有效雍高了帷幕上游侧岩体内的地下水位、增加了绕坝渗流的渗径长度并降低了坝基的扬压力,排水系统则显著降低了坝体内的孔隙水压力以及坝基扬压力;②排水孔幕间距对坝体内的自由面分布有着显著影响,排水孔幕间距取3.0～4.5 m是合适的。 相似文献
13.
经过对 30余年水位观测资料的整理和分析 ,在厘定水文地质模型的基础上 ,运用数理统计原理 ,获得了坝基地下水渗流特征及其变化趋势的基本认识 ,这包括库、管水位关系 ,代表断面测压管平均位势过程线 ,特定库水位时测压管管水位过程线 ,坝基渗流量变化。研究表明 ,上游铺盖与截水槽结合下游排水的防渗体系有效地控制了坝基水位 ,这为水库投入正常高水位(319.5 ,32 7.5 ,331.8m)的运行提供了详实的理论依据。 相似文献
14.
新疆下坂地水利枢纽工程的坝基为深厚覆盖层,厚度达147.95m,其结构较为复杂,主要由冰碛层、冲洪积砾石层和砂土层透镜体组成,坝基防渗处理难度很大。为此,针对下坂地深厚覆盖层进行了专门的帷幕灌浆现场试验工艺研究,通过对浆液材料、配比、工艺措施和参数经过深入的分析,找出了一套适合于下坂地复杂地层的灌浆施工工艺,为初步设计提供了可靠依据。 相似文献
15.
Salman Farsi is an arch-gravity dam. It is 125 m high and located on the Ghareh-Agaj River in Fars province, south of Iran.
From the geological and hydrogeological point of view, this dam is one of the most complicated sites in Iran. Existence of
40 springs at the river level (including hot springs), and many faults and crushed zones are part of these complications.
The dam site is famous for its numerous big caverns. Main characteristics of the rock mass are: (1) low permeable limestone
of moderate to high strength, (2) high karstification generally localized around intersection of faults or discontinuities.
The main purpose of grout curtains is to change the hydrogeological characteristics (reducing the permeability) of the rock
mass. Constructing a grout curtain in a karstic environment with a high random distribution of karst features contains some
uncertainties and surprises cannot be excluded.
During the excavation of grouting galleries, some big caverns at both abutments were discovered. The volume of the biggest
one (Golshan’s Cave) exceeds 150,000 m 3. A large-scale underground geotechnical treatment is needed to improve the water tightness of the dam site. 相似文献
16.
防渗帷幕灌浆是处理岩溶地区水库坝基坝肩渗漏的主要方法之一，它可以杜绝深、浅层的复杂的岩溶漏水问题，帷幕设计的合理性及其效果取决于水文地质、地下水的补排条件，水工建筑物结构之间的帷幕体的搭接形式，布置格局和边界范围。本文根据34处渗漏水库的灌浆实践，提出确定帷幕的深度和长度的原则，并得出了相关曲线和经验公式，对岩溶地区水库的渗漏处理进行探讨。 相似文献
17.
Seepage analysis and assessment of the effect of seepage control at reservoir sites are essential parts of dam design and operations, and of considerable significance for the safe and economic design of the masses and hydraulic structures associated with reservoir sites. In this study, a systematic process is provided for the optimal design and assessment of seepage control of reservoir dams under karst development conditions. A reservoir dam planned for construction in the middle-upper reaches of the Huayang River in China is selected as a case example for illustration. A three-dimensional equivalent continuum seepage finite-element numerical model is applied to investigate the effectiveness of the proposed and optimized seepage-control schemes, and it is calibrated by an inversion analysis of the initial seepage field based on the flexible tolerance method and field penetration test data. By analyzing the sensitivity of seepage discharge to the length and depth of the grouting curtain, a safe and economic seepage-control optimization scheme is suggested. Additionally, the sensitivity of seepage discharge to the hydraulic conductivity of the limestone layer is analyzed, and the results show that the hydraulic conductivity of the limestone layer has a significant impact on the seepage discharge of the reservoir site. The methodology and results derived from this study can provide technical support and reference for the optimal design and assessment of seepage control for reservoir dam engineering under karst conditions. 相似文献
18.
