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1.
利用卫星遥感对同一地区重复成像的特点，采用从港湾不同时相的影像中提取不同潮位的水域面积的方法，建立潮位面积算式和采用分层求和的方法，建立沉 积参量算式。利用沉积参量算式和潮位面算式计算了海口港两个同时段的０ｍ以浅的沉积参量；１９６５－１９８４年时段沉积总量为４．５９×１０＾８ｍ＾３，沉积速率为２．４×１０＾５ｍ＾３／ａ；１９８４－１９９０年时段，沉积总量为－８．４×１０＾５ｍ＾３，沉积速率为－１． 相似文献
2.
海口湾遥感研究 Ⅰ.纳潮量及其变化 总被引：4，自引：1，他引：4
通过从遥感影像中提取的水域面积,结合潮汐资料建立纳潮量算式的方法,得到海口湾现有(1990年)纳潮量为5.14×107m3,1984年为5.80×107m3,1965年为5.05×107m3,文中在分析了决定纳潮量的形态因子和潮差因子后,得出因海口湾形态因子变化而引起纳潮量变化的趋势在1965～1984年呈减小趋势,递减率为2×10-3;1984～1990年呈增加趋势,递增率为1×10-3.1984年前所以呈减小趋势的主要原因是海湾泥沙自然沉淤所致;1984年后由于海口港、海口新港进行疏浚,扩充港池等使平均低潮水域面积增加,是引起纳潮量增加的主导因素。 相似文献
3.
胶州湾遥感研究Ⅱ.动力参数计算 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
应用从卫星遥感图像中提取的平均高潮线水域面积和水边线水域面积推算零米以下水域面积,以及结合潮位实测资料推算海湾纳潮量与沉积速率的方法,得出胶州湾现有(1988年)零米以下水域面积为257km~2、纳潮量为9.48×10~8m~3。这些数值比历史数据减小。胶州湾1963—1988年间的平均沉积速率为1.4cm/a,是1915—1963年间的2.7倍。文中还对湾口最大涨潮流速的推算方法进行了探索,应用于胶州湾得出最大涨潮流速为1.2m/s,也比历史数据有所减小。 相似文献
4.
利用近70a来19个不同年份的水深地形资料,基于GIS技术进行数字化冲淤分析,结合实测水文泥沙资料和人类活动,探讨椒江山溪性强潮河口河床冲淤调整过程。研究表明,近70a来无论是在河床纵横剖面还是在平面上,冲淤调整经历了较明显的四个阶段,可是平面上比纵横剖面上的平均冲淤速率更趋于整体性:(1)以自然作用为主,处于缓慢冲刷状态,冲刷区占65.4%,全区年均冲刷速率为2.3cm/a,年均冲刷量为53.7×104m3;(2)受支流永宁江上游建库蓄水影响,从缓慢冲刷转为较明显的淤积状态,淤积区占66.2%,全区年均淤积速率为2.2cm/a,年均淤积量为50.4×104m3;(3)受航道整治完成的部分工程作用,由淤积又转为轻微冲刷状态,冲刷区占62.6%,全区年均冲刷速率为1.8cm/a,年均冲刷量为41.4×104m3;(4)受航道和支流永宁江的综合整治作用,从轻微冲刷朝加速冲刷方向发展,冲刷区占71.5%,全区年均冲刷速率为5.6cm/a,年均冲刷量为130.8×104m3。这在某种程度上意味着椒江山溪性强潮河口河床冲淤调整受人为影响比受自然影响大。 相似文献
5.
从东海陆架区采集几组不受扰动的岩芯柱样,研究了有机氯杀虫剂BHC、DDT在东海陆架区的污染历史,表明BHC、DDT在本区的污染水平呈波动变化,约8-10年左右出现一个污染高峰.文中同时介绍了在不同时间尺度上估算水-沉积物界面上BHC、DDT沉积输入通量的两种较为简便的估算模式,并估算得1980-1981年间它们的沉积通量分别为1.3×10-5-19×10-5g/(m2·a)和8.4×10-5-74×10-5g/(m2·a)之间;而自BHC、DDT大量使用以来近40年间,在本陆架区的年均输入通量分别为5.18×10-5-7.70×10-5g/(m2·a)和11.5×10-5-21.0×10-5g/(m2·a)之间. 相似文献
6.
