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1.
《The Professional geographer》2013,65(4):464-476
Abstract The fluidity of southern African families is related to a long history of internal and external migration. Currently, HIV/AIDS is having a dramatic impact on extended family structures, with the migration of individual members employed as a coping strategy. Children's migration is one aspect of this that is often distinct from that undertaken by other household members. This article is based on qualitative research conducted in Lesotho and Malawi with young migrants and the households that receive them. It examines the processes of fragmentation and re-formation of households through the movements of children that are taking place in response to HIV/AIDS, and explores the impacts these processes have on young migrants and the households they join. 相似文献
2.
This paper examines African American migration from Los Angeles County, 1985–1990, utilizing Census Public Use Microdata Samples (PUMS) data to identify linkages between Los Angeles migrants and others in destination households. Increased migration to suburban counties and to regions outside of the South, since 1975–1980, suggests an overall diversification of African American migration. The majority of outmigrants were “independent” because they moved into 1990 destination households that contained only migrants from the same origin, Los Angeles County. Others were linked either to nonmovers or to migrants from other places in destination households. A discriminant analysis suggests that many migrants linked to nonmigrants were moving for assistance, depending on others at the destination for housing and financial resources. In contrast, independent migrants have the personal resources to set up their own destination households. 相似文献
3.
《Norsk geografisk tidsskrift. Norwegian journal of geography》2012,66(1):13-24
The study focused on three main actors within low-income urban households in Gaborone, the capital of Botswana. These were primary care givers, persons living with AIDS (PLWA) and AIDS orphans. The survey investigated the extent to which the traditional family system was coping with provisioning for its PLWA and AIDS orphans, the level to which the main actors reorganize household space in response to evolving demands, to cater for PLWA and AIDS needs, and the degree to which such spatial reorganization resonates with the gendered utilization of household space. Although the methodology of this case study was mainly participatory, it also relied on documented literature from archival sources and the Internet for its conceptual, theoretical and statistical information. The results suggest that the traditional family system is failing to cope with care provision for the PLWA and AIDS-orphaned children and that adjustments to their increasing presence within the households influence the gendered reconfiguring of household space. The traditional gendered utilization of space is thus being constantly negotiated in response to the requirements of HIV patients and those of HIV/AIDS-orphaned children. The proliferating female HIV/AIDS patient care giving and orphan children guardianship appear to be threatening the central and pivotal position of the father figure within the patriarchal household setting. 相似文献
4.
Ahsan RM 《International journal of population geography : IJPG》1997,3(1):49-61
The author analyzes migration patterns and processes of female construction workers in Dhaka City, Bangladesh, and considers the impact of this migration. "Interviews...reveal that the major goal of these female migrants, whose mobility and employment have traditionally been restricted, is to take responsibility in the struggle for livelihood.... Success of many migrations is linked with participation in construction work in the city. Employment in such activities is largely by women from male-headed households, indicating male support in the work, followed by females heading their own households." 相似文献
5.
《Norsk geografisk tidsskrift. Norwegian journal of geography》2012,66(1):48-57
The epidemiological pattern of HIV/AIDS in Africa and Tanzania is characterized by geographical variations in HIV prevalence. Despite the geographical variations, heterosexual contact remains the predominant mode of HIV transmission. The article examines the interrelationships of social, spatial and temporal issues in explaining the sexual risk of HIV/AIDS amongst youths in rural Tanzania. Drawing on discussions with young people, the authors employ a comparative approach to establish categories of social practices that explain HIV risk. HIV risk is largely influenced by social interaction as youths engage in routine day-to-day activities in different geographical locales. The availability of antiretroviral treatment ushered in new dynamics in locally available strategies to manage the risk of HIV infection. Gender relations appear to have an underlining influence in determining the timing and place of risk as well as ways of controlling risk. The study participants emphasized both social and biomedical interventions to manage and control sexual activity and risk. Youth-focused and community-wide interventions addressing HIV prevention, care and treatment need to recognize the fact that the HIV epidemic in Tanzania is increasingly becoming a rural phenomenon structured by a wide range of local, national and global processes. 相似文献
6.
