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1.
1 INTRODUCTION It is doubtless that TCs making landfalls on Guangdong are one of the important aspects of the research on and prediction of short-term climate changes for the province. With regard to the climate patterns of TCs motion and factors governin…  相似文献   

2.
冰雹大小影响天气灾害的程度,为发展基于双偏振参量识别冰雹大小的算法,筛选了2019年、2020年山东省发生的33例冰雹事件,依据我国冰雹等级划分标准将其划分为小冰雹、大冰雹、特大冰雹,基于湿球0 ℃及冰雹融化特性确定了7个高度层,探讨了3类冰雹在不同高度层的双偏振参量分布特征,并获得了冰雹的偏振参量阈值。研究表明:在相同高度,冰雹越大雷达水平反射率因子Zh中位数越大、差分反射率因子Zdr中位数越小且基本为正值,但在-10~-20 ℃层,大冰雹的Zdr中位数易呈现负值;相关系数CC中位数随冰雹增大或高度降低而减小,但特大冰雹在0 ℃层到H0 ℃-1 km (0 ℃层下1 km) 之间由于融化比例较小CC反而会稍大;冰雹差分相移率KDP中位数在0 ℃层以上为0 °/km左右,在0 ℃层以下随高度降低冰雹融化而增加;大冰雹或特大冰雹基本特征是Zh大、CC小、Zdr小,CC可低至0.7以下,所有冰雹的Zdr、KDP可出现负值,小冰雹Zdr大于0 dB的情况较多,特大冰雹Zdr接近0 dB;-20 ℃层以上的Zh、0~-20 ℃层的CC和Zh、0 ℃层以下的CC、Zh、Zdr对冰雹大小比较敏感。   相似文献   

3.
1948~2001年全球陆地12~2月降水旱涝长期变化   总被引:5,自引:9,他引:5       下载免费PDF全文
高鸿  施能  白彬人  王颖 《气象科学》2004,24(4):387-397
本文利用1948~2001全球陆地月降水资料(PREC/L),研究了全球、北、南半球及欧亚、非洲、澳洲、北美、南美和南极大陆6个大尺度区域12~2月的降水趋势变化及早涝气候变化。结果表明:全球、南、北半球的12~2月的陆面降水有明显的年代际变化,全球12~2月降水量从1975年开始有明显的下降趋势,回归系数约为-0.017mm/a。北半球有明显的降水减少,约为-0.028mm/a,南半球12~2月降水表现为极微弱的下降趋势,且在统计上是不显著的。划分出了全球、南北半球、全球6个大尺度区域12~2月旱涝年,指出全球及北、南半球12~2月的旱涝有明显的年代际变化。70年代中期以前是全球洪涝多发期,80年代到90年代为全球干旱多发期。北半球旱涝特征与全球特征相近,南、北半球12~2月的旱涝没有明显的联系。12~2月大尺度区域中:欧亚大陆、北美洲、南极大陆旱涝年的分布有明显的年代际特征,并指出全球大部分地区的旱涝年降水量有显著的差异。6个大尺度区域12~2月的降水相关关系中,欧亚大陆和非洲大陆的相关系数最高,为-0.35,北美大陆与欧亚大陆,南美洲和澳洲的12~2月降水也有较高的相关关系。  相似文献   

