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1.
鲁西蒙阴地区是我国金刚石原生矿重要产地之一,其含金刚石金伯利岩命名为常马庄单元。本文对该区金伯利岩地质特征进行了梳理,按岩石命名原则对该地区含金刚石金伯利岩不同岩石类型进行了重新划分和命名,共划分了细斑微粒金伯利玢岩类、粗斑细微粒金伯利玢岩类和含碎屑细斑或中细斑微粒金伯利玢岩类3个岩石类型和13个亚类型,同时首次从早至晚划分了细斑微粒金伯利玢岩类→含围岩角砾中细斑微粒金伯利玢岩类→粗斑细微粒金伯利玢岩类的侵入序列。通过对前人研究资料的综合分析并结合野外实地考察认为:以前套用南非金伯利岩型金刚石原生矿中心式火山喷发型成矿模式作为蒙阴地区含金刚石金伯利岩的成矿模式不符合该区实际地质特征。提出了该区金刚石金伯利岩新的成矿模式为中心式—裂隙式复合潜火山隐爆岩浆序次侵入充填型岩浆侵入角砾岩筒及其伴生的岩脉、岩床模型。 相似文献
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迄今为止,对金刚石矿床的研究已取得了新的进展,国内外学音认为:“金伯利岩不是金刚石矿床的唯一母岩”,并且在碱性杂岩体中发现了许多具有工业价值的金刚石矿床。 通过对比辽宁凤城碱性杂岩与有关含金刚石矿床母岩(主要是钾镁煌斑岩)及其共生岩类的构造背景、岩石类型组合、矿物成分组合及岩石的主元素、微量元素和稀土元素特征,发现本区碱性杂岩体岩石与西澳钾镁煌斑岩很相似,尤其是与西澳白榴石钾镁煌斑岩最为接近,而在岩石类型和矿物组合特点上,又与美国阿肯色碱性岩区金刚石矿床母岩及其共生岩类组合颇为相似,这为我们进一步找寻金刚石矿床提供某些有益的信息。 相似文献
3.
山东金伯利岩同位素地球化学特征的初步研究 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
本文对山东省蒙阴地区金伯利岩及金刚石,分别就sm-Nd、Rb-sr、C、O等同位素特征进行了初步研究。提出山东金伯利岩与世界其它地区一些金伯利岩中产出的金刚石,其δ~(13)C值完全一致,并认为金刚石的碳来源于上地幔,金刚石的的生长是不连续的。通过对金伯利岩Sm、Nd、Rb、Sr等的研究认为,山东金伯利岩来源于富集型上地幔,且有向亏损型上地幔转换的趋势;山东金伯利岩的岩石类型复杂多样,除金伯利岩自身原因外,另一原因是金伯利岩在上侵过程中与壳层岩石发生了同位素的强烈交代混染作用。 相似文献
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金刚石及其寄主岩石是人类认识地球深部物质组成和性质、壳幔和核幔物质循环重要研究对象。本文总结了中国不同金刚石类型的分布,着重对比了博茨瓦纳和中国含金刚石金伯利岩的地质特征,取得如下认识:(1)博茨瓦纳含矿原生岩石仅为金伯利岩,而中国含矿岩石成分复杂,金伯利岩主要出露在华北克拉通,展布于郯庐、华北中央和华北北缘金伯利岩带,具有工业价值的蒙阴和瓦房店矿床分布于郯庐金伯利岩带中;钾镁煌斑岩主要出露在华南克拉通,重点分布在江南和华南北缘钾镁煌斑岩带中;(2)钙钛矿原位U-Pb年龄和Sr、Nd同位素显示,86～97 Ma奥拉帕金伯利岩群和456～470 Ma蒙阴和瓦房店金伯利岩均具有低87Sr/86Sr(0.703～0.705)和中等εNd(t)(-0.09～+5)特征,指示金伯利岩浆源自弱亏损地幔或初始地幔源区;(3)博茨瓦纳金伯利岩体绝大多数以岩筒产出,而中国以脉状为主岩筒次之;博茨瓦纳岩筒绝大部分为火山口相,中国均为根部相,岩筒地表面积普遍小于前者;(4)奥拉帕A/K1和朱瓦能金伯利岩体是世界上为数不多的主要产出榴辉岩捕虏体和E型金刚石的岩筒之一,而同位于奥拉帕岩群的莱特拉卡内、丹姆沙和卡罗韦岩体与我国郯庐带的金伯利岩体类似,均主要产出地幔橄榄岩捕虏体以及P型和E型金刚石;(5)寻找含矿金伯利岩重点注意以下几点:克拉通内部和周缘深大断裂带是重要的控岩构造;镁铝榴石、镁钛铁矿、铬透辉石、铬尖晶石和铬金红石等是寻找含金刚石金伯利岩重要的指示矿物;航磁等地球物理测量需与土壤取样找矿方法相结合才能取得更好效果;(6)郯庐金伯利岩带、江南钾镁煌斑岩带和塔里木地块是中国重要含矿岩石的找矿靶区,冲积型金刚石成矿潜力巨大。 相似文献