全球化背景下的日本移民动态研究 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
本文以日本外务省的移民统计数据为基础,对1990年代以来日本海外移民在世界和中国的分布及其结构变化情况进行了分析。探讨了日本移民的数量变化、人口结构、迁移类型、迁移方式、地区分布及其变化趋势,并考察了其在中国的分布及构成特点。日本移民主要流向北美、亚洲太平洋地区,尤以洛杉矶、纽约、上海、曼谷等城市分布最为集中。在中国的日本移民近年增长迅速,主要分布在上海、北京、香港、广州、深圳等大城市,并以男性移民为主。本文分析了这些日本移民的分布动向,并对今后中国大城市的移民问题进行了讨论。 相似文献
7.
中国人口迁移流动的时间过程及其空间效应研究：回顾与展望 总被引：11，自引：5，他引：6
对人口迁移流动时间过程及其空间效应研究的国内外研究进展进行了全面系统的回顾和评述,揭示了中国迄今这方面工作在研究内容、数据来源和理论框架等方面的不足,在此基础上展望了中国人口迁移流动时间过程及其空间效应研究的未来发展,认为今后中国人口迁移流动研究的一个重要方向是在获取迁移流动人口流迁过程历时数据的基础上,分阶段系统考察人口迁移流动各具体环节及相关就业、住房、家庭等特征的时空变化及其机制,填补在人口迁移流动时间过程研究上的缺漏,并把对各单个流迁阶段的研究结果整合为对整体流迁过程的新的规律性认识。这将拓展和深化人口迁移流动空间格局及其形成机制的研究,推进人口迁移流动时空过程及其演变规律相关理论的发展。 相似文献
8.
南京市不同社会群体的贫困集聚度、贫困特征及其决定因素 总被引：5，自引：1，他引：4
基于2005年在南京市进行的大规模家庭户调查,检查城市不同社会群体的贫困发生率和贫困集聚度,并分析不同贫困群体的特征及贫困的决定因素。1370个调查案例被分为三种类型:无失业人员的城市家庭、有失业人员的城市家庭、农民工家庭。研究采用主观感知和客观测度两种方法分析不同城市群体的贫困发生率和贫困集聚度。城市贫困群体的特征分析集中于其日常生活的最基本元素,包括人口学特征、社会权利、住房条件、邻里关系和社会网络等。研究发现,有失业人员的城市家庭与农民工家庭有着相似的贫困发生率,后者更遭受多重不利。在贫困决定因素方面,城市家庭的贫困主要取决于不利的个人和家庭特征因素,而农民工家庭的贫困很大程度上与制度歧视相联系,农民工不仅在生活条件上而且在社会保障方面仍无法真正融入城市社会。 相似文献
9.
Kaistha KC 《Population geography : a journal of the Association of Population Geographers of India》1987,9(1-2):25-36
Using a broadened concept of migration, which includes circulatory migration and commuting, this paper maintains that the patterns of outmigration vary a great deal when the level of development of a rural area is treated as an independent variable. This study uses a stratified conditional sample of 192 households selected from 3 areas: 53 households from a low developed (LDL) area, 56 from a medium (MDL), and 83 from a high (HDL). Data were collected by personal observation, interview, and genealogical methods at both the household and individual level. The households are divided into 3 main categories: 1) non-migrating, 2) commuting only, and 3) migrating (which is further divided into migrating within and migrating outside the boundaries of the district). Results show that 1) 37.51% of household members neither commute nor have migrated outside the village; 2) using the narrow definition of migration, only 10% of males over age 15 migrate, while including commuting in the definition increases the percentage to 40; 3) proportions of non-migrating households decrease from 58.4% for the LDL, to 35.7% for the MDL, to 25.3% for the HDL area; 4) the proportion of commuting only households increases from 26.4% for the LDL, to 35.7% to the MDL, and 55.4% for the HDL area; 5) 15.2% of households in the LDL, 28.6% in the MDL, and 19.3% in the HDL area experience a permanent change in residence; 6) as development accelerates, the overall volume of outmigration increases; 7) the flow of migration from rural to rural areas is mostly limited to the MDL area, while cityward migration increasingly occurs on both LDL and HDL areas; 8) the median age of commuters increases with rising levels of development; and 9) almost all migrants from the LDL area are employed in low prestige occupations, most from the HDL area have higher prestige jobs, and those from the MDL area have both high and low prestige jobs. 相似文献
10.