4.
广州S波段双偏振雷达数据质量初步分析   总被引:4,自引:5,他引:4  
广东省已经通过新布设或对CINRAD\SA雷达的升级改造完成5部S波段双偏振雷达的业务运行。受目前双偏振雷达技术水平限制,双偏振雷达偏振量很不稳定,因此偏振雷达资料使用前需要对数据可用性、偏振量的系统偏差等进行初步分析,以保证偏振雷达后续产品的可靠性。使用广州S波段双偏振雷达稳定运行后的2016年7—8月连续观测资料,分析了噪声对零滞后相关系数ρHV(0)及差分反射率因子ZDR的影响和订正效果。结果表明:当SNR小于20.0 dB时,偏振参量ρHV(0)和ZDR的稳定性变差,数据不可用;噪声订正后,数据可用的SNR阈值减小为17.0 dB。进一步分析了经过噪声订正后的ZDR和ZH之间的关系,并与雨滴谱反演结果及理论值进行对比。结果表明:广州雷达ZDR较雨滴谱反演值和理论值均偏小,ZDR观测值存在系统偏差。结合广州的气候特征,对偏振量系统误差估计的微雨滴法的指数进行了调整,基于此方法分析了ZDR、初始相位ΦDP (0)的系统误差随方位角的变化。结果表明:ZDR系统误差随方位角在-0.29~0.22 dB之间波动,剔除遮挡后的平均偏差为-0.09 dB,与实测ZDR值和雨滴谱反演值及理论值对比偏小的结论一致,但偏差大小有区别;同时,ΦDP (0)随方位角有4 °左右的波动。分析还发现ZDR、ΦDP (0)系统误差有随时间波动的特征。最后挑选个例对ZDR进行噪声和系统误差订正后发现,订正后的ZDR得到改善。这些初步分析和结果对S波段双偏振雷达数据的使用有一定的参考意义。   相似文献   

5.
本文采用上海16年(1970—1985年)逐日平均气压资料,用相空间延拓的方法,计算了它的关联维D和Kalmogorov熵的近似值二阶Renyi嫡K2。得到D=7.7~7.9,为分数值,K2约为0.1,是一正数值。证明我国季风区短期天气吸引子是一种浑沌运动。由K2数值直接估计可预报时间T=(1K2)约为十天,与早期动力统计学方法所得的可预报时间尺度相一致。 本文计算中,考察了相空间拓展时延滞τ的效应。计算结果表明:关联维D和K2对τ均是收敛的。对本文所用上海逐日平均气压序列,用延滞τ=5延拓的相空间,各坐标分量是相互独立的,系统动力学特征量是稳定可靠的。   相似文献   

6.
分析1950年以来中等强度以上的ElNiño和LaNina当年和次年夏季(7月)低纬度风场和500hPa高度距平场,发现有不同的特征。其中中-西太平洋近赤道地区850、200hPa上风场异常变化十分明显,这种异常变化与南北半球大气相互作用有密切关系。在500hPa高度距平场上,北半球中、高和低纬地区表现出不同的正、负距平分布型式。上述特点对气候短期预测有一定参考意义。  相似文献   

7.
利用地面观测资料,对抚州市1959-2009年大雾天气气候概况及气象要素特征进行分析。结果表明,抚州市大雾年平均日数冬春季多、夏秋季少,大雾主要集中在10月到翌年4月;大雾区域分布极不均匀,东多西少,南多北少,山区谷地多平原少;大雾日数随着年代的推移总体呈逐渐减少趋势,平均以1.8d(/10a)的速度减少;大雾日数存在3-6a、12-15a和19-22a的周期变化;大雾存在明显的日变化特征,02-07时是大雾多发时段。当气温为0-10℃、相对湿度为85%-95%、风速为0-3m/s、气压为1005-1 015 hPa时,出现大雾的频率最高。一年中以辐射雾最多,占77.5%;其次是平流-辐射雾,占17.4%;平流雾仅占5.1%。  相似文献   

8.
雷达和卫星资料对江淮暴雨数值模拟的影响   总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2  
将“713”测雨雷达和GMS卫星云图资料引入PSU/NCAR中尺度模型,以改变初始湿度场,对两个不同类型的江淮暴雨过程进行了数值模拟敏感试验,并与控制试验作了比较分析。结果表明:加入雷达和卫星资料,能通过水汽和辐合上升运动的调整有效降水过程,引入雷达和(或)卫星资料所产生的影响有所不同。  相似文献   

9.
Reanalysis data from NCEP/NCAR are used to systematically study preceding signals of monthly precipitation anomalies in the early raining season of Guangdong province, from the viewpoints of 500-hPa geopotential height field, outgoing longwave radiation (OLR) field, sea surface temperature (SST) and fourteen indexes of general circulation depicting atmosphere activity at high, middle and low latitutes. Being multiple tools of information, a number of conceptual models are formulated that are useful for prediction of the magnitude of monthly precipitation (drought, flood and normal conditionss).  相似文献   

