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1.
地下水污染及其监测治理问题 总被引：7，自引：0，他引：7
王克三 《水文地质工程地质》1998,25(5):46-47
地下水污染及其监测治理问题当前超量开采和水质污染已构成地下水资源的主要危机。实践中人们已认识到,采取相应的对策,超量开采问题是可以得到缓解或避免的。水质污染问题,生态环境受到严重破坏,日趋严重。采取卓有成效的措施解决地下水水质污染问题已是水文地质工作... 相似文献
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石家庄市地下水污染特征及机理 总被引：6，自引：2，他引：6
在石家庄市地下水污染现状评价及预测的基础上，对地下水污染机理进行了探讨。最后认为，地下水超量开采是其水质恶化最重要的诱发原因，控制盐污染是今后改善地下水环境质量的关键。 相似文献
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太原市地下水酚,氰污染成因与途径分析及水质保护措施 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
薛禹群 《水文地质工程地质》1998,25(5):14-17
太原市是我国重化工能源基地的中心城市之一,以地下水为主要供水水源,而太原盆地作为主要水源地,由于超量开采,再加上“三废”的排放,地下水已遭受污染,本文对污染太原盆地地下水的主要毒素酚,氰在时,空上的分布及其变化进行分析,探讨污染地下水的主要途径和污染机理,并提出地下水污染保护措施,为城市规划,环境保护提供依据。 相似文献
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松原市地下水资源状况与开发保护对策 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
分析了松原市地下水资源的状况,指出人类活动对地下水赋存环境的不利影响,导致地下水环境恶化,水质污染,超量开采等问题。并针对具体问题,提出实行总量控制,强化污染治理,节约保护和地下水环境修复等具体的开发保护对策。 相似文献
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运城市地下水资源开发利用的问题及对策 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
通过对运城市平原区地下水超量开采引起的环境地质问题以及工业废水、生活污水对地下水的污染状况的分析,基于可持续发展思想,提出加强沿黄地下水水源地的建设开发,加大节水灌溉设施建设,调整开采层位,对地下水资源合理定价,严格控制工业废水及生活污水对地下水资源的污染等一系列对策措施. 相似文献
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本文通过对运城地区地下水资源超量开采引起的一系列环境地质问题及工业、生活污水对地下水污染现状的探讨,基于可持续发展的思想,提出了运城地区地下水资源开发、利用应采取的策略。 相似文献
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浅析某油田地下水石油类污染途径 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
研究区处于东北某油田区,该油田已有近50年的开发历史。随着对石油需求的不断增加,大量的石油被开采了出来。但是在开采过程中由于对落地原油及开采过程中油田废水的处置不当,致使地下水遭受了污染。因此保护地下水免受进一步污染对当地居民的身体健康和人身安全都是非常必要的。笔者基于研究区水样测试的结果石油类污染物浓度等值线图,发现地下水中石油类污染小范围内呈面状分布外,主要呈点状分布于研究区。通过结合对研究区地质环境、构造背景、地表水流和污染源的大量调查研究,分析得出石油类污染物主要是通过由过量开采地下水引起的地裂缝和新构造断裂引发的地裂缝以及事故性污染到达地下水的。研究区的ZK6号井附近由于长期的超量开采地下水从而改变了地下水流向,在地表则形成了地面沉降并引发了此处的地裂缝,致使此地下水油类的污染非常严重。另外,新构造断裂在北西向、北北东向及东西向3组壳断裂带的基础上继承性运动,致使下伏含油层油气沿裂缝上窜污染上覆含水层,同时在油田地表发育大量的地沟、地裂缝,地表洒落的原油及其他污染物通过这些地裂缝污染含水层。 相似文献
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地下水水位的连年持续下降,必将引发地下水水源枯竭、地面学降、水质污染等地质灾害的发生,这是超量开采地下水的结果。防患于未然,使地下水资源良性循环是城市供水工作的重点。开发新的水源地,充分利用地表水,合理调减开采地下水,是防治地下水位持续下降的有效措施。 相似文献
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Patterns in groundwater chemistry resulting from groundwater flow 总被引：18，自引：7，他引：11
Pieter J. Stuyfzand 《Hydrogeology Journal》1999,7(1):15-27
Groundwater flow influences hydrochemical patterns because flow reduces mixing by diffusion, carries the chemical imprints
of biological and anthropogenic changes in the recharge area, and leaches the aquifer system. Global patterns are mainly dictated
by differences in the flux of meteoric water passing through the subsoil. Within individual hydrosomes (water bodies with
a specific origin), the following prograde evolution lines (facies sequence) normally develop in the direction of groundwater
flow: from strong to no fluctuations in water quality, from polluted to unpolluted, from acidic to basic, from oxic to anoxic–methanogenic,