利用近70 a来19个不同年份的水深地形资料,基于GIS技术进行数字化冲淤分析,结合实测水文泥沙资料和人类活动,探讨椒江山溪性强潮河口河床冲淤调整过程。研究表明,近70 a来无论是在河床纵横剖面还是在平面上,冲淤调整经历了较明显的四个阶段,可是平面上比纵横剖面上的平均冲淤速率更趋于整体性：（1）以自然作用为主,处于缓慢冲刷状态,冲刷区占65.4%,全区年均冲刷速率为 23 cm/a,年均冲刷量为537×10 4 m3;（2）受支流永宁江上游建库蓄水影响,从缓慢冲刷转为较明显的淤积状态,淤积区占662%,全区年均淤积速率为22 cm/a,年均淤积量为504×10 4 m3;（3）受航道整治完成的部分工程作用,由淤积又转为轻微冲刷状态,冲刷区占626%,全区年均冲刷速率为18 cm/a,年均冲刷量为414×10 4 m3;（4）受航道和支流永宁江的综合整治作用,从轻微冲刷朝加速冲刷方向发展,冲刷区占715%,全区年均冲刷速率为56 cm/a,年均冲刷量为1308×10 4 m3。这在某种程度上意味着椒江山溪性强潮河口河床冲淤调整受人为影响比受自然影响大。 相似文献
7.
庵东浅滩沉积分带和沉积速率 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
杭州湾南岸的庵东浅滩具有地貌特征、沉积类型和沉积构造各异的三个沉积相带。垂向沉积带为潮滩沉积体的盖层,以泥滩、粘土质粉砂和薄砂泥交互层为特征;改造带位于中低潮位线附近,以粉砂滩、潮沟系统、粉砂沉积和沙波层理为特征;横向沉积带为潮滩堆积体的基础,以滩坡、粉砂及细砂质粉砂沉积、冲刷-充填构造为特征。据潮汐韵律层的统计,庵东浅滩沉积速率的短周期分量,常态条件下为每半日潮周期0.1～2.0cm,异常条件下可达每半日潮周期4～64cm。沉积速率的长周期分量,据地形对比和~(210)Pb推算,垂向沉积带为2～4.5cm/a;改造带中的粉砂滩为2.1～4.5cm/a,潮沟影响范围内为1～10~1cm/a量级;横向沉积带则以高于50cm/a的高沉积速率和变幅为主。近10年来,该浅滩的年淤积量为6×10~7t/a,其中85％集中于横向沉积带。 相似文献
8.
莱州湾南岸海岸侵蚀过程与原因研究 总被引：18，自引：0，他引：18
采用历史资料对比分析的方法,对莱州湾南岸1958-2004年的海岸侵蚀进行了研究。结果表明,1958-1984年,莱州湾南岸岸线平均侵蚀后退速率为27 m/a,0 m等深线后退速率为27~65 m/a,岸滩平均蚀低速率为2.1 cm/a。1984-2004年,莱州湾南岸岸线位置基本无变化,岸滩平均蚀低速率为1.04 cm/a,水深5 m以浅的区域表层沉积物变粗。海面相对上升、入海泥沙量减少和风暴潮是研究区海岸侵蚀主要原因,三者对海岸侵蚀影响权重比为3∶5∶2。 相似文献
9.
鲁南沙质海岸的侵蚀量及其影响因素 总被引：26，自引：0，他引：26
近数十年来,鲁南海岸持续侵蚀,与20世纪60年代相比,该段岸线平均蚀退率1 m/a左右,海滩沙侵蚀量约20.79×104 m3/a.其中,近28年陆源输沙平均减少6.47×104 m3/a,人为前滨采沙8.9×104 m3/a,海平面上升引起海滩侵蚀量约为1.67×104 m3/a,该三因素影响力度之比为4∶5∶1. 相似文献
10.
