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1.
地面GPS探测大气的最新进展 总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5
综述了利用地面ＧＰＳ站探测大气的技术，包括基本原理，方法，应用，最新进展和结果的介绍以及存在于该技术的误差源的讨论。从地面ＧＰＳ站的观测和表面气象参数可得出天顶湿延迟的估计，再由它和可降水汽量之间的转换关系就可得出ＰＷＶ估计。这种方法求得的ＰＷＶ时间序列不仅能提高天气预报的准确度而且有助于气候变化的研究和数值天气预报模型的改进，这就是新兴学科ＧＰＳ气象学形成的基础。 相似文献
2.
The differential code bias (DCB) is the differential hardware (e.g., the satellite or receiver) delay that occurs between two different observations obtained at the same or two different frequencies. There are two approaches used to estimate DCBs for receivers and satellites: the relative and absolute methods. The relative method utilizes a GPS network, while the absolute method determines DCBs from a single station (zero difference). Three receiver types based on the pseudo-range observables were used here to collect the GPS data: Codeless Tracking, Cross Correlation, and Non-Cross Correlation styles. According to its types, GPS receivers have responded to restrictions on the GPS signal structure in different ways. The main goal of the current research is providing a method to determine the DCBs of GPS satellites and dual frequency receivers. The developed mathematical model was based on spherical harmonic function and geometry-free combination of pseudo-range observables (C/A or/and P-code) according to receiver type. A new elevation-dependent weighting function with respect to GPS satellites in our algorithm was applied. The applied weighting function was used to consider the quality variation of satellite DCBs, which is caused by pseudo-range measurement errors. The code of the proposed mathematical model was written using MATLAB and is called “zero difference differential code bias estimation (ZDDCBE)”. This code was tested and evaluated using data from IGS GNSS stations and different types of GPS stations out of IGS network installed in Egypt and Saudi Arabia. The estimated values from the ZDDCBE code show a good agreement with the IGS analysis centers with a mean error of estimation for the receiver DCB equal 5.94%. Therefore, the ZDDCBE code can be used to estimate the DCB for any type of receiver regardless if the receiver is from IGS network or not. 相似文献
3.
In June 1998 National Survey and Cadastre — Denmark (KMS) carried out an airborne gravity survey over the Polar Sea to the north of Greenland. A Twin Otter from Greenlandair, equipped with autopilot and additional fuel tanks, was employed for the survey. A modified marine LaCoste & Romberg gravimeter and geodetic GPS receivers operating in differential mode made up the basic scientific instrumentation used to monitor the gravity field variations. A laser altimeter and a low cost inertial measurement unit consisting of three gyros and three accelerometers were included to sustain the postprocessing of the GPS data. The presentation will focus on the integration and validation of the system, including comparison with marine and ice gravity measurements. Gravity results from Lincoln Sea and Wandel Sea between latitude 82 N and 85 N, covering the shelf region and the continental slope and rise, will be presented. 相似文献
4.
随着GPS应用技术的不断成熟,GPS定位测量获得大地高精度在逐渐提高。如何有效利用GPS水准测量把GPS高程转换成工程所需的正常高,成为了水利测量工作者非常关心的问题。本文以淮北矿业集团临涣工业基地引水工程为实例,采取多项式曲线方法进行了GPS水准拟合的深入研究,最后得出结论:在地形起伏不大的平原地区,通过多项式曲线拟合,所获得的正常高结果可以满足四等水准的精度要求,在带状测区的水利工程中可以取代几何水准测量。 相似文献
5.
