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1.
Hypoplastic constitutive equation based on nonlinear tensor functions possesses a failure surface but no yield surface. In this paper, we consider the numerical integration and FE implementation of a simple hypoplastic constitutive equation. The accuracy of several integration methods, including implicit and explicit methods, is examined by performing a set of triaxial compression tests. Adaptive explicit schemes show the best performance. In addition, the stress drift away from the failure surface is corrected with a predictor-corrector scheme, which is verified by two boundary value problems, i.e. rigid footing tests and slope stability. 相似文献
2.
It is well known that soil is inherently anisotropic and its mechanical behavior is significantly influenced by its fabric anisotropy. Hypoplasticity is increasingly being accepted in the constitutive modeling for soils, in which many salient features, such as nonlinear stress-strain relations, dilatancy, and critical state failure, can be described by a single tensorial equation. However, within the framework of hypoplasticity, modeling fabric anisotropy remains challenging, as the fabric and its evolution are often vaguely assumed without a sound basis. This paper presents a hypoplastic constitutive model for granular soils based on the newly developed anisotropic critical state theory, in which the conditions of fabric anisotropy are concurrently satisfied along with the traditional conditions at the critical state. A deviatoric fabric tensor is introduced into the Gudehus-Bauer hypoplastic model, and a scalar-valued anisotropic state variable signifying the interplay between the fabric and the stress state is used to characterize its impact on the dilatancy and strength of the soils. In addition, fabric evolution during shearing can explicitly be addressed. Modifications have also been undertaken to improve the performance of the undrained response of the model. The anisotropic hypoplastic model can simulate experimental tests for sand under various combinations of principle stress direction, intermediate principal stress (or mode of shearing), soil densities, and confining pressures, and the associated drastic effect of different principal stress orientations in reference to the material axes of anisotropy can be well captured. 相似文献
3.
A hypoplastic constitutive model for clays 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
D. Ma&#x;ín 《国际地质力学数值与分析法杂志》2005,29(4):311-336
This paper presents a new constitutive model for clays. The model is developed on the basis of generalized hypoplasticity principles, which are combined with traditional critical state soil mechanics. The positions of the isotropic normal compression line and the critical state line correspond to the Modified Cam clay model, the Matsuoka–Nakai failure surface is taken as the limit stress criterion and the non‐linear behaviour of soils with different overconsolidation ratios is governed by the generalized hypoplastic formulation. The model requires five constitutive parameters, which correspond to the parameters of the Modified Cam clay model and are simple to calibrate on the basis of standard laboratory experiments. This makes the model particularly suitable for practical applications. The basic model may be simply enhanced by the intergranular strain concept, which allows reproducing the behaviour at very small strains. The model is evaluated on the basis of high quality laboratory experiments on reconstituted London clay. Contrary to a reference hypoplastic relation, the proposed model may be applied to highly overconsolidated clays. Improvement of predictions in the small strain range at different stress levels is also demonstrated. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
4.
格型钢板桩结构有限元数值分析 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
以有限元软件ABAQUS作为分析平台,建立波浪荷载作用下格型钢板桩结构稳定性及应力分析的三维弹塑性有限元分析模型。格型钢板桩采用壳体单元模拟,在相邻板桩之间设置铰接连接器模拟板桩之间的相对转动;土体采用Mohr-Coulomb本构模型模拟,在格型钢板桩与其内、外土体之间设置接触面单元模拟它们之间的滑移、张裂和闭合。结合某实际工程,研究结构的破坏模式、失稳特性和应力分布特性,分析参数变化对结构稳定性和环向拉力的影响,并对格内土体的剪切变形进行分析,建议格型钢板桩锁口拉力的验算断面。结果表明,铰接连接器的设置对于结构稳定性影响不大,但对环向拉力有一定影响;格内土体的剪切变形主要发生在格体中轴处,符合太沙基法结论。 相似文献
5.