from no to significant base exchange, and from fresh to brackish. This is demonstrated for fresh coastal-dune groundwater
in the Netherlands. In this hydrosome, the leaching of calcium carbonate as much as 15 m and of adsorbed marine cations (Na+, K+, and Mg2+) as much as 2500 m in the flow direction is shown to correspond with about 5000 yr of flushing since the beach barrier with
dunes developed. Recharge focus areas in the dunes are evidenced by groundwater displaying a lower prograde quality evolution
than the surrounding dune groundwater. Artificially recharged Rhine River water in the dunes provides distinct hydrochemical
patterns, which display groundwater flow, mixing, and groundwater ages.
Received, May 1998 · Revised, August 1998 · Accepted, October 1998 相似文献
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基于地下水开发的岩溶地下水系统类型划分方案探讨 总被引：3，自引：2，他引：1
岩溶山区多年的地下水开发利用实践证明,传统的岩溶地下水系统划分不利于指导岩溶山区勘查找水和地下水资源的开发。为了更好地指导岩溶山区地下水资源的勘查和开发,文章从有利指导岩溶山区地下水勘查和开发利用的角度,在继承传统划分方法的基础上,提出了一种新的以地下水的赋存条件、富集条件,以及开发条件三个层次组合的地下水系统综合划分方法:根据岩溶地下水系统与供水目标在空间上的关系划分为“高位”和“低位”两种类型,根据控制地下水富集的水文地质结构划分为“开放”和“封闭”两个亚类,根据地下水的水动力和排泄特点划分为集中（地下河、岩溶泉）和分散排泄三类系统,并给出了“高位”型地下水系统开发成本低、“封闭型”地下水系统资源丰富,“封闭型地下水系统”是缺水区勘查找水的主要目标,合理的岩溶水系统的开发利用应按照“高位封闭型”、“高位开放型”、“低位封闭型”的顺序进行规划部署,“低位开放型”地下水系统则因富水性差、开发利用成本高可作为储备水源地的建议。 相似文献
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Gropius M. Dahabiyeh M. Al Hyari M. Brückner F. Lindenmaier F. Vassolo S. 《Hydrogeology Journal》2022,30(6):1769-1787
Jordan suffers from water scarcity and groundwater covers the majority of Jordan’s water supply. Therefore, there is an urgent need to manage this resource conscientiously. A regional numerical groundwater flow model, developed as part of a decision support system for the country of Jordan, allows for quantification of the overexploitation of groundwater resources and enables determination of the extent of unrecorded agricultural groundwater abstraction. Groundwater in Jordan is abstracted from three main aquifers partly separated by aquitards. With updated geological, structural, and hydrogeological data available in the country, a regional numerical groundwater flow model for the whole of Jordan and the southernmost part of Syria was developed using MODFLOW. It was first calibrated for a steady-state condition using data from the 1960s, when groundwater abstraction was negligible. After transient calibration using groundwater level measurements from all aquifers, model results reproduce the large groundwater-level declines experienced in the last decades, which have led to the drying out of numerous springs. They show a reversal of groundwater flow directions in some regions, due to over-abstraction, and demonstrate that documented abstractions are not sufficient to cause the observed groundwater-level decline. Only after considering irrigation water demand derived from remote sensing data, the model is able to simulate these declines. Illegal abstractions can be quantified and predictive scenarios show the potential impact of different management strategies on future groundwater resources.
相似文献15.