Soonthorndhada A 《Population geography : a journal of the Association of Population Geographers of India》1983,5(1-2):4-11
Female migration in Thailand, especially from rural areas to the Bangkok Metropolis, is an important migratory phenomenon which leads to an unfavorable population distribution. Generally the migration level in Thailand is low but many women from the rural areas, especially from the Northeast Region, move to Bangkok Metropolis to seek work. Findings reveal that the majority of migrants are young, single women. Women migrants find it relatively easy to participate in the Bangkok labor market. Service work is the main source of employment. For the temporary migrants, it was found that those from the Northeast Region tend to return to their hometown in higher proportion than those from other regions. This was particularly so among young women migrants. 相似文献
11.
城镇购房衡量的农业转移人口流向特征与形成机制 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
农业转移人口在城镇购置房产切合了新型城镇化规划和中央经济工作会议对市民化的要求。研究购房定居或准备定居城镇群体的流向特征,有助更好地落实有效供给。随机问卷调查乡村务农人员、打工者,在校大学生、研究生及其背后的家庭成员,采用回忆或电话问询方式填写农村购房转移个体和家庭基本状况,获得江苏、河南、陕西等24省区1327份有效信息,分析中国购房转移群体的流向特征与态势,用Spearman双变量相关分析和多项分类Logistic回归分析方法从个体或家庭角度探究购房流向分异的成因及形成机制。结果表明：20世纪80-90年代购房转移人口少,2000年以来渐多,趋向年轻化,教育程度较高群体多购房转移到规模较大或等级较高的城市。省区内城市,尤其县级城市是购房转移主要地,镇吸纳能力整体较弱,原住地层次影响迁住地高度。东部地区省区内购房转移多元分化,中部地区在县级以上城市分散购房转移,西部地区购房转移到省区内地级以上城市占一半以上。需求互补性、中介机会、距离远近影响购房转移及其分异,获得期望的经济收入加以城市的吸引力,是人们在工作或打工地购置房产的深层原因;没有稳固工作地点,一般倾向家乡的县级城市、镇或者就近的高等级城市购房。购房转移和流向分异与教育程度、固定工作与否、是否购房地工作、现工作地时间、购房年龄等个人或家庭发展条件的因子显著相关,是宏观社会环境政策影响、中观城乡系统各种媒介作用与微观个体或家庭成员主观行为多向耦合综合驱动的结果。 相似文献
12.
There is little empirical evidence on the association between household experience with HIV/AIDS and shifts in the use of natural resources in developing countries, where residents of rural regions remain highly dependent on often-declining local supplies of natural resources. This study examines household strategies with regard to fuelwood and water among impoverished rural South African households having experienced a recent adult mortality and those without such mortality experience. Quantitative survey data reveal higher levels of natural resource dependence among mortality-affected households, as well as differences in collection strategies. Qualitative interview data provide insight into subtle and complex adjustments at the household level, revealing that impacts vary by the role of the deceased within the household economy. Resource management and public health implications are explored. 相似文献
13.
Forever transnational: The ambivalence of return and cross‐border activities of the Shan across the Thailand‐Myanmar border 
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下载免费PDF全文 Amporn Jirattikorn 《Singapore journal of tropical geography》2017,38(1):75-89
Over the past two decades, northern Thailand has experienced a massive influx of Shan ethnic nationals from Myanmar migrating to escape economic hardship and political conflicts at home. Myanmar's recent reforms raise the question of whether these migrants will return. The paper brings together the context of current changes in Myanmar with migrants' prospects of return and the impact of large‐scale migration on homeland politics. On the one hand, the paper explores the possibility that Shan migrants could remain forever transnational, for many of them will most likely never return. On the other hand, it considers the perspective of Shan elites in Myanmar on the fact a large portion of young Shan now spend their adult lives living and working in Thailand. While out‐migration of young Shan threatens the social fabric of Shan community in Myanmar, Shan ethnonationalists strive across the Myanmar border to regain loyalty among the Shan migrant population in Thailand. By examining the two aspects, this paper attempts to shed light on the impact of transnational migration on both migrants and their home country. 相似文献
14.