Wei Wu 《国际地质力学数值与分析法杂志》2000,24(3):245-263
The paper investigates the incipience of shear band with an incrementally non‐linear constitutive equation. Necessary conditions for the emergence of shear band are derived. The lower bound solution is obtained by taking the strain rate inside and outside the shear band into consideration. Numerical results of localized bifurcation for general stress and strain are presented and compared with experiments. In the principal stress space, the stresses at the onset of shear band form a surface, which is partially enclosed by the failure surface for homogeneous straining. The significance of the analysis for identification of the material parameters and verification of the constitutive model against experiments is discussed. Copyright © 2000 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
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7.
在现行条分法的基础上,建立了一种全新的边坡条块力-位移分析方法。现行条分法中条块底边的力学参数采用极限平衡状态力学参数,即每个条块底边均处于极限平衡状态,这种极限平衡状态对于残余应力是较为适宜的。采用理想弹塑性模型和一种全新的本构模型描述土条块底边力学特性,并以不平衡推力法为例,提出了临界状态条块的确定方法,针对可能的破坏模式进行了分析,并提出了边坡整体破坏各条块的应力和位移的确定方法,计算出相应的稳定系数,如传统强度折减法、综合下滑力-抗滑力法、主推力法、综合位移法和富余位移法稳定系数。通过计算分析论证了理想弹塑性模型在不改变力学参数的情况下是难以描述边坡渐近破坏过程的,而一种全新的本构模型可以描述渐近破坏各条块的力学行为。提出的条块力-位移法可以确定边坡在不同荷载和位移条件下的稳定性,也可以获得边坡的推力变化和滑面移动特征,进而实施边坡的应力、位移和稳定性的初步预测预报。 相似文献
8.
A basic hypoplastic constitutive model for sand 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
Hypoplastic constitutive models are based on nonlinear tensor functions and are characterized by simple formulation and few parameters. In its early stage, mainly basic hypoplastic constitutive equations were concerned, where the stress tensor is assumed as the only state variable. There followed some enhanced models based on the basic constitutive equation by including void ratio as an additional state variable. In this paper, we first show that the widely used hypoplastic model by Wolffersdorff is seriously flawed because the underlying basic equation does not perform properly. We proceed to develop a basic hypoplastic constitutive equation by introducing a new tensorial term, which preserves the critical state at large strain. The model performance is demonstrated by parameter study for some element tests. This simple and robust basic equation is well suited to build more sophisticated models. 相似文献
9.
针对不同环境条件及工程因素对地表变形影响的不同特点,研究了不同应力状态下土的变形特性,得出其影响地表变形的基本规律。通过典型三轴试验对比分析了变形规律,由试验数据空间反演了各应力路径下的本构模型空间,编制相应的模块嵌入有限元程序,模拟了几种不同路径下地表沉降算例,得到了导致地表变形的几个基本规律：①不同的地表变形问题对应的应力路径千差万别,需要用不同的应力路径条件下的本构模型进行分析;②应力路径的影响是不可忽略的,甚至在诸多因素中起主导作用;③数值建模方法建立起来的模型通过权值系列的不同反映应力路径的影响,能较好应用于此类问题的分析;④CTC与TC路径极限体变相差近20 %;⑤CTC路径的剪缩区范围比CTE路径大,两种路径下剪缩体应变值最大相差近17.3 %;CTE路径较CTC路径的剪胀更为明显,剪胀体应变最大相对差值近98 %。 相似文献
10.
In this study, upper bound finite element (FE) limit analysis is applied to stability problems of slopes using a nonlinear criterion. After formulating the upper bound analysis as the dual form of a second-order cone programming (SOCP) problem, the stress field and corresponding shear strength parameters can be determined iteratively. Thus, the nonlinear failure criterion is represented by the shear strength parameters associated with stress so that the analysis of slope stability using a nonlinear failure criterion can be transformed into the traditional upper bound method with a linear Mohr–Coulomb failure criterion. Comparison with published solutions illustrates the accuracy and feasibility of the proposed method for a simple homogeneous slope stability problem. The proposed approach is also applied to a seismic stability problem for a rockfill dam to study the influence of different failure criterions on the upper bound solutions. The results show that the seismic stability coefficients obtained using two different nonlinear failure criteria are similar but that the convergence differs significantly. 相似文献
11.
