共查询到20条相似文献，搜索用时 31 毫秒
1.
水田井灌区主要是开发利用地下水资源发展农业灌溉,针对井灌区的运行特点,以干扰井群的水力计算理论为依据,通过建立目标函数及相应的约束条件,采用非线性规划的分析方法,提出水田井灌区规划优化设计井参(成井直径,成井深度,成井密度及涌水量)的求解公式和求解方法。 相似文献
2.
针对石羊河流域日益严峻的生态环境问题,选择干旱区生态需水计算为切入点,以变异理论为基础,利用Mann-Kendall非参数检验的方法确定石羊河北部平原区地下水位恢复的目标年,用生态功能区划方法划分生态功能区,利用达西定律、阿维里扬诺夫公式计算了地下水恢复及生态目标条件下的生态需水量,并提出了相应的生态保障措施. 结果表明：石羊河北部平原区划分为5个生态功能亚区及16个三级区,地下水位恢复的目标年份为1977年,地下水恢复到1977年的生态需水量为 55.95×108~74.10×108 m3,2015年和2020年生态目标条件下的生态需水分别为1.66×108 m3和1.80×108 m3. 考虑到地下水恢复的缓慢性和现实性,建议优先考虑设定目标条件下的植被正常生长生态需水,其次通过继续压缩人均耕地面积和灌溉定额的方式保证地下水恢复. 相似文献
3.
Seasonal dynamic of a shallow freshwater lens due to irrigation in the coastal plain of Ravenna,Italy 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Alexander Vandenbohede Pauline N. Mollema Nicolas Greggio Marco Antonellini 《Hydrogeology Journal》2014,22(4):893-909
Irrigation in low-lying coastal plains may enhance the formation of fresh groundwater lenses, which counteract salinization of groundwater and soil. This study presents seasonal dynamics of such a freshwater lens and discusses its influence on the salinity distribution of the unconfined aquifer in the coastal plain of Ravenna, Italy, combining field observations with numerical modeling (SEAWAT). The lens originates from an irrigation ditch used as a water reservoir for spray irrigation. The geometry of the freshwater lens shows seasonal differences because of freshwater infiltration during the irrigation season and upconing of deeper saltwater for the remainder of the year. The extent of the freshwater lens is controlled by the presence of nearby drainage ditches. Irrigation also results in a temperature anomaly in the aquifer because of the infiltration of warm water during the irrigation season. The surficial zone in the vicinity of the irrigation ditch is increased considerably in thickness. Finally, different irrigation alternatives and the influence of sea-level rise are simulated. This shows that it is necessary to integrate irrigation planning into the water management strategy of the coastal zone to have maximum benefits for freshening of the aquifer and to make optimal use of the existing infrastructure. 相似文献
4.
干旱区绿洲灌区水资源集中开发使用,改变了地下水潜流场分布,造成了盐渍化和荒漠化并存的生态问题,严重威胁着绿洲的生态安全。以生态圈层结构理论为基础,深化研究潜水影响层概念内涵,构建干旱平原区潜水蒸发概念性模型,以黑河罗城灌区为例,从机理上揭示干旱区荒漠化与盐渍化的地下水埋深条件并进行定量计算与调控,主要成果如下:①描述了造成内陆河干旱区绿洲内部盐渍化和过渡带荒漠化的潜水蒸发运移规律,利用潜水影响层定义了盐渍化与荒漠化地下水临界埋深,并进行了定量计算,得到罗城灌区绿洲内部次生盐渍化的地下水临界埋深为1.3~1.5 m,过渡带荒漠化地下水临界埋深为8~13 m;②讨论了潜水影响层厚度定量公式中关键参数土壤当量孔径和液体表面张力在不同生态问题中的合理取值;③提出一种协同缓解干旱区盐渍化和荒漠化的地下水位调控方案,实现改善灌区内部盐渍化、控制过渡带荒漠化和水资源高效利用等多个目标。 相似文献
5.