地下水可持续开采量与地下水功能评价的关系 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
针对中国北方地下水评价中偏重资源而对地下水的生态功能和地质环境功能重视不足的问题,立足于流域尺度的地下水循环系统和地下水的自然属性,突出协调综合发挥地下水的资源功能、生态功能和地质环境功能的目标,从地下水可持续开采量与地下水功能的理念基础、评价原则和评价机理3个方面探讨二者的内在关联性,认为它们同源于人与自然和谐的理念,都以流域尺度的地下水循环系统为研究主体,以保护生态与地质环境为目标,彼此相互促进和相互支撑.地下水功能评价是合理确定地下水可持续开采量的充分条件,地下水可持续开采量的合理确定是实现地下水功能评价目标的必要条件;如果二者缺一,则地下水的生态功能或地质环境功能难以得到有针对性的保护. 相似文献
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地下水的自动化监测过程 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
胡军 《水文地质工程地质》2003,30(1):101-102
本文详细介绍地下水位自动监测系统的基本构成、工作方式,以推动地下水动态监测工作的开展。 相似文献
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Delineation of groundwater potential zones and electrical resistivity studies for groundwater exploration 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
The electrical resistivity method is widely used in groundwater exploration studies. The method is particularly well suited to carry out groundwater studies in hard-rock terrains. The popular Schlumberger method of electrode configuration was applied in the study area. In all, 112 vertical electrical soundings (VESs) were carried out at different locations in the study area. VES interpretations were used to generate a top-layer contour map and a depth-to-basement map. Finally, a groundwater quality/potential map for the study area was generated using the depth-to-bedrock map, a water-level fluctuation map, and the second-layer thickness. Furthermore, this groundwater potential map was classified into three sectors, i.e. poor, moderate and good zones with respect to the prospects of finding groundwater in the study area. This map has a practical value, as it provides guidance to farmers in selecting favourable well sites, thereby avoiding unnecessary financial losses. 相似文献
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Anthropogenic activities create various contaminated leachate, which can migrate downward from the vadose zone to groundwater,
transferring contaminants, including some hazardous ones.
When these various sources of contamination influence the groundwater aquifer simultaneously, the effects of contamination
are enhanced.
The major concern of this study has been to determine whether the shape of a groundwater chlorograph might be the result of
such deterministic effects as accumulation of one or more particular processes of groundwater contamination, and how this
might relate to specific hydrological situations.
This study proposes a classification of groundwater contamination on the basis of properties of the main components of groundwater
quality graphs and the corresponding hydrogeological/environmental situation.
The study further suggests that contamination of groundwater in any hydrogeological situation (e.g. sea water) may be graphically
expressed.
A variety of chlorographs and nitrographs, representative of various groundwater aquifers sampled from a number of wells throughout
Israel attest to this.
The study thus indicates that groundwater quality graphs may be considered as a complementary tool for groundwater quality
control and better understanding aquifer situations. 相似文献
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A methodology for making initial estimates of groundwater recharge from groundwater vulnerability mapping 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
Recharge to an aquifer can be estimated by first calculating the effective rainfall using a soil moisture budgeting technique, and then by applying a recharge coefficient to indicate the proportion of this effective rainfall that contributes to groundwater recharge. In the Republic of Ireland, the recharge coefficient is determined mainly by the permeability and thickness of the superficial deposits (subsoils) that overlie the country’s aquifers. The properties of these subsoils also influence groundwater vulnerability, and a methodology has been developed for determining the recharge coefficient using the groundwater vulnerability classification. The results of four case studies have been used to develop a quantified link between subsoil permeability, aquifer vulnerability, recharge and runoff. Recharge and runoff coefficients are each classed into three groupings: high, intermediate and low. A high recharge coefficient equates to a low runoff coefficient, and vice versa. A GIS-based tool enables preliminary estimates of recharge to be made using these recharge coefficient groupings. Potential recharge is calculated as the product of effective rainfall and recharge coefficient. The actual recharge is then calculated taking account of the ability of the aquifer to accept the available recharge. The methodology could be applied to other temperate climate zones where the main aquifers have a substantial covering of superficial deposits. 相似文献