颗粒材料的亚塑性模型以Jaumann应力率张量及变形率张量描述本构关系,基于Cauchy应力的Jaumann速率及变形率给出了有限元的切线刚度矩阵,由此指出在严格意义上基于ABAQUS二次开发的亚塑性模型数值实现必需借助UEL接口。为了简化程序开发,文中建议了与有限元相结合的两种近似切线模量矩阵,即基于矩阵广义逆一致性切向模量矩阵与近似切向模量矩阵,从而形成了通过UMAT接口实现亚塑性模型的数值方案。由此降低了程序开发的难度,同时也可借助ABAQUS的后处理功能,提高了工作效率。数值算例表明了所开发程序的正确性以及所建议方案的可行性。 相似文献
12.
The clayfills are being produced in open-pit mining. The stress state in the stiff lumps of the clayfills is significantly lower than in situ level. As a result, their current states lie on the dry side of the critical state. The linear Hvorslev surface is widely used due to its simplicity and capability to model the limit stress condition of soils on the dry side. However, it may overestimate the strength at very low stress level. For this purpose, a series of drained triaxial tests were performed on a silty clay at very small stress levels. The failure points of the tested soil confirm a nonlinear relationship in \(p^{\prime }\)–q plane on the dry side of the critical state. The degree of nonlinearity increases after being normalized by the Hvorslev equivalent pressure, which can be well modeled by a nonlinear power law criterion proposed by Atkinson (Géotechnique 57(2):127–135, 2007). Based on the test data and the critical state concept, a new failure line is proposed with help of the equivalent Hvorslev pressure. The nonlinear Hvorslev surface is then incorporated into an elastoplastic model and a hypoplastic model. Comparisons between the experimental data and simulations reveal that the proposed models can well represent the behavior observed in the laboratory. 相似文献
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Geotechnical experiments show that Lode angle‐dependent constitutive formulations are appropriate to describe the failure of geomaterials. In the present study, we have adopted one such class of failure criteria along with a versatile constitutive relationship to theoretically analyze the effects of Lode angle on localized shear deformation or shear band formation in loose sand for both drained and undrained conditions. We determine the variation in the possible stress states for shear localization due to the introduction of Lode angle by considering the localized deformation as a bifurcation problem. Further, similar bifurcation analysis is performed for the stress states along a specific loading path, namely, plane strain compression at the constitutive level. In addition, the plane strain compression tests have been simulated as a boundary value finite element problem to see how Lode angle affects the post‐localization response. Results show that the inclusion of a Lode angle parameter within the failure criterion has considerable effects on the onset, plastic strain, and propagation of shear localization in loose sand specimens. For drained condition, we notice early inception of shear localization and multiple band formation when the Lode angle‐dependent failure criterion is used. Undrained localization characteristics, however, found to be independent of Lode angle consideration. 相似文献
15.
ISA model: A constitutive model for soils with yield surface in the intergranular strain space 
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下载免费PDF全文 In this article, a new constitutive model for soils is proposed. It is formulated by means of plasticity, but in contrast to the precedent works, it presents a yield function describing a surface within the intergranular strain space. This latter is a state variable providing information of the recent strain history. An expression for the plastic strain rate has been proposed to guarantee the stress rate continuity. Under the application of medium or large strain amplitudes, the constitutive equation becomes independent of the intergranular strain and delivers a mathematical structure similar to some Karlsruhe hypoplastic models. Some simulations of monotonic and cyclic triaxial test are provided to evaluate and analyze the model performance. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
16.