10.
分析1950年以来中等强度以上的ElNino和LaNina当年和次年夏季低纬度风场和500hPa高度距平场发现有不同特征。其中中-西太平洋近赤道地区850、200hPa上风场异常变化十分明显,这种异常变化与南北半球大气相互作用有密切关系。  相似文献   

11.
Outgoing Longwave Radiation (OLR) has been shown to play an important role in climatic diagnosis and long-term prediction and research. With the OLR data 1974 ~ 1997 as observed by satellites, the characteristics are computed. The results are used to depict the location and intensity of the subtropical high in the study of the relationship between the annual frequency of tropical cyclones affecting the Fujian province and ITCZ / subtropical high. It is shown that in years of fewer (more) tropical cyclones, the ITCZ is southward (northward) located with weaker (stronger) intensity, and the subtropical high is southward (northward). As shown in the relationship between the anomalous years of tropical cyclones and characteristics of preceding OLR fields, the OLR anomalies are just oppositely distributed in the Pacific Ocean for years of more (fewer) tropical cyclones. In other words, the years of fewer (more) tropical cyclones are associated with positive anomalies of OLR in the tropical west Pacific but negative (positive) anomalies in the equatorial central and eastern Pacific. It is hoped that our study be setting foundation for short-term climatological prediction of tropical cyclones.  相似文献   

12.
热带对流活动对热带内外地区环流季内遥相关变化的作用   总被引:2,自引:1,他引:2  
余斌  黄荣辉 《气象学报》1996,54(3):272-281
基于ECMWF客观分析资料,本文采用诊断分析的方法研究了1983/1984和1986/1987两年冬季季内30—60d低频域中热带对流与热带外环流以及低频扰动动能频散之间的关系。结果表明,热带对流强度上的差异可以造成热带内外地区季内遥相关波列以及低频波能频散上的差别。热带对流作用可以是联系热带内外地区季内遥相关作用的一个重要的衔接因子。  相似文献   

13.
14.
An objective analysis of tropical cyclone tracks is performed, with which the tracks of 131 tropical storms (TSs) in 1972-2011 are separated into three types that move west-, north- and northwestward, denoted as Types A, B and C, respectively. Type A (21 TSs and 16% of total) has the origin in the southwestern Bay of Bengal, with the TS in a unimodal distribution as its seasonal feature, occurring mainly in autumn; 18 of the 21 TSs (taking up 90%) land mostly on the western Bay coast (west of 85°E); 5% of Type-A TSs attains the wind speed of >42.7 to 48.9 m/s. Type A has little or no effect on Tibet. Type B (74 TSs, 56.6% of the total) has its preferable origin in the central Bay of Bengal, with the TS in a bimodal distribution as its seasonal pattern. This type denotes the travel in the north in spring, with the landfall of 67 of the 74 TSs (accounting for 91%) mainly on the middle coast of the Bay (85° to 95°E), and 19% of the TSs reaching the wind velocity of >42.7 to 48.9 m/s, which exert great effect on Tibet and it is this TS track that gives strong precipitation on its way through this region. Type C (36 TSs, 27.5% of the total) has its main origin in the southern part of the bay, and these TSs are formed largely in autumn, moving in the northwest direction, and 23 of the 36 TSs (64%) land mostly on the western Bay coast, lasting for a longer time, with almost no impact upon Tibet.  相似文献   

15.
利用1990—2012年影响浙江省的41个台风统计资料,分析了浙江省台风灾害成因中自然属性和社会属性特征。结果表明,台风导致的灾害程度与其带来的风雨潮密切相关,其中平均降雨量、降雨量极值与直接经济损失的相关系数分别为0.509 6和0.584 1。当台风登陆中心附近最大风速达到30 m/s及以上时,灾害程度会明显加重。准确及时的气象监测预报服务是防御台风最重要的依据。倒塌房屋数量与死亡人数密切相关,相关系数达到了0.862 5。防汛抗台设施的高标准建设有效减轻了台风的灾害损失。2000年以来,浙江省台风灾害导致的直接经济损失占本省国内生产总值比例呈现下降趋势。政府防御指挥水平是减轻灾害的重要保障,其中,转移人口等防灾措施有效减少了人员伤亡。  相似文献   