1984～2012年海州湾海岸线时空演变研究 总被引：4，自引：2，他引：2
以Landsat影像为数据源, 通过改进归一化水体指数、二值化、潮位校正模型提取海岸线, 使用数字海岸线分析系统(Digital Shoreline Analysis System, DSAS), 对1984～2012年海州湾海岸线的时空演变进行了研究。结果表明, 1984～2012年间海州湾海岸线整体以4.29 m/a向海洋推进, 其中, 48%的海岸出现侵蚀, 侵蚀速率为22.83 m/a, 侵蚀现象主要出现在大堤修建前的部分粉砂淤泥质海岸。52%的海岸出现淤积, 淤积速率为25.90 m/a, 淤积现象主要出现在人工海岸、河口海岸和受大堤影响的粉砂淤泥质海岸。海岸线时空演变研究有利于科学地规划、开发和管理海洋及其沿岸空间资源, 并保证其环境及经济的可持续发展。 相似文献
11.
ＲｅｍｏｔｅｓｅｎｓｉｎｇｓｔｕｄｉｅｓｉｎｔｈｅＨａｉｋｏｕＢａｙＣａｌｃｕｌａｔｉｏｎｏｆｔｈｅｄｅｐｏｓｉｔｉｏｎｐａｒａｍｅｔｅｒｓＷｕＬｏｎｇｙｅ,ＷｕＹｏｎｇｓｅｎ,ＳｕｎＹｕｘｉｎｇａｎｄＷａｎｇＺｈｅｎｘｉａｎ（ＲｅｃｅｉｖｅｄＡｕｇ... 相似文献
12.
Through the water areas extracted from remote sensing images and the combination of the methods for establishing the formula for calculating tidal influx with tidal data, the tidal influx of the Haikou Bay, Hainan Province was found to be 5.14×107m3 in 1990, 5.80×107m3 in 1984 and 5.05×107m3 in 1965, respectively.After the analysis of the morphological and tidal range factors which determine tidal influx, this paper presents the trend of the changes in tidal influx caused by the changes in the morphological factors of the Haikou Bay.It is found that a decreasing trend was shown with a depressive rate of 2×10-3during the period from 1965 to 1984, and an increasing trend with an incremental rate of 1×10-3 during the period of 1984-1990.The main reason for the appearance of the decreasing trend before 1984 is the natural deposition and silting-up of the bay sediments; after 1984, the dredging and expansion of the Haikou Port and the Haikou New Port which caused an increase in water area at the mean low tide are the leading factor which causes the increase in tidal influx. 相似文献
13.
The sedimentary sequence of the upper 4 m deposits in the Huanghe Harbour Pit is as follows, 1, Distributary mouth bar deposits formed before 1964; 2. lower delta plain (tidal flat) and subaqueous delta lateral deposits formed in the period of 1964-1972; 3. deposits of crevasse splay and distributary channel near mouth, formed in the period of 1972-1974; 4. tidal flat deposits formed in the period of 1975-1984. The sequence shows superimposition of sedimentary environments parallel to coastline. 相似文献
14.
15.
S.Duncan Heron Jr. Thomas F. Moslow William M. Berelson John R. Herbert George A. Steele III Kenneth R. Susman 《Marine Geology》1984,60(1-4):413-434
The sedimentary record of 130 km of microtidal (0.9 m tidal range) high wave energy (1.5 m average wave height) barrier island shoreline of the Cape Lookout cuspate foreland has been evaluated through examination of 3136 m of subsurface samples from closely spaced drill holes. Holocene sedimentation and coastal evolution has been a function of five major depositional processes: (1) eustatic sea-level rise and barrier-shoreline transgression; (2) lateral tidal inlet migration and reworking of barrier island deposits; (3) shoreface sedimentation and local barrier progradation; (4) storm washover deposition with infilling of shallow lagoons; and (5) flood-tidal delta sedimentation in back-barrier environments.