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中南部非洲是世界上金刚石资源最为丰富的地区之一,其金刚石矿床主要产于津巴布韦克拉通和卡普瓦尔克拉通内,主要分为两种类型:①原生金刚石矿床;②次生金刚石矿床,且以原生金刚石矿床的研究程度较高,代表了中南部非洲的研究现状。本文通过总结前人研究资料发现,该地区的金伯利岩分为Ⅰ型和Ⅱ型,其内包体可以分为两种:橄榄岩型和榴辉岩型;金刚石可以分为三类:橄榄岩型、榴辉岩型及两者的过渡类型——二辉岩型。其中,橄榄岩型和部分榴辉岩型金刚石来自于地幔结晶堆晶体,而另一部分榴辉岩型则与板块俯冲的构造—热事件有关。金伯利岩的年龄主要分布于白垩纪、二叠纪、寒武纪及元古宙,而金刚石的年龄主要为元古宙和太古宙,金伯利岩和金刚石为不同时期的产物,金刚石为金伯利岩侵位期间捕获的上地幔物理破碎产物。其中900～1000Ma左右的金刚石为板块构造—热事件的产物,并对早期金刚石进行了改造破坏。次生金刚石矿床为原生矿床风化后的产物,可分为四种类型,构造特征、基岩地质及地貌演化等对该类矿床的分布具有重要的影响作用。 相似文献
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辽南金伯利岩岩区是我国最大的原生金刚石矿产区,该区金刚石主要寄主岩石类型为斑状金伯利岩。橄榄石是金伯利岩中最重要的造岩矿物,根据其结构特征可以分为橄榄石粗晶、橄榄石斑晶以及基质中微细粒三个世代。本文将岩相学特征和前人研究成果相结合,构建辽南斑状金伯利岩岩浆起源、上升、喷发和成岩模型,探讨各世代矿物的形成过程。具体包括：深部交代地幔部分熔融,形成初始碳酸盐岩浆;初始岩浆上升过程中捕获的岩石圈地幔橄榄岩不断溶解(形成橄榄石粗晶),岩浆成分发生改变,成为金伯利岩岩浆;金伯利岩岩浆迅速上升侵位,至地表处爆破喷发,最后冷却固结形成包含粗晶及其他两个世代橄榄石的斑状金伯利岩。 相似文献
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本文综合了近年来国外几种含金刚石岩系及相关岩石的地球化学研究成果,总结了不同类型金伯利岩、金伯利岩与钾镁煌斑岩、含矿的与非含矿的含金刚石岩系的地球化学标志,并探讨了其源区的特征。 相似文献
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金刚石俗称钻石,以其高硬度和稀缺性成为世界上最珍贵的矿物之一.金刚石矿床按成因可分为原生矿床与次生矿床两大类,原生矿床又可分为金伯利岩和钾镁煌斑岩型,蛇绿岩地幔橄榄岩和铬铁矿、碱性辉长辉绿岩、超高压变质岩、火山岩、陨石及其冲积相关的岩石中均有金刚石产出,但未形成矿床(路凤香等,1998;Cartigny,2005;Gurney et al.,2010).次生矿床主要为砂矿床.其中原生金伯利岩型金刚石是世界上金刚石矿产的主要来源(Mitchell,1991;Gurney et al.,2005).辽宁省瓦房店地区以盛产金伯利岩型原生金刚石闻名世界,尤以50号金伯利岩管金刚石品质最好,宝石级约占70％,质量属于世界一流(任厚民,1992;宋瑞祥,2013). 相似文献
11.