在系统梳理前人调查研究成果基础上,总结了西北内陆河流域主要的含水层特点,对山区、平原区和沙漠区的地下水循环特点进行了分析,着重对平原区地下水水流系统进行了讨论。由于西北内陆河流域地下水与地表水关系密切,形成了具有密切水力联系的含水层-河流系统,不论是上游开发地表水还是地下水,都会引起整个流域内地下水资源的强烈变化。地下水资源评价表明,西北内陆河流域地下水资源量为783亿m~3/a,其中平原区的地下水资源量为487亿m~3/a,山区与平原区的地下水资源重复量为199亿m~3/a,现状开采量为128亿m~3/a。地下水开发潜力分析表明,除柴达木盆地、塔里木盆地南缘等地区外,其他地区的地下水开采潜力有限,应通过提高水资源的利用效率来提高其承载能力。今后应加大(微)咸水资源化、地下水水库的调查研究,加强地下水的生态功能和生态需水量评价,为地下水资源的合理开发利用提供技术支撑。 相似文献
6.
河北省太行山山前平原浅层地下水位持续下降,问题十分突出,然而,该区域又是我国优质冬小麦的重要产区。能否实现在浅层地下水采补平衡的同时做到冬小麦稳产,是该区域水资源保护和农业生产管理工作中亟待回答的重要问题。基于分布式水文模型的模拟结果表明:在该区域若要实现地下水位止降回升这一压采目标,仅利用浅层地下水进行灌溉,冬小麦的产量会减少40%以上。考虑到南水北调中线工程的引水线路自南向北贯穿河北省太行山山前平原,建议在冬小麦关键需水期的灌溉中采用“一水用浅层地下水另一水用南水北调水”的“修改的春浇两水”模式。基于模拟结果的估算表明:在这种限水灌溉模式下有望实现浅层地下水采补基本平衡且冬小麦基本稳产。值得注意的是,这种“修改的春浇两水”模式,需要南水北调中线引水工程每年提供的灌溉水量大约为8.6×108 m3,灌溉成本较纯井灌至少增加562.5～1282.5元/hm2。本研究可为我国最典型的浅层地下水超采区——河北省太行山山前平原探索保产量与节水并举的新路径提供定量化的参考。 相似文献
7.
Nguyen Cao Don Hiroyuki Araki Hiroyuki Yamanishi Kenichi Koga 《Environmental Geology》2005,47(3):361-374
In coastal lowland plains, increased water demand on a limited water resource has resulted in declining groundwater levels, land subsidence and saltwater encroachment. In southwestern Kyushu, Japan, a sinking of the land surface due to over pumping of groundwater has long been recognized as a problem in the Shiroishi lowland plain. In this paper, an integrated model was established for the Shiroishi site using the modular finite difference groundwater flow model, MODFLOW, by McDonald and Harbaugh (1988) and the modular three-dimensional finite difference groundwater solute transport model, MT3D, by Zheng (1990) to simulate groundwater flow hydraulics, land subsidence, and solute transport in the alluvial lowland plain. Firstly, problems associated with these groundwater resources were discussed and then the established model was applied. The simulated results show that subsidence rapidly occurs throughout the area with the central prone in the center part of the plain. Moreover, seawater intrusion would be expected along the coast if the current rates of groundwater exploitation continue. Sensitivity analysis indicates that certain hydrogeologic parameters such as an inelastic storage coefficient of soil layers significantly contribute effects to both the rate and magnitude of consolidation. Monitoring the present salinization process is useful in determining possible threats to fresh groundwater supplies in the near future. In addition, the integrated numerical model is capable of simulating the regional trend of potentiometric levels, land subsidence and salt concentration. The study also suggests that during years of reduced surface-water availability, reduction of demand, increase in irrigation efficiency and the utilization of water exported from nearby basins are thought to be necessary for future development of the region to alleviate the effects due to pumping. 相似文献
8.