地基GPS气象学研究的主要问题及最新进展 总被引：11，自引：0，他引：11
目前大多数映射函数在低高度角时精度都比较差，发展适应低高度角的映射函数，提高低高度角观测值的利用率，研究大气的水平梯度是目前地基GPS气象学的主要研究任务，发展随时空变化的动态映射函数也是国际上的一个主要研究问题。由于PWV不能提供水汽分布的三维信息，求定GPS信号斜路径方向上的水汽SWV，以及利用SWV层析大气的垂直结构是目前国际上 GPS气象学的研究前沿。文中总结了目前国际上SWV的求定及层析水汽三维结构的主要方法，及存在的问题。把GPS探测的水汽同化到数值天气预报中，以提高数值预报的能力是GPS气象学研究的目的，作者介绍了目前水汽在数值预报模型中的同化情况。另外还回顾了利用GPS观测结果进行全球气候变化和大气折射环境研究的进展。 相似文献
6.
枣庄市城市控制测量项目采用现代大地测量的方法,利用D级GPS控制网作为测区首级控制网和精密水准点,选用20个点构成骨架网,按照GPS网的可靠性指标、精度指标、效率指标,进行优化设计;利用Trimble DIN112电子水准仪进行GPS四等水准联测,通过一定数量和分布均匀的GPS／水准点进行高程拟合。该项目了取得的成果精度,完全符合1：500大比例尺测图的要求。 相似文献
7.
应用GPS水准控制山区高程的基本原理是当GPS点布设成一定区域时，可以用数学曲面拟合法求待定点的正常高，根据测区中已知点的平面坐标或大地坐标和高程异常值，用数字拟合法求出该区似大地水准面，得出等求点的正常高。在陕西丁家林金矿区实验结果表明，该方法与传统的三角高程控制法相比，无论在平原或在山区都能获得较好精度。因此，用GPS水准可替代几何水准。 相似文献
8.
GPS广播星历轨道误差试验研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
介绍了如何利用广播星历中的开普勒轨道参数和轨道摄动修正量计算GPS卫星轨道坐标的方法和步骤。编写了根据广播星历计算GPS卫星轨道坐标软件，并根据实际广播星历数据计算了GPS卫星轨道坐标，然后与同一历元的IGS精密星历所提供的每15min GPS卫星的坐标进行了比较，探讨其轨道误差，并得出了一些值得借鉴的结论。 相似文献
9.
Iran is a developing country, and nowadays, a demand to establish a time transfer system can be sensed more than anytime. On the other hand, global positioning system (GPS) is one of the most efficient and accurate systems in precise time estimation and dissemination domain. This study aims to investigate the different accuracy limiting effects of a time transfer system in a geodetic point of view. For this purpose, a simulation study is performed in which pseudo-range and carrier phase observations are simulated for some GPS stations in Iran. The baselines for time transfer have been chosen in a way that the maximum effect of each bias source can be analyzed. Therefore, the results of this study can be used in order to design the absolute and relative locations of the GPS stations equipped with external atomic frequencies in Iran considering a specific application. As a result, the most prominent bias source is the site-specific troposphere parameters which produce a variation of more than 1 ns in the time transfer results. Other bias sources including bias in the coordinate components and orbital information have a considerable impact only for time keeping purposes. Additionally, the influence of noise of the carrier phase and pseudo-range observations is analyzed. Variations of clock estimations between consecutive epochs up to 70 ps and day boundary discontinuities up to 0.6 ns, respectively, are the results of measurement errors. On the other hand, a time transfer between H-masers located at US Naval Observatory and National Resources Canada has been conducted to pursue a standard and efficient algorithm to deal with the problem of day boundary jumps. The method of overlapping batches with 12 h coverage of each of the involved days is applied to overcome this problem. The results of this method show a considerable decrease in the magnitude of the day boundary jumps. 相似文献
10.
国际大地测量协会（IAG）2003年 7月在日本札晃举行了近 8天的学术讨论会。现将讨论会中关于我国近邻国家大地基准现代化,低轨卫星（LEO）解算地球重力场的新方法---《一步法》,及GPS数据处理方法的新进展等进行扼要介绍。《国际地面参考框架（ITRF）》一直作为全球的大地测量坐标框架,它目前存在的主要问题是它的框架点是一律被假定作常速运动的,但实际情况与ITRF的这一假定是不一致的。在这次大会上我国的近邻国家如日本、蒙古、新西兰、韩国、马来西亚等报告了本国大地坐标系统、坐标框架的更新和现代化,以及地区大地水准面的精化工作。通常利用二步法从低轨卫星的轨道信息求定地球重力场及其时变,大会上报告的一步法是对这一经典方法的重大改进和突破。GPS数据处理方法的新进展中比较突出的有：顾及观测数据短暂性相关影响的GPS连续运行网坐标及其移动速度的解算方案;含有系统误差的GPS观测数据的解算等。 相似文献
11.
