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1.
One major aim of the Greater Mekong Subregion (GMS) integration programme, supported by the Asian Development Bank (ADB), is to foster regional ‘community’ for sharing resources, people and financial flows. This ‘community’ is the target of both economic growth and poverty reduction. The emphasis on ‘community’ in the ADB's mushrooming quantity of documents raises important questions about what kinds of people are included, in what roles and with what kinds of support and protection. This paper explores these questions in relation to the political economy of regulating ethnic migrants from Myanmar working in Thailand. This paper argues that extra‐legal relations between migrants and state/para‐state agents constitute a crucial part of regulation. In transferring the regulation of migration to the national scale, the ADB inadvertently reinforces national differences between Thais and cross‐border people. Additionally, the complicated and fluctuating implementation of national regulations in both countries leaves migrants subject to violence and extortion from state and quasi‐state agents in Thailand. This paper shows that the dynamics of global capitalism require ‘deportable labour’ supplied by ethnic migrants who are included in the GMS community as the most invisible, vulnerable and exploited members.  相似文献   

2.
Through in‐depth interviews and participant observation with 40 1.5 generation Korean New Zealander returnees, we explore life trajectories and identify both short‐ and long‐term reasons for return. Short‐term reasons for return include moving home when entering adulthood in order to begin a career, gaining new experiences and finding a future spouse. Longer term influences include the difficulties of living as minority‐status immigrants in the host society, transnational connections and a longing for a sense of ‘home’. Our consideration of longer term migration strategies sheds light upon the often forgotten difficulties and complexities that can underlie an individual's return.  相似文献   

3.
Female migration in Thailand, especially from rural areas to the Bangkok Metropolis, is an important migratory phenomenon which leads to an unfavorable population distribution. Generally the migration level in Thailand is low but many women from the rural areas, especially from the Northeast Region, move to Bangkok Metropolis to seek work. Findings reveal that the majority of migrants are young, single women. Women migrants find it relatively easy to participate in the Bangkok labor market. Service work is the main source of employment. For the temporary migrants, it was found that those from the Northeast Region tend to return to their hometown in higher proportion than those from other regions. This was particularly so among young women migrants.  相似文献   

4.
Over the past decade there has been a surge of academic and policy interest in the contributions of transnational migrants in furthering national development objectives in their ‘home’ countries. These approaches tend to be bifurcated into two distinct categories: (1) ‘diaspora strategies’ that target the participation in national development objectives of sought‐after elite, high‐skilled migrants and (2) migration‐as‐development strategies, which focus on facilitating and channeling the economic and social remittances of nonelite, low‐skilled migrants. Although these broad categorizations have never been entirely adequate in capturing the complexity of international migration flows, a conceptual division between them persists, with very real consequences for state policies in migrant‐sending countries in Southeast Asia. This paper explores the separation between diaspora strategies and migration‐as‐development frameworks through a focus on rights and skills, and questions of relative labour value. I argue that while diaspora strategies and migration‐as‐development frameworks cannot simply be merged, the academic separation between them should be challenged and more in‐depth theoretical engagement should be encouraged. I further suggest that migration policy makers should strive to evaluate their migration policies to address the increasing complexities of contemporary migration.  相似文献   

5.
This paper presents an investigation based on the testimonies of ethnic Bamar or Burman women migrant workers in the ethnically diverse 'borderland' town of Tachilek, Myanmar and interviews with their relatives in the home village in the central Burman heartlands. We examine how the concept of relational places, here involving a village in the central Mandalay Division and a town in the Myanmar–Thailand borderland, is related to differential power relations affecting the women migrants. We focus on the ways that gender identity and social position are limited by the relational places of community elders and the migrant women themselves, and suggest that the relational places of migrants in Myanmar are constructed through the nexus of varied forms of state control in both the central Burman heartlands and the multiethnic borderlands of the country.  相似文献   

6.
This paper examines circular labour migration between Australia and the Philippines by bringing Australian immigration policies and Philippine diaspora strategies under the same analytical framework. An extensive Philippine bureaucracy regulates migrants at each stage of the circular migration cycle, and as a sending state it has an interest in migrants staying temporarily in host countries such as Australia. The requirement to return home at the end of an overseas work contract compels migrants to remain attached to the sending state, their homeland, and return subsequently. However, Australia is allowing a route for temporary migrants to apply for permanent residency while in the host country. This has implications for sending states that rely on migrant ties to the homeland. The paper argues that analysing the intersections between the themes of migration, development and diaspora strategies reveals the multiple meanings of temporariness during migration and in migration studies. It questions whether associating temporariness with precariousness and marginalization is an accurate representation of the complex conditions underpinning circular labour migration.  相似文献   

