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根据贵州省84个气象观测站的资料,分析2018-2019年夏收粮油作物生长季内的气温、降水、日照3个气象要素的变化特点,结合作物生物学特性对气象的要求,并与历史同期气候条件进行对比,评估2018-2019年夏收粮油作物生长季内气候条件对农业生产的影响。结论为:小麦主产区大部光温水条件匹配较好。油菜生长季前期光热条件较差,生育期明显推迟,长势差于2018年,但后期天气转好,利于推进油菜生育进程和产量形成。春播马铃薯气候条件明显好于冬播马铃薯,利于全年马铃薯产量的稳产,冬播马铃薯主产区受阴雨寡照天气影响明显。夏收粮油作物全生育期内无大范围重大农业气象灾害,农业气象条件总体有利于夏收粮油作物生长发育和产量形成,属于较好农业气候年景。 相似文献
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Zhengfang Wu Haibo Du Dongsheng Zhao Ming Li Xiangjun Meng Shengwei Zong 《Theoretical and Applied Climatology》2012,108(3-4):495-503
Daily global solar radiation is an important input required in most crop models. In the present study, a sunshine-based model, the ?ngstr?m–Prescott model, is employed to estimate daily global solar radiation on a horizontal surface during the growing season in Northeast China. Data from six control groups are used. The controls include the entire sequence, precipitation days, and non-precipitation days both during the growing season and year-round. Estimations are validated by comparing the calculated values with the corresponding measured values. The results indicate that estimating daily global solar radiation during the growing season using data only from the growing season is better than using year-round data. Classifying days with respect to precipitation and non-precipitation is also unnecessary. The performance on estimating daily global solar radiation during the growing season using the entire data in growing season performs best. A sunshine-based equation is obtained using our method to estimate growing season daily radiation for all meteorological stations in Northeast China. The approved approach is expected to be beneficial to crop models and other agricultural purposes. 相似文献
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分析杨树烂皮病发生发展与气象条件的相关关系,可为杨树烂皮病预报、防治提供科学依据。基于2002-2008年黑龙江省14个代表站点杨树烂皮病资料和气象资料,利用相关分析法,研究黑龙江省杨树烂皮病发生发展与气象条件的关系。结果表明：黑龙江省杨树烂皮病发病率与上年10月至当年4月平均气温、5-9月温湿系数、降水量、降水日数、上年10月和当年3月空气相对湿度、极端最高气温、气温日较差、气温日较差大的天气条件持续时间及平均风速呈正比,与上年10月至当年4月温湿系数、5-9月平均气温、上年12月至当年1月空气相对湿度、极端最低气温及日照时数呈反比。湿润、温凉和冬季冷热骤变的气候环境可加剧杨树烂皮病的发生发展,日照充足和夏季高温对杨树烂皮病有抑制作用。 相似文献
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1961—2014年广东小时强降水的变化特征 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
利用1961—2014年广东32个气象观测站逐小时降水资料,采用线性趋势分析、Mann Kendall检验、功率谱分析、计算趋势系数等统计诊断方法,分析了广东小时强降水在年以及前、后汛期的气候特征及变化。结果表明,广东年、前、后汛期多年平均小时强降水的次数、强度、降水量和贡献率的空间分布均呈沿海向内陆递减。近54年来,广东平均小时强降水的次数、强度、降水量和贡献率在年以及前、后汛期的时间尺度上均为显著上升的趋势,与同期广东年暴雨次数和年降水变化不明显有明显差异。广东大部分测站小时强降水量均呈增加的趋势,其中珠三角增加最为显著。近54年来广东年和前汛期小时强降水次数存在3.7年和22年、后汛期存在3年左右的显著周期震荡。广东年和后汛期小时强降水次数在1993—1994年发生增加的突变,前汛期小时强降水次数没有突变发生。 相似文献
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京津冀鲁豫地区小麦优化灌溉的农业气候依据 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
根据巩县和泰安4年小麦水分试验资料,分析确定了冬小麦最佳耗水量。从充分利用自然降水和土壤贮水角度出发,分析了影响麦田水分状况的各种因子,得出全生育期水分供需差。进而根据小麦阶段耗水的差异和麦田水分动态分析,确定了小麦适宜灌溉期。在上述基础上得出该区小麦优化灌溉方案,通过大面积推广应用,证明该方案可行,具有重大经济效益。 相似文献
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利用1949—2018年玉米产量数据、NCEP再分析资料、帕尔默干旱指数、标准化降水蒸散指数、土壤含水量和SST等, 分析了太平洋海温三极子对中国东北地区春玉米气候产量的影响。结果表明: 东北地区春玉米气候产量与收获当年1—5月的太平洋海温三极子存在显著相关, 太平洋海温三极子能够通过太平洋上空的遥相关型影响东北地区春玉米播种出苗期和全发育期的区域环流场, 进而影响区域降水、土壤含水量、帕尔默干旱指数和标准化降水蒸散指数等与东北地区春玉米气候产量密切相关的因子。当太平洋海温三极子增强时, 太平洋上空会形成类似Rossby波列结构的遥相关型, 在东北地区高空产生负涡度异常, 有利于上升气流的形成和降水的增加。太平洋海温三极子也有利于在低层形成从西北太平洋向东北地区的东南风异常, 通过水汽传输进一步增强东北区域降水。 相似文献
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An integrated program of ecosystem modeling and field studies in the mountains of the Pacific Northwest (U.S.A.) has quantified many of the ecological processes affected by climatic variability. Paleoecological and contemporary ecological data in forest ecosystems provided model parameterization and validation at broad spatial and temporal scales for tree growth, tree regeneration and treeline movement. For subalpine tree species, winter precipitation has a strong negative correlation with growth; this relationship is stronger at higher elevations and west-side sites (which have more precipitation). Temperature affects tree growth at some locations with respect to length of growing season (spring) and severity of drought at drier sites (summer). Furthermore, variable but predictable climate-growth relationships across elevation gradients suggest that tree species respond differently to climate at different locations, making a uniform response of these species to future climatic change unlikely. Multi-decadal variability in climate also affects ecosystem processes. Mountain hemlock growth at high-elevation sites is negatively correlated with winter snow depth and positively correlated with the winter Pacific Decadal Oscillation (PDO) index. At low elevations, the reverse is true. Glacier mass balance and fire severity are also linked to PDO. Rapid establishment of trees in subalpine ecosystems during this century is increasing forest cover and reducing meadow cover at many subalpine locations in the western U.S.A. and precipitation (snow depth) is a critical variable regulating conifer expansion. Lastly, modeling potential future ecosystem conditions suggests that increased climatic variability will result in increasing forest fire size and frequency, and reduced net primary productivity in drier, east-side forest ecosystems. As additional empirical data and modeling output become available, we will improve our ability to predict the effects of climatic change across a broad range of climates and mountain ecosystems in the northwestern U.S.A. 相似文献