白浩铁路一期工程线路自桑锡线的白音库伦车站引出,直至门迪诺尔,全线长约52.253km。根据野外施工条件采用GPS定位技术进行E级网平面控制测量,高程控制采用几何水准方法,在施测时加测一个临时点以增加图形强度。测量施工采用4台S82-2008双频GPS接收机按静态观测方法进行同步观测,观测时间控制在45min~60min。根据GPS网平差后坐标和点位精度分析,该项勘测工程控制网设计与施工措施合理,测量结果满足规范所规定的各项限差要求。白浩铁路一期工程GPS施测控制网的布设方法为GPS在沙漠地区特殊条件下的应用提供了一成功例证。 相似文献
12.
利用成都地基全球定位系统(GPS)观测网2004年7~9月的观测数据,结合自动气象站获得的气象资料计算出GPS遥感的可降水量(PWV).与气象探空站观测资料算出的可降水量进行对比,确定出本次GPS遥感可降水量的精度为3.09 mm.并对成都、郫县夏季PWV的日循环特征进行了合成分析.结果表明:PWV呈明显的日循环,最小值出现在8:00(北京时间),成都和郫县分别为40.5 mm和35.0 mm;最大值出现在17:00左右,成都和郫县分别为43.5 mm和38.0 mm.白天PWV的变化较大,夜间相对稳定,日变幅为3 mm.在盛夏静稳型天气下,成都地区的PWV日循环特征与地面气温基本一致,皆受太阳辐射日变化的控制.降水日变化的一个显著特点是降水主要发生在夜间,当PWV在下午达到最大之后,主降水阶段开始,使PWV明显减少,同时使地面空气比湿迅速增大;当PWV下降到一个稳定状态后,主降水过程随之结束.大气水汽总量的积累和释放与地面降水有较好的对应关系,PWV的持续性递增和持续性递减预示着降水的开始和结束. 相似文献
13.
GPS求得的高程是地面点在WGS84坐标系中的大地高,而我国采用正常高系统的高程,是通过该点的大地高减去该点的高程异常获得。高程异常的获取,惯用的做法是曲面拟合法,这种方法在水准点稀少的测区（特别是山区）实施起来比较困难。EGM2008模型是迄今为止分辨率最高、精度最好、阶次最多的全球重力场模型。首先利用EGM20081′×1′的大地水准面模型计算各点的高程异常,再通过联测一个一等水准点,获取EGM2008模型所表示的全球似大地水准面与我国高程基准面之间的差异,即可将GPS大地高转换为1985国家高程基准的正常高。兴城测区实例表明,EGM2008模型高程转换法在山区仅用一个水准点即可实现GPS大地高到正常高的转换,且高效率、高精度。 相似文献
14.
Mostafa Rabah Zaki Zedan Essam Ghanem Ahmed Awad Ahmed Sherif 《Arabian Journal of Geosciences》2016,9(13):613
Nowadays many continuously operating reference stations (CORS) network were established in Middle East to improve the surveying tasks. Establishing such geodetic control networks can be a costly business where multiple stations should be occupied simultaneously and post-processed with scientific software. Recently, precise point positioning (PPP) provides precise positioning values that may be an alternative to precise relative processing. The current research aims to investigate that PPP has a potential as a reliable absolute positioning technique operational simplicity as well as to investigate the capability of PPP approach to be a low cost alternative to the conventional positioning methods used in position determination of core networks stations. In comparison with common relative GPS techniques, the costs are reduced; because no base stations and no simultaneous observations are necessary, no need for control network maintenance which could be the most defective factors that Egypt HARN network suffered from. To see the feasibility study of using PPP for precise determination of the CORS, 14 days of GNSS data for the 14 Kuwait integrated with 27 IGS stations were processed by Bernese software to calculate the precise coordinates of Kuwaiti CORS network in the latest terrestrial geodetic frame. Three days of these data were processed by Trimble business center software and using PPP approach to calculate the precise coordinates of Kuwait network. In the current research, a comparable investigation was carried out between the coordinates obtained from Bernese software, Trimble business center, and PPP approach. The comparison proved high level of agreement between the coordinates which confirm that PPP approach can be applied for establishment of CORS network. 相似文献
15.