诱发滑坡的地下水流系统响应历史与趋势——以甘肃黑方台灌区为例 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
灌溉的地下水系统响应是黑方台地区灌溉诱发地质灾害研究的基础.黑方台台塬自上而下由黄土、砂砾石和基岩3个含水岩组构成.以对斜坡稳定性影响最大的黄土含水系统为研究对象,分析了灌溉前后水均衡变化,采用数值模拟的方法恢复了引水灌溉引起的地下水流系统演化过程,对不同灌溉量下地下水流系统发展趋势进行了预测.结果表明,黑方台地区长期大量引水灌溉打破了地下水均衡,改变了地下水系统的天然状态,使地下水的分布及其水流系统发生了很大变化,中心部位地下水位44年间上升了至少20m,减少灌溉量至350× 104m3/a地下水位将呈下降趋势.研究成果可为黑方台滑坡地质灾害综合治理提供科学依据. 相似文献
9.
武威盆地位于祁连山北麓,河西走廊东段,腾格里沙漠西侧,是一个历史悠久的农业灌溉盆地。本文针对该区由于不合理开发水资源所引起的生态环境问题,采用系统工程的思想和方法,应用地下水系统管理模型确定地下水系统的最优开采方案,以使地下水的开采在取得最大经济效益的同时,保持良好的生态环境和社会环境。论文通过地下水系统的目标分析、环境分析、结构分析和模型化,确立了盆地地下水系统管理的目标、自然环境、技术经济环境和社会环境约束条件,校正了地下水系统的数值模型。在此基础上,用响应矩阵法把地下水系统的数值模型与最优化模型藕合起来,建立了盆地地下水系统的管理模型。通过运转管理模型,获得了盆地地下水的最优开采方案,为地下水合理开发利用,提供了科学依据。 相似文献
10.
Hydrochemical appraisal of groundwater and its suitability in the intensive agricultural area of Muzaffarnagar district,Uttar Pradesh,India 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Muzaffarnagar is an economically rich district situated in the most fertile plains of two great rivers Ganga and Yamuna in
the Indo-gangetic plains, with agricultural land irrigated by both surface water as well as groundwater. An investigation
has been carried out to understand the hydrochemistry of the groundwater and its suitability for irrigation uses. Groundwater
in the study area is neutral to moderately alkaline in nature. Chemistry of groundwater suggests that alkaline earths (Ca + Mg)
significantly exceed the alkalis (Na + K) and weak acids exceed the strong acids (Cl + SO4), suggesting the dominance of carbonate weathering followed by silicate weathering. Majority of the groundwater samples (62%)
posses Ca–Mg–HCO3 type of hydrochemical species, followed by Ca–Na–Mg–HCO3, Na–Ca–Mg–HCO3, Ca–Mg–Na–HCO3–Cl and Na–Ca–HCO3–SO4 types. A positive high correlation (r
2 = 0.928) between Na and Cl suggests that the salinity of groundwater is due to intermixing of two or more groundwater bodies
with different hydrochemical compositions. Barring a few locations, most of the groundwater samples are suitable for irrigation
uses. Chemical fertilizers, sugar factories and anthropogenic activities are contributing to the sulphate and chloride concentrations
in the groundwater of the study area. Overexploitation of aquifers induced multi componential mixing of groundwater with agricultural
return flow waters is responsible for generating groundwater of various compositions in its lateral extent. 相似文献
11.