16.
宁夏夏季降水性层状云微结构观测分析   总被引:10,自引:4,他引:10  
牛生杰  马铁汉 《高原气象》1992,11(3):241-248
  相似文献   

17.
An optimization method is based to design a snowfall estimate method by radar for operational snow warning, and error estimation is analyzed through a case of heavy snow on March 4, 2007. Three modified schemes are developed for errors caused by temperature changes, snowflake terminal velocity, the distance from the radar and calculation methods. Due to the improvements, the correlation coefficient between the estimated snowfall and the observation is 0.66(exceeding the 99% confidence level), the average relative error is reduced to 48.74%, and the method is able to estimate weak snowfall of 0.3 mm/h and heavy snowfall above 5 mm/h. The correlation coefficient is0.82 between the estimated snowfall from the stations 50 to 100 km from the radar and the observation. The improved effect is weak when the influence of the snowflake terminal velocity is considered in those three improvement programs, which may be related to the uniform echo. The radar estimate of snow, which is classified by the distance between the sample and the radar, has the most obvious effect: it can not only increase the degree of similarity, but also reduce the overestimate and the undervaluation of the error caused by the distance between the sample and the radar.The improved algorithm further improves the accuracy of the estimate. The average relative errors are 31% and 27% for the heavy snowfall of 1.6 to 2.5 mm/h and above 2.6 mm/h, respectively, but the radar overestimates the snowfall under1.5 mm/h and underestimates the snowfall above 2.6 mm/h. Radar echo may not be sensitive to the intensity of snowfall, and the consistency shown by the error can be exploited to revise and improve the estimation accuracy of snow forecast in the operational work.  相似文献   

18.
耿全震  黄荣辉 《气象学报》1996,54(2):132-141
研究了1982/1983年12—2月对流层上层由辐散风和瞬变的涡度通量所产生的涡度源异常对定常波异常的强迫作用。结果表明,瞬变的涡度通量辐合的异常有抵消或耗散辐散风产生的涡度源异常的趋势;定常波的异常是在这两种强迫力的共同作用下维持的。同时还表明,对1982/1983年的情况,热带和赤道中东太平洋上的涡度源异常以及中纬度北太平洋上的涡度源异常都对太平洋/北美地区的大气环流异常起了重要的作用。  相似文献   

19.
In this study, sensitivity experiments were conducted with the Zebiak-Cane ocean-atmosphere coupled model forced by the wind stress anomaly from the U.S. National Centers for Environmental Prediction/National Center for Atmospheric Research (NCEP/NCAR) reanalysis data to study the impacts of eastern Pacific warm pool on the formation and development of ENSO events. The effects of climatological mean sea surface temperature of the warm pool on forecast skill during the ENSO events of 1982–1999 are more considerable that those of climatological mean meridional winds and ocean currents. The forecast skill for the 1997/1998 El Ni?o event is characterized by sensitivity to climatological mean sea surface temperature and anomalies of northerly winds and currents. The forecast skill is found insensitive to climatological mean northerly meridional winds and currents.  相似文献   

20.
董钢  潘晓滨等 《气象科学》2001,21(2):127-135
本文利用美国科罗拉多州立大学95年完成的RAMS(Regional atmosphere Modeling system)3B版模式,通过冷、暖云两种方案,以常规报文资料为初值对1998年7月20-21日发生在湖北地区的特大暴雨过程进行了模拟分析,初步试验表明模式具有模拟此次强暴雨过程的能力,20日20时至21日20时24小时降水分别为304mm和206mm,最大雨强分别为48mm/hr和31mm/hr,降水中位于鄂东地区,与实况基本吻合。进一步分析表明聚合体粒子在此次降水中占有主要地位,冰相粒子的加入对降水有重要的增幅作用。  相似文献   

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