中国金伯利岩地球化学 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
本文利用了100多个金伯利岩的主要元素及微量元素分析结果,用Si/Mg、C.l——(SiO_2+Al_2O_3+Na_2O)/(MgO+2K_2O)、Mg/(Mg+Fe)比值及SiO_2、Al_2O_3及Na_2O含量研究了金伯利岩的混染程度。结果表明,绝大部分金伯利岩受到了混染作用的影响,它们的成分实际上不能代表形成这些岩石的岩浆的成分。金伯利岩的Al_2O_3和Na_2O的含量比其他碱性超基性及基性岩石的Al_2O_3和Na_2O含量低得多。含金刚石的金伯利岩比不含金刚石的金伯利岩的MgO、(Cr_2O_3+NiO)高,而TiO_2+Al_2O_3+Na_2O+K_2O+P_2O_5低。 我国金伯利岩中Cr-Al,Ni-Co,Ni-Cr,Ni-V,Sc-Ti,Zn-Ti,Ba-Sr,Zr-Hf,Nb-Ta,U-Th,K-Rb呈正相关关系。 相似文献
12.
董振信 《中国地球化学学报》1998,17(1):29-43
Based on the measurements of refractive index,specific gravity,unit cell parameter,and mineral chemistry and infrared absorption spectrum analyses of pyropes in kimberlites from China,systematic studies of the Physical properties and compositional variations of pyropes of different colors and diverse paragenetic types,within and between kimberlite provinces have been undertaken,The origin of pyropes in the Kimberlites and the depth of their formation have been discussed.Pyropes of the purple series are different from those of the orange series in physical and chemical properties,for exaple,pyropes of the puple series are higher in α0,RI,SG,Cr2O3,MgO,Cr/(Cr Al),Mg/(Mg Fe),and Mg/(Mg Ca),and lower in Al2O3,Fe2O3 FeO than those of the orange series.The classification of garnets in kimberlites from china by the Dawson and Stephens‘ method(1975) has been undertaken and clearly demonstrates that pyropes of diamond-rich kimberlites contain much more groups than those of diamond-poor,especially diamond-free kimberlites.The higher in α0,RI,SG,Cr2O(3.Cr/(Cr Al),knorringite and Cr-component the pyropes are ,the richer in diamond the kimberlites will be.The infrared absorption spectrum patterns of pyropes change with their chemical composition regularly,as reflected in the shape and position of infrared absorption peaks.Two absortpion bands at 862-901 cm^-1 will grade into degeneration from splitting and the absorption band positions of pyropes shift toward lower frequency with increasing Cr2O3 content and Cr/(Cr Al) ratio of pyropes,LREE contents of orange pyrope megacrysts are similar to those of porple pyrope macrocrysts,but the former is higher in HREE than the latter,showing their different chondrite-normalized patterns.The formation pressures of pyropes calculated by Cr-component,Ca-component,knorringite molecules of pyropes show that some pyropes of the purple series in diamondiferous kimberlites fall into the diamond stability field.but all pyropes of diamond-free kimberlites lie outside the diamond stability field.The megacrysts were formed through early crystallization of kimberlites magma at high pressure condition,the majority of the purple pyrope macrocrysts have been derived from disaggregated xenoliths but the minoirty of them appear to be fragments of the discrete megacryst pyropes,or phenocrysts. 相似文献
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N.V. Sobolev A.V. Sobolev A.A. Tomilenko D.V. Kuz’min S.A. Grakhanov V.G. Batanova A.M. Logvinova T.A. Bul’bak S.I. Kostrovitskii D.A. Yakovlev E.N. Fedorova G.F. Anastasenko E.I. Nikolenko A.V. Tolstov V.N. Reutskii 《Russian Geology and Geophysics》2018,59(10):1365-1379