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Changes of Accumulated Temperature, Growing Season and Precipitation in the North China Plain from 1961 to 2009 
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下载免费PDF全文 Using the high-quality observed meteorological data, changes of the thermal conditions and precipitation over the North China Plain from 1961 to 2009 were examined. Trends of accumulated temperature and negative temperature, growing season duration, as well as seasonal and annual rainfalls at 48 stations were analyzed. The results show that the accumulated temperature increased significantly by 348.5℃ day due to global warming during 1961-2009 while the absolute accumulated negative temperature decreased apparently by 175.3℃ day. The start of growing season displayed a significant negative trend of -14.3 days during 1961- 2009, but the end of growing season delayed insignificantly by 6.7 days. As a result, the length of growing season increased by 21.0 days. The annual and autumn rainfalls decreased slightly while summer rainfall and summer rainy days decreased significantly. In contrast, spring rainfall increased slightly without significant trends. All the results indicate that the thermal conditions were improved to benefit the crop growth over the North China Plain during 1961-2009, and the decreasing annual and summer rainfalls had no direct negative impact on the crop growth. But the decreasing summer rainfall was likely to influence the water resources in North China, especially the underground water, reservoir water, as well as river runoff, which would have influenced the irrigation of agriculture. 相似文献
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美国小麦产量业务预报方法研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
利用综合诊断指标,研究了预测年美国小麦生长季逐日平均气温和降水量与历史上任意一年对应气象要素的关系。根据小麦产量历史丰歉气象影响指数,建立了基于地面气象要素的美国小麦产量预报模型;研究分析了西太平洋月平均海温、北半球500hPa平均高度场环流资料与美国小麦产量的关系,利用主要影响因子,分别建立了基于海温、环流资料的美国小麦产量预报模型。根据各预报模型的稳定性,利用加权方法建立了美国小麦产量业务预报集合模型。1995～2004年预报检验和2005～2006年预报试验结果表明：集合模型的预报准确率基本都在92％以上,能够满足业务服务的需要。 相似文献
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Combining the standardized precipitation index and climatic water deficit in characterizing droughts: a case study in Romania 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
Cr. Paltineanu I. F. Mihailescu Zoia Prefac Carmen Dragota Felicia Vasenciuc Nicola Claudia 《Theoretical and Applied Climatology》2009,97(3-4):219-233
This paper characterizes droughts in Romania using the approach of both the standardized precipitation index (SPI) and climatic water deficit (WD). The values of the main climatic factors (rainfall, temperature, reference evapotranspiration, etc.) were obtained from 192 weather stations in various regions of Romania. Penman–Monteith reference evapotranspiration (ETo-PM) was used to calculate WD as the difference between precipitation (P) and ETo-PM. SPI was calculated from precipitation values. There is a clear difference between drought and aridity. Drought occurrence determines higher WD values for plains and plateaus and lower climatic excess water (EW) values for high mountains in Romania, depending on the aridity of the specific region considered and drought severity. WD calculated as mean values for both normal conditions and, for all locations studied, various types of drought was correlated with mean annual precipitation and temperature, respectively. The combined approach of WD and SPI was mainly carried out for periods of 1 year, but such studies could also be done for shorter periods like months, quarters, or growing season. The most arid regions did not necessarily coincide with areas of the most severe drought, as there were no correlations between WD and SPI and no altitude-based SPI zones around the Carpathian Mountains, as is the case for other climate characteristics, soils and vegetation. Water resource problems arise where both SPI values characterize extremely droughty periods and WD values are greatly below ?200 mm/year. This combined use of SPI and WD characterizes the dryness of a region better than one factor alone and should be used for better management of water in agriculture in Romania and also other countries with similar climate characteristics. 相似文献
14.
