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1.
本文探讨了灞河流域岩溶特征、ＣＯ２估算方法和ＣＯ２吸收量。观测资料表明,灞河流 域河水中ｐＨ值在冬春季高,夏秋季低,而ＨＣＯ３含量通常与ｐＨ相反。河水和黄土地下水中 ｐＨ值、ＨＣＯ３等化学成分含量与北方南部石灰岩区岩溶水基本相同,表明该区现代岩溶作用 明显,黄土地层也在不断吸收ＣＯ２,并对全球碳循环有重要影响。雨水富含ＣＯ２,其中约有 ８２％的ＣＯ２被岩溶过程吸收,１８％左右的随河水流失。根据一个流域ＣＯ２输入量和输出量,可 以计算岩溶过程中 ＣＯ２吸收量。计算表明,灞河流域现代岩溶过程中每年吸收的 ＣＯ２约为５６３２．８ｔ。 相似文献
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我国南方岩溶区与北方黄土区都是巨大的碳库。碳酸盐的溶蚀及再结晶是两个碳库与大气ＣＯ２交换的重要过程。碳的区域平衡是评价化学风化消耗或逸散ＣＯ２的基础。岩溶区与黄土区在地球化学风化的环境背景、溶蚀过程、产物运移和归宿等差异很大。黄土区化学风化消耗大气ＣＯ２通量较岩溶区小。目前评价两类地区土壤与大气ＣＯ２的源汇关系尚不成熟,需要定量认识土壤ＣＯ２与下伏碳酸盐岩溶蚀或与下伏黄土次生碳酸盐化作用。岩溶区湖泊沉积物中有机质分解产生的ＨＣＯ３－制约外源及内生碳酸盐溶解和自生碳酸盐形成。 相似文献
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表层岩溶系统因碳酸盐岩－水－CO2(气)三相的化学动态不平衡过程而产生特殊的碳循环环节,参加循环的碳包括碳酸盐岩中的碳、大气和土壤空气CO2部分。中国南方表层岩溶系统的碳循环非常活跃,并敏感地响应岩溶动力因素的变化,从而促进了地球化学过程和生物化学过程的结合,成为大气CO2汇的重要项。中国南方表层岩溶系统的碳循环通过驱动环境的元素迁移,促进土壤有机质的积累,并影响植物所需要的矿物质营养元素的全量和有效态,进而影响岩溶区的植物物种、特有性和作物的发育。 相似文献
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以低含量有机碳的岩溶土壤（ＳＯＣ, ０．８９％）为媒介,每１５０ｇ上添加松针、梧桐叶粉各 ７．５ｇ,１５ｇ,４个试验土柱号分别为ＳＣＣ３,ＳＣＣ５;ＳＢＣ３,ＳＢＣ５,接种岩溶土壤微生物群落后,于 恒温室内进行培养淋溶实验。结果表明,土壤淋溶液的电导值受土壤有机质含量多少及性质 的影响。土壤水溶性有机碳（ＤＯＣ）淋失总量ＳＣＣ３为５４０．７ｍｇ,ＳＣＣ５为１５２２．９ｍｇ;ＳＢＣ３为 ３８３．２ｍｇ,ＳＢＣ５为５６３．５ｍｇ。同时,土壤环境中Ｃａ２＋的释放总量ＳＣＣ３为１４５．７ｍｇ,ＳＣＣ５为 ２８８．７ｍｇ; ＳＢＣ３为１７０．０ｍｇ,ＳＢＣ５为１６７．９ｍｇ。两者呈正相关,相关系数ｒ２＝０．８５。下伏碳酸 盐岩的溶蚀量排序为ＳＣＣ５＞ＳＢＣ３＞ＳＣＣ３＞ＳＢＣ５,表明两种不同植物凋落物经微生物分 解,产生不同质和量的ＤＯＣ,并导致土壤环境中 Ｃａ２＋释放的差异和不同的岩溶效应。从而初步揭示不同有机碳分解导致ＤＯＣ淋失的差异性,以及ＤＯＣ对岩溶动力系统的驱动。这与Ａ．Ｈｅｙｅｓ和Ｔ．Ｒ．Ｍｏｏｒｅ的研究结果一致。 相似文献
5.