Twenty-five radiocarbon dates of subsurface peat and shell material from the Cape Lookout area are the basis for a late Holocene sea-level curve. From 9000 to 4000 B.P. eustatic sea level rose rapidly, resulting in landward migration of both barrier limbs of the cuspate foreland. A decline in the rate of sea-level rise since 4000 B.P. resulted in relative shoreline stabilization and deposition of contrasting coastal sedimentary sequences. The higher energy, storm-dominated northeast barrier limb (Core and Portsmouth Banks) has migrated landward producing a transgressive sequence of coarse-grained, horizontally bedded washover sands overlying burrowed to laminated back-barrier and lagoonal silty sands. Locally, ephemeral tidal inlets have reworked the transgressive barrier sequence depositing fining-upward spit platform and channel-fill sequences of cross-bedded, pebble gravel to fine sand and shell. Shoreface sedimentation along a portion of the lower energy, northwest barrier limb (Bogue Banks) has resulted in shoreline progradation and deposition of a coarsening-up sequence of burrowed to cross-bedded and laminated, fine-grained shoreface and foreshore sands. In contrast, the adjacent barrier island (Shackleford Banks) consists almost totally of inlet-fill sediments deposited by lateral tidal inlet migration. Holocene sediments in the shallow lagoons behind the barriers are 5–8 m thick fining-up sequences of interbedded burrowed, rooted and laminated flood-tidal delta, salt marsh, and washover sands, silts and clays.
While barrier island sequences are generally 10 m in thickness, inlet-fill sequences may be as much as 25 m thick and comprise an average of 35% of the Holocene sedimentary deposits. Tidal inlet-fill, back-barrier (including flood-tidal delta) and shoreface deposits are the most highly preservable facies in the wave-dominated barrier-shoreline setting. In the Cape Lookout cuspate foreland, these three facies account for over 80% of the sedimentary deposits preserved beneath the barriers. Foreshore, spit platform and overwash facies account for the remaining 20%. 相似文献
16.
Liselotte Diester-Haass 《Marine Geology》1973,14(3):207-223
Detailed coarse-fraction analyses have been made of twelve sediment cores from the Persian Gulf (40–100 m water depth) in order to detect Holocene climatic changes.The only indication of such a change was provided by the terrigenous material (i.e., the < 63 μ fraction) carried into the Gulf by rivers. All cores show characteristic variations in the quantity of terrigenous material and alternating fine- and coarse-grained layers.There was no other parameter which could point to variations in climate. This might be due to the fact that the sediments are sorted as a result of reworking by tidal currents (velocities 25–50 cm/sec): fine and light particles are removed. Any climatically-produced variations in amount or size of benthonic and planktonic organisms have probably been obliterated by tidal currents. The importance of this factor varied with time: during increased terrigenous supply, tidal currents modified the sediment surface for only short periods and a fine-grained layer was, therefore, deposited. A lesser supply of terrigenous material, on the other hand, resulted in the deposition of a coarse-grained layer.Contemporaneous sedimentation of layers with much terrigenous material (fine-grained layer) and with little terrigenous material (coarse-grained layer) is suggested. Observed petrographic variations are presumably due to large-scale changes of climate and not to local sedimentary variations (including shifts of river-mouth processes).Accordingly, the cores were correlated by examining the percentage of coarse fraction and the median diameter of the sand fraction. The assumption is that the higher the percentage of coarsegrained material, the lower the amount of terrigenous material transported into the Persian Gulf.In support of this correlation, another parameter - varying independently from grain size within one core - was examined: the species composition of pteropod shells. These quantitative changes could also be correlated, because there were different core sections with different species compositions.Correlation of the cores by grain size and by pteropod species provides the same results.Four different climatic zones could be distinguished between the lower and the upper part of the Holocene: a relatively arid period at about 9000 years B.P. was succeeded by a more humid period; this then was followed by a period of less rainfall and finally a period during the Late Holocene when rainfall increased again. This sequence is comparable to the established European climate chronology. 相似文献
17.