Theresa Tufuor Chizu Sato 《Norsk geografisk tidsskrift. Norwegian journal of geography》2017,71(1):46-59
In recent decades there has been a large migration stream of single women from the north to Accra in Ghana. Existing studies have focused on young migrant women’s livelihood strategies in their place of destination. However, once-married women – divorced and widowed women and neglected wives – also migrate, and their motivations for migration are less known. Drawing on qualitative and quantitative methods, the authors investigate the effects of gender norms, age, marital status, socio-economic status, and position in households on women’s decisions to migrate. The results revealed that migrant women from resource-poor households, regardless of age, marital status and position in households, commonly cited a gain in autonomy as an important motivation for their migration. From a differentiated perspective, young unmarried women aspired to prepare themselves for often expensive religious marriage ceremonies, whereas once-married women invest in their children’s education and build their own housing. By paying attention to the effects of gender norms, age, marital status, socio-economic status, and position in households on women’s decisions to migrate, the study illuminates the contradictory ways in which their migration practices are both shaped by and shape gender ideologies in parts of contemporary northern Ghana. 相似文献
15.
Ram S 《Population geography : a journal of the Association of Population Geographers of India》1987,9(1-2):37-44
The period of highest migration from India to England was 1955-1975. In 1981, the Bradford metropolitan district had about 13,000 Indians. 46% were Punjabis and 43.3% were from Gujarat. Using a 10% sample of Indian households in the Bradford district in 1984 and secondary information, this study examines the impact of the following reasons on decision to migrate: 1) push factors in the area of origin, 2) the 1947 partition of India, 3) strong economic attraction of the destination, and 4) "cultural ethos" and "status competition" among the migrant communities in the areas of emigration. Findings show that 1) Punjab and Gujarat do not have high poverty levels nor very high population densities; 2) the partition of India did not influence migration decisions; 3) the economic well-being of returning migrants and the high conversion rate of English currency did attract migrants to England (39% of surveyed migrants emigrated to England for purely economic reasons); and 4) 60% of the Punjabis and over 50% of the Gujaratis state that local status competition had a significant influence on their decisions to migrate. Thus, the economic attraction of England and the status competition among local families and the community were the dominant factors in migration decision making. 相似文献
16.
Richard C. Jones 《The Professional geographer》2013,65(3):382-399
At the same time that the Third World has become more dependent on international wage-labor migration, developed countries have become less hospitable to this migration. This inhospitality is beginning to have negative repercussions on rural sending regions such as north-central Mexico. This study is based on a survey of a stratified random sample of households in Villanueva municipio (county), Zacatecas, in 1988 and again in 2002, employing the same questions and methodology. The results suggest that restrictive U.S. border policies over this period have had a negative impact on village economies in the municipio. Although migrant families continued to hold a distinctive edge on nonmigrant families in terms of possessions and productive investments, there was a decline overall in levels of investment and remittances in the municipio. In the latter year, Villanueva had more nonmigrant families as well as more families with permanent migrants—both trends leading to less money remitted to rural families and lower agricultural investments. Observations and interviews with migrants and townspeople in the municipio in 2005 and 2008 strongly corroborate these trends. Rural villages are facing depopulation, disinvestment and, it might be argued, a deterioration of hope for the future. 相似文献
17.
基于2017年中国流动人口动态监测调查数据,采用嵌套Logit模型分析了地理、制度、信息和知识等多维邻近性对城-城流动人口流入地选择的影响。结果表明：城-城流动人口倾向于流入与户籍地地理相邻、制度相似、信息联系密切以及与自身知识水平相匹配的城市,这在一定程度上缓解人口向工资水平高、就业机会多和公共服务水平好的大城市集聚的趋势;不同维度的邻近性之间存在替代效应,省内流动能够降低距离对流入地选择的负面影响;多维邻近性的影响强度存在群体差异,女性对知识邻近性更加敏感;新生代流动人口对正式制度和信息邻近的城市有更强的偏好,但受知识邻近性的影响较弱;高学历群体更能远距离、跨省迁移并受到城市间互联网信息联系更强的影响;而有过流动经历的劳动力再流动时更能克服地理、文化和知识距离的限制。 相似文献
18.