陕西镇安、旬阳岩溶泉的成分变化与岩溶发育特征 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
陕西镇安、旬阳岩溶泉的观测资料表明,从１１月份到４月份,岩溶泉的ｐＨ值较大,从５月份到１０月份,岩溶泉的ｐＨ值较小。ＨＣＯ－３的含量随时间的变化与ｐＨ值相反。土层５０ｃｍ深处ＣＯ２含量在１１～５月份出现４００～２０００ｐｐｍ的低值,在６～１０月份出现５０００～１４０００ｐｐｍ的高值。ＣＯ２含量变化具有突变性,即在５月份之后突然增加。资料表明,夏、秋季是岩溶发育加快的时期,冬、春季是岩溶发育减弱的时期。 相似文献
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极地冰盖气泡研究表明,工业革命前大气圈天然ＣＯ2浓度约为２８０×１０－６,天然ＣＯ2浓度变化反映了冰期－间冰期循环这一长期气候变化固有特征。工业革命后,大量人为ＣＯ2进人大气圈,人为ＣＯ2收支明显不平衡,一个大于２．６ＧＴＣ／ａ的未知陆地生态汇很可能存在于北半球中纬度地带。土壤、岩溶作用、河流作用、地球化学作用、干旱－半干旱环境等系统以及海洋内部ＣＯ2循环的同位素示踪研究,可为人为ＣＯ2未知汇即“ＭｉｓｓｉｎｇＳｉｎｋ”的探求提供线索。 相似文献
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河流碳通量与陆地侵蚀研究 总被引：29，自引：2，他引：29
河流碳通量系陆地侵蚀产物,它构成全球碳循环的一个重要环节。河流碳通量在数量上远小于全球碳循环的其他环节,但由于与陆地生态系统联系密切,故对它的研究尤为重要。全球每年河流碳通量约为1GtC（109t碳）,其中约60％为无机碳、40％为有机碳。溶解态有机碳和颗粒状有机碳主要来源于土壤侵蚀,另有一部分有机碳来源于河湖中的浮游植物;溶解态无机碳主要源于大气中CO2和碳酸盐;颗粒无机碳主要指未溶解的碳酸盐。亚洲季风区河流对全球河流碳通量具有较大贡献,而对其研究程度较低。河流碳通量研究既可为流域治理提供基础资料,也是进一步了解人为CO2“未知汇”的途径之一。 相似文献
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为了研究泉水化学成分特点和在一年内的变化,文章利用pH-电导率自动记录仪对陕西秦岭翠华山地区两处泉水化学成分进行了每月2次的观测,并进行了水化学分析。翠华山泉水中HCO-3含量在76.27～152.55mg/L之间,Ca2+含量在14.48～26.92mg/L之间,Mg2+含量在4.46～4.89mg/L之间,K+含量在0.60～2.75mg/L之间,Na+含量在0.93～1.09mg/L之间,这些成分的特点是含量低。泉水pH值在6.98～5.69之间,夏秋季低于该区雨水的pH值,具酸性特征,这是该区地层主要由片麻岩构成决定的。从1月到11月,水秋池村泉水pH值和电导率呈现由大到小再到大的变化规律,引起这种变化的主要原因是夏秋季土壤CO2含量比冬春季高,泉水在夏秋季流动过程中吸收了较多的CO2。翠华湖西泉水pH值和Ca2+,Mg2+,K+,Na+离子含量比水秋池泉水高,从1月到11月Ca2+,Mg2+,K+,Na+离子含量变化与水秋池泉水变化相反,这应当是两个泉水的来源不同或在流动过程中遇到了酸碱性不同的土层和地层造成的。翠华山地区泉水化学成分变化是易于观测到的规律性很强的变化。 相似文献
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本文以广西桂林丫吉试验场的实际观测资料为基础,应用同位素示踪方法,探索了整个系统中碳的输入、输出和转移问题,并分析了表层岩溶生态系统中泉水水化学、土壤 CO2浓度及近地表植被层空气中CO2浓度的变化特征。结果显示,泉水水化学主要组分的日变化不明显,而土壤中CO2浓度则明显受日气候变化的影响,两者存在明显的滞后关系。用碳同位素示踪方法,重点对桂林观测站表层生态系统各碳库间碳的转移过程进行了定量研究,认为在有土壤层和植被覆盖的表层岩溶生态系统中,参与岩溶作用的碳有一半以上来源于与生物作用有关的碳。 相似文献
10.