Using the high-quality observed meteorological data,changes of the thermal conditions and precipitation over the North China Plain from 1961 to 2009 were examined.Trends of accumulated temperature and negative temperature,growing season duration,as well as seasonal and annual rainfalls at 48 stations were analyzed.The results show that the accumulated temperature increased significantly by 348.5℃ day due to global warming during 1961 2009 while the absolute accumulated negative temperature decreased apparently by 175.3℃ day.The start of growing season displayed a significant negative trend of-14.3 days during 1961-2009,but the end of growing season delayed insignificantly by 6.7 days.As a result,the length of growing sea.son increased by 21.0 days.The annual and autumn rainfalls decreased slightly while summer rainfall and summer rainy days decreased significantly.In contrast,spring rainfall increased slightly without significant trends.All the results indicate that the thermal conditions were improved to benefit the crop growth over the North China Plain during 1961-2009,and the decreasing annual and summer rainfalls had no direct negative impact on the crop growth.But the decreasing summer rainfall was likely to influence the water resources in North China,especially the underground water,reservoir water,as well as river runoff,which would have influenced the irrigation of agriculture. 相似文献
15.
利用沈阳地区7个气象站点逐日气象数据以及春玉米生育期数据, 对1980—2020年春玉米播种期、苗期、拔节期、抽雄期、成熟期和全育期的生长度日(GDD)、高温度日(HDD)、降水量及其气候倾斜率的时空变化特征进行了分析。结果表明: 春玉米全育期生长度日呈上升趋势, 各生育期生长度日空间分布差异不太显著, 总体上呈由北向南递增趋势, 高值主要分布在浑南区和苏家屯区, 低值分布在康平县和法库县。春玉米全育期高温度日呈递增趋势, 除康平县在成熟期高温度日呈减少趋势, 其他各地生育期高温度日均呈增加趋势, 空间上由西北向东南不断递增。沈阳地区在近40 a春玉米全生育期均呈降低趋势, 空间上由东南向西北呈递减趋势, 在苗期各地降水均呈增加趋势, 其他时期均以减少趋势为主。沈阳地区春玉米全育期热量资源呈增加趋势, 但降水量呈减少趋势, 此种趋势增大了该地区极端高温和气象干旱风险。 相似文献
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为了研究宁夏枸杞炭疽病发生机理及发生气象条件, 2004年, 在实验室接种并置于人工气候箱内研究了枸杞叶、花、青果、红果侵染的环境气象条件和指标。2004—2005年, 在枸杞大田接种并人工设置不同降水量和降水持续时间, 诱发出不同程度的炭疽病, 研究了其发生与流行的气象条件和基于常规气象资料的农业气象指标。根据宁夏主要产区1971—2000年多年气象资料, 反演了各地历年各级病害的发生程度和发生时间。结果表明:宁夏每年都有适合发生不同程度枸杞炭疽病的气象条件, 主要发生时段出现在7月上旬至9月上旬, 7月下旬至8月底70%的年份出现了适合炭疽病发生的气象条件, 夏果最后3批果的采收期往往容易产生炭疽病。6月老眼果采收期, 此时气象条件不利于病菌发展。8月中、下旬的炭疽病发病率高。秋果产量低而不稳的最主要原因可能不仅是秋季热量不足, 更重要的可能是炭疽病造成的落花、落蕾使秋果形成减少所致。 相似文献
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河南省冬小麦灌溉需水量及年型特征 总被引：3，自引：1，他引：2
本文以麦田水分平衡为基础,系统分析了冬小麦需水量、生育期降水量和底墒水储藏量3个分量的变化及其对冬小麦灌溉需水量的影响.不同气候年型冬小麦生育期降水量和前一年夏季降水量对冬小麦灌溉需水量有很大的影响.分析结果表明,河南省冬小麦灌溉需水量等值线基本上呈纬向分布,自南向北逐渐增大.正常年零值线大体位于卢氏、嵩县、许昌、鄢陵、柘城至永城一线.在此线以北必须进行灌溉,其灌溉量愈向北愈大,从50-100 mm到 100-200 mm;零值线以南,不需要灌溉.丰水年零值线大约向北移动0.5～0.8个纬距,全省灌溉面积和灌溉量明显减小,零值线以北灌溉量约为50-150 mm;歉水年零值线南移,与正常年相比,大约向南移动1.0～1.5个纬距,灌溉面积和灌溉量明显增大,自零值线向北,灌溉量分别为50-100、100-200 和200 mm以上. 相似文献