The household registration (hukou) system in China was studied using China's 1990 census 1% microdata and interprovincial migration studies. In doing this, the socioeconomic characteristics and geographical patterns of long-distance hukou and non-hukou migratory flows were compared before developing a framework of dual migration circuits. The framework uses a statistical model to evaluate migration rates in relation to both origin and destination variables. It was found that these two types of migrants shared some general demographic characteristics, but displayed substantial socioeconomic differences. The hukou migrants that tended to originate in urban areas had an extremely high share of college-educated people and were employed in higher skilled jobs, while non-hukou migrants were mostly from rural areas with much lower educational attainment. Hukou labor migrants tended to move through government and formal channels, while non-hukou migrants relied on their own, often informal, source of jobs. Furthermore, a difference as to the migration mechanisms between hukou and non-hukou migrants was noted. Non-hukou migration rate were tied positively to the migration stock, a process consistent with a networked migration hypothesis, while hukou migration rates were not. The rural labor migrants moved away from provinces of high population pressure to those with more favorable land/labor ratios, in line with neoclassical predictions. Hukou migration moved in the opposite direction, reflecting a different set of factors at work. The analysis indicates that the hukou system remained a relatively powerful institution in structuring migration in the 1980s. 相似文献
19.
As one of the most ecologically sensitive issues in the world,migration now plays an important role in population growth on the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau.To promote sustainable development in the world's third pole,it is necessary to investigate population migration on the Plateau.Using 2010 census data,a spatial database of county-level migrants on the Plateau was constructed,and migrants were divided into short-distance and long-distance migrants according to the hukou-registered origins.Measuring migration intensity allowed the spatial pattern of population migration on the Plateau to be ascertained.The driving factors were identified using spatial regression models,and the main conclusions are as follows:(1)In 2010,there were 1.23 million inter-county migrants on the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau,and the overall migration intensity reached 10.50％.There existed significant spatial differences in population migration intensity on the Plateau at that time,and the provincial or prefectural capitals were attractive destinations for migrants.Northwestern Qinghai,which boasted min-ing industries,constituted a significant spatial cluster with a relatively high migration intensity.However,most areas on the Plateau attracted relatively few migrants,especially in western and northern parts of Tibet,which were sparsely populated and uninhabitable.(2)There were 0.95 million short-distance migrants and 0.28 million long-distance migrants.The short-dis-tance migration intensity was 8.14％,while the long-distance migration intensity was only 2.36％.Short-distance migration was the main form of population migration,with a pattern similar to the layout of overall population migration intensity.Only a few county-level units strongly attracted long-distance migrants,which were mostly distributed in northwestern Qinghai.(3)Economic factors were considered fundamental drivers for migrants to live on the Plateau.Destinations with high levels of economic development and more opportunities in non-agricultural jobs proved more attractive for migrants.For short-distance migrants,ur-banization level also proved a considerable driving factor for in-migration.However,long-distance migrants were mainly affected by the job chances of the secondary industry on the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau. 相似文献
20.
A unique feature of migration in China is its two-track system, one consisting of permanent migration and temporary migration. This article examines whether and how hukou reforms and the maturation of migration streams since the 1980s have changed the two-track system. Using data on interprovincial migration from the 1990 and 2000 censuses, our empirical analysis focuses on the differentials between permanent migrants and temporary migrants and their changes over time. We document the size, migration reasons, and selectivity of migrants, and we evaluate the determinants of the dichotomy between permanent migrants and temporary migrants via logistic regression models. Our findings show that between 1990 and 2000 the gaps between interprovincial permanent migrants and temporary migrants did not narrow but in most aspects had widened. There is little evidence that hukou reforms have lowered the barriers to urban citizenship. At the same time, a larger spectrum of the rural population has joined the temporary migration streams. The net result is a persistence of the two-track migration system, where permanent migrants increasingly assume the position of social and economic elites and temporary migrants are the disadvantaged and disenfranchised. 相似文献