In recent decades, the high population growth has increased the demand for agricultural lands and products. Groundwater offers reliability and flexibility in access to water for irrigation purposes, especially in arid and semi-arid areas, such as Amol-Babol Plain, Iran. However, the quality and quantity of groundwater may not be suitable for irrigation purposes in all areas due to urbanizations, and intensive agricultural and industrial activities. Groundwater suitability zoning for irrigation purposes could be useful to improve water resources and land use planning, mostly in areas with water scarcity. Therefore, a GIS-based indices method is proposed to assess suitable zones for agricultural activities, integrating the irrigation water quality (IWQ) index and hydrogeological factors. IWQ index was utilized to assess groundwater quality based on salinity hazard, infiltration hazard, specific ions, and trace elements hazards, and miscellaneous effects such as pH, bicarbonate, and nitrate. The potential of the aquifer for irrigation water abstraction was investigated using hydrogeological surveys such as slope angle of the plain, hydraulic conductivity, and aquifer thickness. The groundwater suitability index classified most of the study area (more than 90 %) as “excellent” or “good” suitability zones for irrigation purposes. A limited area of around 5.6 % of the total area has moderate suitability for irrigation purposes due to the Caspian Seawater intrusion and the presence of fossil saline water. The proposed methodology provides useful information in order to allow irrigation management to prevent water and soil deterioration. 相似文献
12.
Suitability assessment of shallow and deep groundwaters for drinking and irrigation use in the El Khairat aquifer (Enfidha, Tunisian Sahel) 总被引：2，自引：1，他引：1
The El Khairat aquifer is an important groundwater aquiferous system, which is considered a major source for drinking and
irrigation water in Enfidha in Tunisian Sahel. The analysis of groundwater chemical characteristics provides much important
information useful in water resources management. Assessing the water quality status for special use is the main objective
of any water monitoring studies. An attempt has been made for the first time in this region to appreciate the quality and/or
the suitability of shallow and deep groundwater for drinking and irrigation. In order to attend this objective, a total of
35 representative water samples were collected during February 2007 from both boreholes (17) and wells (18); and analyzed
for the major cations (sodium, calcium, magnesium and potassium) and anions (chloride, sulphate, bicarbonate, and nitrate)
along with various physical and chemical parameters (temperature, pH, total dissolved salts, and electrical conductivity).
Based on the physico-chemical analyses, irrigation quality parameters like sodium absorption ratio (SAR), residual sodium
carbonate (RSC), percentage of sodium (Na%), and permeability index (PI) were calculated. In addition to this, iso-concentration
maps were constructed using the geographic information system to delineate spatial variation of qualitative parameters of
groundwater samples. The correlation of the analytical data has been attempted by plotting different graphical representations
such as Piper, Wilcox, and US Salinity Laboratory for the classification of water. The suitability of the water from the groundwater
sources for drinking and irrigation purposes was evaluated by comparing the values of different water quality parameters with
World Health Organization guideline values for drinking water. A preliminary hydrochemical characterization shows that most
of the groundwater samples fall in the field of calcium–magnesium–chloride–sulphate type of water. Majority of the samples
are not suitable for drinking purposes and far from drinking water standards. The high EC value and the percentage of Na in
most of the groundwater render it unsuitable for irrigation. Wilcox classification suggested that around 50% of both deep
and shallow groundwater samples are unsuitable for irrigation. According to the US Salinity Classification, most of the groundwater
is unsuitable for irrigation unless special measures are adopted. 相似文献
13.
Evaluation on Groundwater Resources of Medium Salinity in Tarim Basin and Development and Demonstration of Under-mulch-drip Irrigation Technology for Cotton 
下载免费PDF全文
下载免费PDF全文 The groundwater of medium salinity refers to the groundwater with a mineralization degree of 2-7 g/L that can be directly or indirectly used for irrigation. This paper determined the distribution area of the groundwater with medium salinity in Tarim Basin, estimated the total amount of recharge resources and exploitable quantity of the groundwater of medium salinity. The irrigation water quality assessment was conducted on the groundwater of medium salinity by using multiple factors and methods. The salt tolerance parameters and irrigation water mineralization control parameters of the cotton in under-mulch-drip irrigation were determined. The under-mulch-drip irritation technology for cotton in groundwater of medium salinity was developed and applied successfully to the demonstration area. The social, economic and ecological effects of this technology as well as the application prospect were analysed. This paper also puts forward two questions that need to be further studied 相似文献
14.