无黏性土的应力-应变关系可以用Gudehus-Bauer亚塑性本构模型来模拟,该模型强调应力增量的大小和方向不仅与当前应力状态有关,而且还取决于当前应变增量的大小和方向。为分析其与传统弹塑性理论的不同之处,对Gudehus-Bauer理论的线性项和非线性项进行了研究,并对不同初始孔隙比下Gudehus-Bauer亚塑性模型的应力-应变关系进行了探讨。结果表明Gudehus-Bauer亚塑性模型不用把应变分为弹性和塑性部分就能考虑不可逆变形,并能体现密砂的剪胀特性和应变软化特性以及松砂的剪缩特性和应变硬化特性。 相似文献
17.
The theory of hypoplasticity was developed initially for non-cohesive soils. However, sand and clay have many common properties;
therefore arose the idea to extend the hypoplastic model to clay. The proposed model is able to describe the behaviour of
cohesive soils with the incorporation of an appropriate structure tensor into the constitutive equation. This tensor is a
stress-like internal parameter, also called back stress. This enables us to describe the behaviour of cohesive soils with
the same material parameters for several states of consolidation and also to model barotropy and pycnotropy of sand. Numerical
simulations of element tests are performed in order to check the performance of this hypoplastic model. Experimental data
obtained with normally and overconsolidated clay and sand specimens with various densities are taken for comparison, and it
is shown that the model is capable of describing the material behaviour of clay and sand. The determination of the material
constants, the calibration method, is also presented in this paper. 相似文献
18.
The effective stress principle, conventionally applied in saturated soils, is reviewed for constitutive modelling purposes. The assumptions for the applicability of Terzaghi's single effective stress are recalled and its advantages are inventoried. The possible stress frameworks applicable to unsaturated soil modelling are reassessed in a comparative manner, specifically the Bishop's single effective stress, the independent stress variables approach and the generalized stress framework. The latter considerations lead to the definition of a unified stress context, suitable for modelling soils under different saturation states. In order to qualify the implications brought by the proposed stress framework, several experimental data sets are re‐examined in the light of the generalized effective stress. The critical state lines (CSLs) at different saturation states tend to converge remarkably towards a unique saturated line in the deviatoric stress versus mean effective stress plane. The effective stress interpretation is also applied to isotropic paths and compared with conventional net stress conception. The accent is finally laid on a second key feature for constitutive frameworks based on a unified stress, namely the sufficiency of a unique mechanical yield surface besides the unique CSL. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
19.
In this paper, a study is made of the generalization of constitutive models for geomaterials from two‐dimensional stress and strain states to three‐dimensional stress and strain states. Existing methods of model generalization are reviewed and their deficiencies are highlighted. A new method is proposed based on geometries of the model imprints on two normal planes. Using the proposed method, various three‐dimensional failure criterions suitable for geomaterials are implemented directly into a two‐dimensional model and the generalized model is identical to its original form for the axially symmetric condition. To demonstrate the application of the proposed method, the Modified Cam Clay model is extended using the Matsuoka–Nakai failure criterion. Simulations of soil behaviour for loading in the principal stress space are presented and analysed. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
20.
Mapping the state of fracture around cavities 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
The state of stress around cavities is heterogeneous. Consequently, the state of fracture may also vary from point to point. Under compressive loading, cavity may be in one of four possible states: pre-fracture (pre-microfracture initiation), microfracture propagation (initiation to the onset of dilata dilatancy to failure) and post-failure. These four states are separated by the crack initiation stress, the crack damage stress and the failure stress. fracture events with confining pressure is examined with reference to three intact rocks: a brittle granite, a semi-brittle limestone and a ductile sal
The maximum principal stress (σ1) at crack initiation, crack damage (onset of dilatancy), yielding and failure are established as a function stress (σ3). For a single intact rock, all four fracture events can be represented using one function (the Rocker function) with a single fac various fracture states.
The proposed fracture criteria, based on the experimental data, are combined with the existing state of stress to prepare a fracture map around an elli intact Lac du Bonnet granite. The state of stability is expressed through a newly defined stability factor, the unconfined strength ratio (USR), wh to the traditional safety factor. In contrast to the conventional safety factor in rock mechanics (SFstrength/σ1), which is σ3