云贵高原湖泊CO2的地球化学变化及其大气CO2源汇效应 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
湖泊是大气CO2的源还是汇,长期以来一直都存有争议。云贵高原地区的湖泊由于受流域碳酸盐岩风化作用的影响,使这一问题就显得更特殊,也更复杂。本次研究通过化学平衡计算和气相色谱测定两种方法得到了比较一致的湖水CO2浓度结果。研究发现,在夏季强烈的光合作用消耗了湖水CO2,致使湖水中CO2浓度降低。在贵州草海、百花湖以及云南的泸沽湖、杞麓湖,表层湖水CO2分压(为便于与大气CO2比较,文中湖水CO2用分压单位表示)小于200μatm,远低于大气CO2分压,湖泊正不断地从大气中吸收CO2,从而构成大气CO2的汇。 相似文献
11.
Geochemical processes controlling fluoride-bearing groundwater in the granitic aquifer of a semi-arid region 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
N. Subba Rao A. Dinakar P. Surya Rao P. N. Rao Pandith Madhnure K. M. Prasad G. Sudarshan 《Journal of the Geological Society of India》2016,88(3):350-356
The aim of the present study is to identify the geochemical processes responsible for higher fluoride (F–) content in the groundwater of the Yellareddigudem watershed located in Nalgonda district, Andhra Pradesh. The basement rocks in the study area comprise mainly of granites (pink and grey varieties), which contain F-bearing minerals (fluorite, biotite and hornblende). The results of the study area suggest that the groundwater is characterized by Na+: HCO facies. The F– content varies from 0.42 to 7.50 mg/L. In about 68% of the collected groundwater samples, the concentration of F– exceeds the national drinking water quality limit of 1.5 mg/L. The weathering of the granitic rocks causes the release of Na+ and HCO ions, which increase the solubility of ions. Ion exchange between Na+ and Ca2+, and precipitation of CaCO3 reduce the activity of Ca2+. This favours dissolution of CaF2 from the F-bearing minerals present in the host rocks, leading to a higher concentration of F– in the groundwater. The study further suggests that the spatial variation in the F– content appears to be caused by difference in the relative occurrence of F-bearing minerals, the degree of rockweathering and fracturing, the residence time of water in the aquifer materials and the associated geochemical processes. The study emphasizes the need for appropriate management measures to mitigate the effect of higher F groundwater on human health. 相似文献
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It is necessary to understand the aquatic chemical characterstics of natural surface fresh water for water quality assessment.The chemical data from different kinds of water in the central Guizhou karst area showd that spring water from carbonate rock cracks(crack-water)is of neutrality or meta-alkalinity and [C] Ca II type.The amounts of all ions and the concentrations of HCO3^- and Ca^2 were higher in the autumn than in the spring,The crack-water was influenced by the infiltration of surface water in the process of erosion and /or trans-portation with decreasing HCO3 and increasing pH,SO4^2-,Cl^-,K^ and Na^ during running in a certain distance on the land surface .In particular,the chemical compositions of the waters at Tianxingqiao(upper-stream),Shuiliandong(mid-waterfall)and Luoshuitan(down-pool)near the Huangguoshu Waterfall were much different from those of the crack-water.The concentration of SO4^2-,Na^ ,Fe^3 and NO3^- varied closely with seasons.The CaCO3 deposited violently with CO2 release in the spring ,In Lake Hongfeng the HCO3^-/SO4^2- equivalent ratios were only 2.1-2.4 ,but Ca^2 /Mg^2 up to 2.4-4.2.The Cl^- concentration increased by a factor of 1 and Na^ by order of magnitude relative to the spring water.These indicated the increase in artificial pollutant discharge in the Lake Hongfeng watershed.In addition,Proewater in the soils covering carbonate rocks belongs to strongly mineralized water,The obvious differences in water quality were controlled by carbonate deposition,sulphate mineralization and nitrogen fixation as well as ammonification.It is indicated thaty the chemical compositions in the waters from the karst region were unstable and changeable. 相似文献
13.