渤海湾内海岸的连续开发导致岸线 、海床发生较大变化, 同时影响着湾内的水沙通量。根据不同时期的遥感影像、 实测地形和水文泥沙资料, 统计分析了渤海湾岸线 、面积和海床冲淤变化, 构建了渤海潮流泥沙数学模型, 模拟了 1984 年、 2006 年和 2015 年三个时期的水沙分布, 探究了海岸连续开发对水沙分布和通量引起的累积效应。结果表明： 渤海湾岸线和 海湾面积变化主要发生于 2005 年后, 与 1984 年相比, 2020 年的岸线长度增长超过 185%,海湾面积减少近 19%;曹妃甸港 区南侧海域冲刷基本在 2 m 等深线以内, 而近岸和港池水域基本呈现淤积状态, 淤积幅度在 2 m 以内; 海湾的连续开发利用 使得湾内分潮波振幅增大 、传播速度减缓, 近岸海域的余流变化较为明显,南部较北部海域更甚;西北湾顶 0.2 kg/m3 悬沙 分布区域不断缩小, 西南近岸 0. 15 kg/m3 悬沙分布区域向中部海域推进; 悬沙通量变化与潮流通量并不完全一致, 呈外海增 加、近岸整体降低的变化特征, 湾内向外海输移泥沙的能力减弱。 相似文献
18.
基于近年来射阳港区水下地形数据和定点全潮水文观测资料,分析了双导堤建设前后冲淤变化特征,并对其成因进行了初步探讨。研究结果表明,研究区近6年来总体上以淤积为主,净淤积量约为65.23×106m3,年均净淤积速率约为7.9 cm/a;淤积区域主要分布于导堤两侧浅水区,侵蚀区域主要分布于导堤口附近。2008-2013年间研究区冲刷、淤积和相对稳定区域面积分别占15%、55%和30%。堤口东侧的SSW02站实测最大流速为1.54 m/s,北堤北部的SSW01站为1.4 m/s,无论是涨潮还是落潮,堤口均大于导堤北侧;导堤产生了沿堤水流和口门回流,改变了导堤两侧附近海域潮流方向并增大了口门处的沉积动力。研究区泥沙运动方式主要表现为波浪掀沙、潮流输沙;区域海流泥沙的沿程落淤和导堤挡流效应导致导堤两侧出现淤积,导堤产生的回流促使堤口冲刷和堤内泥沙回淤。导堤引起的局部流场变化是海底冲淤格局重新分布的主因。 相似文献
19.
互花米草对江苏潮滩沉积和地貌演化的影响 总被引：19，自引：1，他引：18
江苏潮滩面积大,岸滩冲淤动态变化复杂.人工引种互花米草对江苏海岸潮滩沉积地貌演化有较大影响,主要体现在影响潮滩沉积速率、物质分布及潮水沟地貌系统的发育等方面.根据定点站位不同年代的高程数据,分析Pethick-Allen模型在江苏潮滩盐沼的适用性;在现场采集柱状样并在室内进行137Cs分析,根据分析结果及前人研究结果,利用P-A模型分析计算江苏潮滩不同时期的沉积速率,结果表明互花米草的引种加快了潮滩沉积速率,它使潮滩沉积地貌演化脱离了原来的渐进函数关系.在选择的典型断面上采集表层底质样,在激光粒度仪上进行粒度分析,结果表明,互花米草易使细颗粒沉积物沉积,大米草滩和盐蒿滩表层沉积物主要来自潮水沟输送.根据野外调查并结合遥感分析,互花米草滩内潮水沟宽深比小,密度大,水道稳定,有别于光滩或大米草滩的潮水沟形态. 相似文献
20.
长江三角洲泥质潮坪沉积间断的定量分析 总被引：19，自引：0，他引：19
现场观测获得了长江口开敞型泥质潮坪不同时间尺度的沉积速率及层偶保存率。每天观测结果表明，单个层偶的保存率约为46．6％。随着观测时间间隔的增大保存率迅速减小,大小潮周期内层偶保存率降为9．2％，季节性观测层偶保存率为3．7％。现代长江三角洲建造一个完整的潮坪沉积层序约需96a。百年尺度潮坪层序层偶的保存率仅为0．74％，99．26％的潮汐周期由于侵蚀或无沉积而没有纹层保存下来，形成间断。因此，沉积间断占潮坪层序的比例应为99．26％。沉积速率和沉积时间之间存在对数线性负相关，拟合直线的斜率为－0．39，由此推导出潮坪层序的完整性计算公式为C＝（t^*/t)^ 0.39。虽然对泥质潮坪沉积中沉积间断的估计有很大的不确定性，但它是从现代沉积过程观测中得到的，可以帮助我们更深入地认识古代潮坪沉积的特征及其成因，并突出沉积间断在潮坪沉积层序中的重要性。 相似文献