西部缺水地区地下水勘查物探技术方法优化研究 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
西部地区水资源短缺严重制约了本地区的经济发展。如何针对西部缺水地区水文地质特点，合理选择地球物理勘探综合技术方法寻找地下水，提高地下水勘查效率，是水文地质工作面临的十分重要问题。本文针对西部缺水地区浅层孔隙水、浅层岩溶裂隙水、深层孔隙水、深层岩溶裂隙水的四种主要类型，探讨其优化的物探技术方法。 相似文献
15.
以河北省石津灌区为研究对象,以2007-2009年两季冬小麦生育期为研究时段,基于Hydrus-1D和Modflow模型模拟分析了井渠结合灌溉模式下冬小麦的净入流量水分生产率和净灌溉水分生产率的尺度效应(作物、田间、分干、干渠和灌区尺度)。结果表明:①从作物尺度到灌区尺度,损失水量越来越多,使得净入流量水分生产率和净灌溉水分生产率分别减少了9.49%和16.59%;②由于研究区地下水埋深较大,冬小麦生育期内渗漏补给地下水库的重复利用水量很小,而净灌溉水分生产率因为考虑了这一小部分重复利用水量,比传统的灌溉水分生产率有了小幅提升;③在多年时间尺度上,由于渗漏水量能够全部进入地下水库被重复利用,净入流量水分生产率随尺度增大而增大,而不同空间尺度的净灌溉水分生产率也比冬小麦生育期时间尺度上提高37%~65%。 相似文献
16.
Ahmet Apaydin 《Environmental Earth Sciences》2009,59(2):339-345
In central Turkey, there are serious groundwater quality problems in the main river valleys and plains, and even in the lower parts of the secondary basins due to the underlying evaporitic geological formations. Groundwater quality improves towards the upstreams in the alluvium aquifers in most secondary valleys; however, groundwater potential decreases as well due to the reduced basin area, areal extent and thickness of the aquifers. The Malibogazi valley is situated to some 100 km north of Ankara. The dam constructed in the narrowest section of the valley has an average storage coefficient of 0.2 and the total and active storage capacities of 110,000 and 55,000 m3, respectively. The 20-m-thick aquifer extends for 6–7 km till the dam site within valley with an average width of 50–70 m. It mostly comprises sandy–gravely alluvial deposits. Malibogazi groundwater dam is a valve-controlled gravity flow dam. When the valves are opened, the water from the aquifer reservoir flows by gravity through supply pipe to the main irrigation channel, but when the valves are closed the water is stored in the aquifer and groundwater level begins to rise. Average groundwater discharge was about 20 l/s in 2005–2006 irrigation period. In this period, groundwater levels were about 2 m higher compared to the groundwater levels in the same seasons before the construction of the groundwater dam. Because the dam is of gravity flow type, it means an important contribution to the farmers since the operation cost is quite low. Malibogazi groundwater dam represents one of the first experiences of Turkey in the field of groundwater storage. Although the dam has small storage capacity, it may be a model for Turkey from the viewpoints of investigation, construction, dam wall, intake facility and measurements etc. 相似文献
17.