南宁市区地下水水化学特征及形成机制 总被引：4，自引：4，他引：0
为了深入研究南宁市区地下水水化学特征、水质情况及地下水质量演变的主要水化学过程,文章采集南宁市区22组孔隙水和7组岩溶水,检测pH值、阴阳离子、溶解性总固体（TDS）和总硬度等化学指标,探讨地下水水化学特征和形成机制。结果表明:研究区孔隙水和岩溶水pH平均值均小于7,两种水TDS和总硬度基本一致,主要的阴离子（HCO3-、Cl-、SO42-）中含量最高的是HCO3-,平均分别为68.08 mg/L和106.68 mg/L;对于阳离子（Ca2+、Mg2+、K+、Na+）,研究区孔隙水和岩溶水均表现为Ca2+≥Na+>Mg2+>K+,其中Ca2+的平均含量分别为24.04 mg/L和31.34 mg/L;地下水化学成分主要通过风化-溶滤作用与混合作用形成,地下水水化学类型为HCO3--Ca2+型水;地质环境背景是地下水pH值普遍偏低的主要原因,人类活动对地下水的影响越来越重要,pH值和水化学类型改变均与经济发展、人口增加、工矿企业增加等人类活动密切相关。 相似文献
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Jun Li Guoli Yang Danni Zhu Hao Xie Yi Zhao Lianjie Fan Shengzhang Zou 《Chemie der Erde / Geochemistry》2022,82(2):125866
Karst groundwater is a vital resource for drinking, living and irrigation purposes in karst agricultural areas of the world. Due to the vulnerability of karst aquifers, surface pollutants are easily transferred to the subsurface and make karst groundwater be deteriorated, thereby restricting the rational exploitation of karst groundwater resource. In view of this, 49 karst groundwater samples were collected from spring (SW) and underground river (URW) sites in the suburban area of Chongqing City and analyzed for various hydrochemical components. Particularly, the karst groundwater quality was comprehensively uncovered by combining characteristics of hydrogeochemical evolution and health risks caused by nitrate and fluoride. The results revealed that the karst groundwater was slightly alkaline in nature and the water types were mainly characterized by Ca-HCO3 accounting for 93.88% of the total samples due to the heavy dissolution of carbonate rock. The relatively high concentrations of Na+, SO42? and NO3? up to 271.88 mg/L, 277.94 mg/L and 56.94 mg/L were over the corresponding maximum acceptable limits for drinking water, which can be predominately attributed to the emissions of industrial park, dissolution of gypsum and pyrite and excessive application of chemical fertilizers. Although agricultural activities were stopped and chemical fertilizers were no longer applied during the sampling period, long-term application of fertilizers have a persistent adverse effect on the karst groundwater NO3?. The pollution index of the karst groundwater (PIG) revealed that the low pollution and potential pollution zones were noticed in the northwestern parts of the study area. With respect of the SW, all the total hazard index (HI) values were below 1 suggesting no significant health risk. On the contrary, HI values of 0.11–1.16 for adults, 0.15–1.61 for children and 0.17–1.83 for infants in the URW indicated significant noncarcinogenic health risks. Particularly, infants and children were more vulnerable to karst groundwater NO3? than adults. Furthermore, the noncarcinogenic health risks of karst groundwater can be mainly attributed to NO3?, confirmed by the higher contribution ratio (66.55%) to the HI values. Therefore, special and targeted measures need to be taken to decrease the NO3? concentration in agricultural area. 相似文献
16.
金沙江河谷巧家段地下水化学特征 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
金沙江河谷巧家段地形切割强烈,最大相对高差可达2 719 m,水文地质条件差异大,河谷区内泉水出露众多。对河谷区内38组泉水水化学组分进行分析的结果表明:地下水化学类型较简单,主要为HCO3- Ca、HCO3- Ca?Mg、HCO3- Mg?Ca型;地下水溶解性总固体(TDS)浓度变化较大,总体上TDS浓度自河谷斜坡补给-径流区至谷底排泄区,具有逐步增高的趋势;孔隙水TDS浓度明显高于岩溶水;地下水宏量组分HCO3-、Ca2+、Mg2+、SO42-与TDS具有正相关关系。据水化学组分变化分析谷底第四系地层中出露大泉的形成条件,其为孔隙水与岩溶水相混合形成。 相似文献