全球定位系统（GPS）以其全天候、操作简便、高精度等特点在环境监测与保护、地质、测绘等领域得到了广泛应用。各地质及测绘单位一般拥有多种型号的GPS接收机,但由于观测数据格式不统一而不能联合作业,而RINEX格式是GPS数据一种常用的标准数据格式,通用性强,利于多种型号的GPS接收机联合作、肛,绝大多数商用软件都能处理。本文根据实践,总结了不同类型GPS接收机联合作业数据处理的关键技术,并用试验证明,对生产实践有一定的借鉴意义。 相似文献
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17.
Abel inversion for deriving refractivity profile from down-looking GPS radio occultation: simulation analysis 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
Down-looking (DL) Global Positioning System (GPS) radio occultation can produce an estimate of the atmospheric refractivity profile. The main observations are the bending angle as a function of the impact parameter. DL provides both negative as well as positive elevation angle measurements. Abel inversion can be operated on a profile of partial bending angle found by subtracting the positive elevation measurement from the negative one with the same impact parameter. Abel inversion requires the spherical symmetrical assumption. Basically, partial bending calculation removes the ionospheric bending and hence it is possible to use a single frequency GPS receiver. The current paper introduces a simulation data for the case of a receiver on mountain top. The simulation uses model refractivity from MSISE-90 model as well as radiosonde data. Random noises are added to the bending angle profile before inversion. The result shows that it is possible to produce accurate vertical refractivity profile below the receiver altitude. The calculation of the water vapor profile is also made using temperature profile information from the MSISE-90 model as well as radiosonde. The errors in the retrieved vapor profile are always less than 0.1?mbar. 相似文献
18.
This paper discusses the prospects of application of the laser deformographs, broadband seismographs, and GPS/GLONASS receivers
for the purpose of prediction of a probable crustal earthquake with magnitude 7 at the depth of 20 km by variations of the
stress-strain field of the Earth on its surface. The measurement carried out have shown that the application of laser deformographs
can solve this problem, while the application of various seismographs and GPS/GLONASS receivers cannot help to do this. 相似文献
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20.
With the successful launch of the sixteen MEO satellites of the Beidou-3 global satellite navigation system and the broadcast of new signals, Beidou has officially entered the global construction stage while the international GNSS Monitoring and Assessment System (iGMAS) is also performing systematic testing and evaluation on various aspects of operational performance from satellite end to ground receiving end of Beidou-3 system. This paper analyzed and evaluated the observation quality of new signals B1C and B2a broadcasted by the twelve new Beidou-3 MEO satellites on the observation data integrity rate, multipath error, pseudorange noise and Carrier-to-Noise Ratio (CNR) compared with GPS and GALILEO. The results show that the observation data integrity rate of B1C signal is better than that of B2a signal in the Beidou-3 system. In the aspects of multipath error, pseudorange noise and CNR, B2a signal is better than that of B1C. The performances of the twelve MEO satellites of Beidou-3 are equivalent, that is, for Beidou-3, the consistency of satellites can be guaranteed. In terms of pseudo-range noise, Beidou-3 is slightly worse than GPS and GALILEO While the observation data integrity rate, multipath error and CNR of Beidou-3 are equivalent to those of GPS and GALILEO. 相似文献