内蒙古河套灌区浅层地下水化学特征和灌溉适宜性分析 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
随着黄河流域水资源供需矛盾加剧,我国特大型灌区——内蒙古河套灌区开始采用黄河水与地下水相结合的方式进行农业灌溉。本研究采集河套灌区内499组地下水样品和1组黄河水样品,在分析地下水和黄河水样品的水化学特征基础上,运用钠吸附比(SAR)、渗透指数(PI)、钠含量(SC)和残余碳酸钠(RSC)以及《农田灌溉水质标准(GB 5084—2021)》对地下水和黄河水的灌溉适宜性进行对比分析。结果表明,地下水与黄河水均为弱碱性水,Ca2+和HC03-为优势离子,Gibbs图显示地下水受到岩石风化淋溶和蒸发浓缩的双重影响,对灌溉适宜性影响较大的钠盐主要来自岩盐溶解。灌溉适宜性分析结果表明,从SAR、PI和RSC指标来看,地下水的灌溉适宜性较好,从SC指标来看,不适宜灌溉的地下水主要分布在灌区北部总排干和灌区南部黄河沿岸;根据农田灌溉水质标准分析,除总砷和氯化物两项指标外,其余指标适宜灌溉样品占比均高于90%,综合评价全区共231组地下水样品适宜灌溉。地下水与黄河水灌溉适宜性对比表明,黄河水的SAR和SC指标灌溉适宜性分析结果较好,地下水的PI和RSC指标灌溉适宜性分析结果较好,根据灌溉水质标准显示黄河水所有指标均适宜灌溉。本研究为日后内蒙古河套灌区合理选用灌溉水源提供数据支撑,为该区域地下水的治理与防控提供科学依据。 相似文献
18.
地下水位预测是区域水资源管理的重要依据。针对地下水位在时间序列上表现出高度的随机性和滞后性,建立了基于主成分分析与多变量时间序列CAR（Controlled Auto-Regressive）模型耦合的地下水位预报模型,将该模型应用于济南市陡沟灌区地下水位预测,结果显示,模型模拟值与实测值的决定系数R2和Nash-Suttcliffe系数Ens均达到0.90以上;以2011年为基准年,当降水量减少10%~20%,蒸发量和生活用水量增加10%~20%,调入27.39万~137.0万m3地表水用于农业灌溉时,到2030年灌区地下水位将维持在30.99~31.29 m,较基准年上升0.12~0.42 m。在区域水资源紧缺的背景下,适当引入地表水灌溉,减少地下水的开采,灌区地下水位将逐步回升,对于灌区的可持续发展和区域水资源的合理利用具有重要意义。 相似文献
19.
Gaoqing Plain is a major agriculture center of Shandong Province in northern China. Over the last 30 years, the diversion
of Yellow River water for intensive irrigation in Gaoqing Plain has led to elevation of the water table and increased evaporation,
and subsequently, a dramatic increase in salt content in soil and rapid degradation of crop productivity. Optimal strategies
have been explored, that will balance the need to extract sufficient groundwater for irrigation (to ease the pressure on diverting
Yellow River water) with the need to improve the local environment by appropriately lowering the water table. Two simulation-optimization
models have been formulated and a genetic algorithm (GA) is applied to search for the optimal groundwater development strategies
in Gaoqing Plain, while keeping the adverse environmental impacts in check. Compared with the trial-and-error approach of
previous studies, the optimization results demonstrate that using an optimization model coupled with a GA search is both effective
and efficient. The optimal solutions identified by the GA will provide Gaoqing Plain with the blueprints for developing sustainable
groundwater abstraction plans to support local economic development and improve its environmental quality.
Li Zheng is currently a visiting scientist in the Mathematical Modeling and Analysis Group, Los Alamos National Laboratory,
New Mexico, USA. 相似文献
20.
地质学报 《《地质学报》英文版》2000,74(2):18-369
The arid area is one of the most concerned areas among the water resources researchers and economists. Northwest China will be an important developing region of China in the 21st century. Yaoba is a well-irrigation oasis within this arid area, which is located in the Alxa area west of the Helan Mountains and next to the Tengger desert in the east. It has contributed greatly to the local stock raising and agriculture since its development in 1970. However, the groundwater which the oasis depends on to survive has been getting salinized gradually and more serious in recent years.A comprehensive study was carried out using the methods of groundwater environment isotope analysis, lithofaci-es and palaeogeography, calculations of water-rock interaction and the existing form of chemical components in groundwater etc. It has been found that the salinization of groundwater is mainly caused by reinfiltration water solving the salt in soil which is deposited simultaneously with the sediments and accumulated in th 相似文献