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利用2000—2020年MOD13Q1和气象观测数据, 结合Sen趋势分析、M-K显著性检验、变异系数、Hurst指数、相关系数等对呼伦贝尔地区归一化植被指数(NDVI)时空变化及气候响应进行分析。结果表明: 呼伦贝尔地区多年生长季平均NDVI为0.63, 平均年变化倾向率为0.028/10 a, 大部分地区呈增加趋势, 其中大兴安岭森林大部及岭西耕地增加显著。呼伦贝尔地区生长季NDVI的平均变异系数为0.08, 其中呼伦贝尔草原西部的波动较大。Hurst指数表明, 呼伦贝尔地区生长季NDVI整体变化呈反持续性趋势, 结合现有NDVI变化趋势, 未来将呈下降趋势, 对生态环境的保护工作较为不利。大兴安岭森林生长季NDVI与气温呈正相关, 耕地与草原区呈负相关, 而呼伦贝尔大部分地区的生长季NDVI与降水普遍呈正相关, 其中呼伦贝尔草原和大兴安岭两麓耕地的生长季NDVI与降水相关显著, 说明气温是制约北部大兴安岭森林生长的主要因素, 而降水是制约呼伦贝尔草原生态平衡和农牧业发展的主要因素。 相似文献
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本文基于内蒙古农牧业气象观测站1994—2015年旱柳、榆树和小叶杨三种木本植物物候观测资料及同期气候数据,采用线性倾向估计、Pearson相关系数等方法,探讨了气候变化对阴山北麓木本植物物候的影响。结果表明：近22 a,阴山北麓旱柳、榆树和小叶杨的花芽开放期和落叶末期均表现为提前趋势,且落叶末期提前幅度较大,平均每10 a分别提前2.9 d、3.6 d、4.6 d。生长季缩短,平均生长季长度为182 d。气温是影响旱柳、榆树、小叶杨春季花芽开放期的关键气象因子,春季气温每升高1℃,花芽开放期提前4.1 d;而落叶末期对降水量较为敏感,水分条件是阴山北麓木本植物落叶末期的主要限制因子。 相似文献
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The climate of Namaqualand in the nineteenth century 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Southern African climatic change research is hampered by a lack of long-term historical data sets. This paper aims to extend
the historical climate record for southern Africa to the semi-arid area of Namaqualand in the Northern Cape province of South
Africa. This is achieved through extensive archival research, making use of historical documentary sources such as missionary
journals and letters, traveller’s writings and government reports and letters. References to precipitation and other climatic
conditions have been extracted and categorised, providing a proxy precipitation data set for Namaqualand for the nineteenth
century. Notwithstanding problems of data accuracy and interpretation the reconstruction enables the detection of severe and
extreme periods. Measured meteorological data, available from the late 1870s, was compared to the data set derived from documentary
sources in order to ascertain the accuracy of the data set and monthly rainfall data has been used to identify seasonal anomalies.
Confidence ratings on derived dry and wet periods, where appropriate, have been assigned to each year. The study extends the
geographical area of existing research and extracts the major periods of drought and climatic stress, from the growing body
of historical climate research. The most widespread drought periods affecting the southern and eastern Cape, Namaqualand and
the Kalahari were 1820–1821; 1825–1827; 1834; 1861–1862; 1874–1875; 1880–1883 and 1894–1896. Finally, a possible correspondence is suggested between some of the widespread droughts and the El Nino Southern Oscillation
(ENSO). 相似文献