The objects of study are Triassic hypabyssal diamondiferous kimberlites with an age of 220-245 Ma, containing macrocrysts of unaltered olivine. The latter are close in the time of formation to the main stage of intrusion of the Siberian Trap Province (252 Ma), which lasted less than 1 Myr. A comparative high-precision analytical study of the Ti, Ca, Cr, and Al impurity patterns in about 1000 olivine macrocryst samples with a forsterite content Fo = (100Mg/(Mg + Fe)) of 78 to 93 has demonstrated the effect of traps on the lithospheric composition. A comprehensive comparative study of diamonds from northern placers and Triassic kimberlites, including determination of their carbon isotope composition, was performed. Chromatography-mass-spectroscopic analysis of submicron fluid inclusions in diamonds from northern placers and kimberlites has shown predominant hydrocarbons of a wide range of compositions and subordinate contents of N2, H2O, and CO2. These findings, together with the results of previous studies of subcalcic Cr-pyropes and diamonds found in the Lower Carboniferous gritstones of the Kyutyungde graben, lead to the conclusion that the Toluopka kimberlite field is promising for Paleozoic kimberlites. The results of comprehensive studies of diamonds and indicator minerals and U/Pb isotope dating of numerous detrital zircon samples from the basal horizon of the Carnian Stage (Upper Triassic) of the Bulkur site in the lower reaches of the Lena River suggest the presence of diamondiferous kimberlites within the northeastern Siberian Platform. The age of the probable primary diamond sources in the study area can be evaluated by an integrated U/Pb isotope dating of zircons, perovskites, and rutiles from the developed diamond placers and the basal horizon of the Carnian Stage. 相似文献
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朱连兴 《吉林大学学报(地球科学版)》1991,(1)
中国的原生金刚石矿床首先发现于山东省和辽宁省,它是规模不大而稀少的矿床类型。中国原生金刚石矿床只产于地台区,沿着郯庐断裂分布,主要矿田呈北北东—南南西向有规律的排列。金伯利岩是一种复式的混杂岩,它侵入的地区伴随有地幔的隆起或穹隆构造。侵入作用是多次的,来自深部喷发作用的金伯利岩是极少。金刚石是从岩浆中结晶沉淀的。“兰地”,“黄地”等风化产物,地球化学、磁异常、重矿物源等有助于指导找矿。 相似文献
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作者研究发现山东胜利1号、辽宁50号、51号及42号岩体中,见有纯橄岩、石榴二辉橄榄岩、尖晶二辉橄榄岩及云母橄榄岩包体;河北涉县及山东红旗2号金伯利岩中见有榴辉岩包体。包体形态为浑圆状、椭圆状,其大小为1-15cm。纯橄岩和石榴二辉橄榄岩比其寄主金伯利岩富含Cr_2O_3、NiO_3、贫CaO、CO_2、K_2O、Na_2O、TiO_2和Al_2O_3,其稀土配分模式为LREE富集型。根据深源岩石包体的温度、压力条件的估算,认为纯橄岩和石榴二辉橄榄岩来自上地幔深处,为上地幔局部熔融的残余物,而河北涉县金伯利岩中榴辉岩包体来自下地壳,云母橄榄岩类为软流圈顶部的地幔交代作用带上的岩石,尖晶二辉橄榄岩是来自上地幔较浅部位,它们为金伯利岩浆的偶然捕虏体。 相似文献
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We discuss the chemistry of exceptionally rare phlogopite inclusions coexisting with ultramafic (peridotitic) and eclogitic minerals in kimberlite-hosted diamonds of Yakutia, Arkhangelsk, and Venezuela provinces. Phlogopite inclusions in diamonds are octahedral negative crystals following the diamond faceting in all 34 samples (including polymineralic inclusions). On this basis phlogopite inclusions have been interpreted as syngenetic and in equilibrium with the associated minerals. In ultramafic diamonds phlogopites coexist with subcalcic high-Cr2O3 pyrope and/or chromite, olivine and enstatite (dunite/harzburgite (H) paragenesis) or with clinopyroxene, enstatite, and/or olivine and pyrope (lherzolite (L) paragenesis). Ultramafic phlogopites have high Mg# [100?Mg/(Mg+Fe)] from 92.4 to 95.2 and Cr2O3 higher than TiO2 in H-phlogopites (1.5–2.5 wt.