西南某水电站坝址基岩为碳酸盐岩,坝区断层构造和岩溶较发育。水库蓄水后,坝址右岸抗力体1 315 m排水洞出现持续渗漏。随库区水位升高,涌水量逐渐加大至约1.9 m3·s?1,水库无法正常蓄水。为查明库水渗漏途径,有针对性地采取措施减少渗漏量,开展了岩溶渗漏研究。通过工程地质测绘、岩溶水文地质调查、钻探、压水试验、孔内电视、孔内电磁波CT等勘察手段,结合前期平硐、基坑开挖和物探等勘查成果,并利用灌浆孔灌浆过程试验数据,最终查明库水渗漏通道:在水压力作用下,库水沿断裂构造F 12下渗,在深部沿层间溶蚀带绕过防渗帷幕,呈30°倾角向下游逐步抬升,最终通过竖向岩溶发育带,从1 315 m排水洞地质薄弱点涌出。通过对灌浆帷幕采取补强措施,封堵了主要渗漏通道,库水渗漏得到有效控制,达到了设计要求。 相似文献
19.
The Doosti Dam, with a reservoir capacity of 1,250 million cubic meters, was constructed on the Harirood River at the border
of Turkmenistan and Iran. The reservoir is in direct contact with permeable formations on the right abutment of the dam including
the Neyzar Sandstone, the Kalat Limestone and the Pesteleigh alternative layers of marlstone and sandstone. After the reservoir
impoundment, several new springs and seepages emerged from these formations and the alluvium. The amount of leakage increased
with the rise in reservoir water level. Fifteen kilograms of sodium fluorescein were injected into a 113-m deep borehole intersecting
three permeable sandstone layers of the Pesteleigh formation. Dye was detected downstream of the grout curtain in boreholes
and springs that were in direct contact with parts of the Pesteleigh formation having the same sandstone layers as the injection
borehole. The dye velocity was in the range of diffuse flow, confirming the good performance of the grout curtain in the Pesteleigh
formation. No dye was detected in the other formations because the injection borehole was not in direct contact with these
formations. The hydraulic relation of the other formations with the reservoir was determined by considering direct contact
of the formations with the reservoir, emergence of new springs and seepages after reservoir impoundment, correlation of time
variations of the springs discharge and the borehole’s water level with the reservoir water level, and in some cases the hydrochemistry
of the water. The results show that the Kalat and Neyzar formations are hydraulically connected to the reservoir, but the
small amounts of leakage from these formations at a hydraulic gradient of 24% indicates good performance of the built grout
curtain. The total reservoir leakage at maximum reservoir water level was 100 l/s which is insignificant compared with the
15 m 3/s average annual release of the reservoir. 相似文献
20.
A 204 m high solid concrete gravity dam is proposed across the River Yamuna in Garhwal Himalaya, India. It will be located on dolerite rocks which have been intruded into the slates of Chandpur Formation. The present study includes the evaluation of the dam foundation by means of drifts, drill holes, water pressure tests and abutment slope stability studies. The water pressure test indicate the necessity of providing a grout curtain below the dam foundation. The analysis of the dam abutments for stability using the Limit equilibrium method indicates that the right abutment slope is kinematically unstable for plane failure mode. The plane failure analysis of the right abutment slope was carried out by modifying the Hoek and Bray (1981, Rock Slope Engineering, 3rd ed., Institute of Mining and Metallurgy, London) technique of plane failure analysis. The analysis reveals that right abutment slope may become unstable during the stripping operation. Based upon the analysis a safe cut slope design for the abutments have been suggested. Subsurface exploration by means of cross drift and drill holes has indicated a sheared contact of slate and dolerite in the foundation area. To avoid the settlement of the dam along this shear zone precautionary measures are suggested. 相似文献
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