% versus 0.1–0.4 wt.%, respectively) but lower in L-phlogopites (0.15–0.5 wt.% versus 1.3–3.5 wt.%, respectively). Eclogitic (E) phlogopites show Mg# from 47.4 to 85.3 inclusive, and very broad ranges of TiO2 up to 12 wt.%. The primary syngenetic origin of phlogopite is indicated, besides other factors, by its compositional consistency with the associated minerals. The analyzed phlogopites are depleted in BaO (0.10–0.79 wt.%), and their F and Cl contents are highly variable reaching 1.29 and 0.49 wt.%, respectively. The latter is in line with high Cl enrichment in some unaltered kimberlites and in nanometric fluid inclusions from diamonds. The presence of syngenetic phlogopite in kimberlite-hosted diamonds provides important evidence that volatiles participated in diamond formation and that at least a part of diamonds may have been related to early stages of kimberlites formation. 相似文献
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Subbarayudu V. Gogineni Charles E. Melton A. A. Giardini 《Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology》1978,66(3):251-261
Based on modal and chemical composition, the rocks of the Prairie Creek diatreme situated 4 km SSE of Murfreesboro, Pike County, Arkansas, are classified as micaceous kimberlite. The K-Ar isotopic analysis of phlogopite from this diatreme yielded an age of 106 ± 3 m.y. (Albian) which is in agreement with stratigraphic relations. Electron beam probe data on minerals from kimberlite breccia, one of the three textural types, are presented. The breccia is considered as the potential source of the diamonds that have been mined at the diatreme. It contains phenocrysts of olivine (Fo90–92) and serpentine pseudomorphs after olivine embedded in a groundmass of serpentine, minor calcite, chrome-diopside, phlogopite (Mg/Mg+Fe = 84.15%), perovskite, spinels, and pentlandite. Xenoliths of shales, sandstones, and mantle-derived ultramafic material are also present. Spinels are rich in Cr, Ti, and Fe and generally low in Al. Zoned spinels show enrichments in Ti and Fe towards their rims. A positive correlation between 100(Fe3++Ti)/(Cr+Al+Fe3++Ti) and 100 Mg/(Mg+Fe2+) ratios exists in these spinels and probably reflects an oxygen fugacity increase during magma crystallization. Occluded gases in diamonds and kimberlites corroborate the hypothesis that the parent magma of the Prairie Creek kimberlite was derived by partial melting of upper-mantle garnet lherzolite under volatile-rich conditions, primarily enriched in H2O and CO2. 相似文献
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为了揭示不同区域水资源利用变化之间的空间关系,借鉴经济学中的区域优势理论,对中国水资源2001-2006年间水资源利用的区域优势及其演化机制进行了分析.研究结果表明:①山东、河南、四川、海南和河北五省农业用水优势处于前5位,并呈增加趋势,使得这些省份的农业用水优势得到加强;非农业用水优势明显增加的为北京、山东、山西、内蒙古、浙江,其增幅均在0.2以上,而非农业用水优势下降趋势最为明显的是天津和辽宁,其下降幅度均在0.4以上.②中国水资源利用的区域优势在其演化过程中主要存在经济、社会、自然等3种驱动因素,它们在全国范围内主导着水资源利用区域优势的演化,同时也主导水资源利用结构的演进. 相似文献