7.
In this paper, we investigate whether marriage‐related migration promotes socioeconomic mobility and how class belonging and educational background affects Thai women's migration experience and socioeconomic mobility. Drawing on qualitative interviews, supported by a questionnaire survey with Thai women living in Austria and who are in a relationship with a Western male citizen, we seek to dismantle simplistic notions about hypergamy and question common assumption about marrying up or down in migration contexts. We compare socioeconomic indicators such as formal education, occupation, and income before and after the migration and analyse migrants’ experiences in Austria. The results show a complex picture of upward and downward socioeconomic mobilities. Two distinct scenarios of paradoxical mobilities have been identified. On the one hand, some migrants feel empowered (when experiencing economic downward mobility) as they enjoy the freedom of living in Austria, while on the other hand, those migrants experiencing upward mobility feel a loss of their personal autonomy.  相似文献   

8.
卓云霞  刘涛 《地理研究》2022,41(5):1262-1278
作为一个多阶段的空间行为决策过程,人口迁移是城镇化和区域发展研究的核心议题;但现有研究普遍存在重意愿轻行为、重状态轻过程以及较少关注再迁移行为等不足。本文构建了迁移者居留、返乡和再迁移三元选择行为的分析框架,并利用具有全国代表性的调查数据,采用事件史分析法开展了实证研究。结果发现：迁移者普遍会经历三年左右的不稳定期,而后进入稳定居留状态。迁移者的居留、返乡与再迁移行为存在空间分异：省际迁移者较省内迁移者更倾向于再迁移;迁入地规模等级越高,迁移者居留的比例越低。重要生命事件会显著影响人们的迁移行为：婚姻会让迁移者更偏好在特定迁入地稳定居留;毕业就职是人们重新选择居住地的重要时机,而失业这一负面冲击则很可能促使迁移者返回家乡。迁入地经济增长放缓、迁出地经济发展水平提高、两地间文化环境差异较大等因素都会导致更多迁移者选择返乡;但区域发展和地域联系对高学历、低学历迁移者和省际、省内迁移者的影响存在明显异质性。研究结果证实了在人口迁移决策研究中关注实际迁移行为、引入动态过程视角并统筹考虑居留返乡和再迁移三元选择的重要意义。  相似文献   

9.
Although in the past Sri Lanka has had a higher number of women migrant workers, recent statistics show that the gap between the percentages of female and male migrants is decreasing. Since 2007, male migrants have outnumbered female migrants. The article explores how Sri Lankan men have responded to the increased economic needs of their families and lack of proper income-generating activities within the country by engaging in transnational livelihoods, as well as how their roles and identities are contested and negotiated through labour migration. The study is based on men's narratives on their reasons for migration and their experiences of transnational labour migration. The concepts of hope and life course are used to analyse the intertwined relationships of gender and mobility in transnational livelihoods. The author identifies that men's mobility is motivated by their hopes of fulfilling traditional gender norms as providers and protectors of their families in combination with their new identity as successful men. Further, the study provides evidence that men's mobility is not only gendered but also a repeated act during their life course. The study contributes to strengthen research on mobility and gender by adding men's perspectives on transnational labour migration.  相似文献   

10.
全球化背景下的日本移民动态研究   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  
本文以日本外务省的移民统计数据为基础,对1990年代以来日本海外移民在世界和中国的分布及其结构变化情况进行了分析。探讨了日本移民的数量变化、人口结构、迁移类型、迁移方式、地区分布及其变化趋势,并考察了其在中国的分布及构成特点。日本移民主要流向北美、亚洲太平洋地区,尤以洛杉矶、纽约、上海、曼谷等城市分布最为集中。在中国的日本移民近年增长迅速,主要分布在上海、北京、香港、广州、深圳等大城市,并以男性移民为主。本文分析了这些日本移民的分布动向,并对今后中国大城市的移民问题进行了讨论。  相似文献   

11.
运用ArcGIS软件与DPS软件,结合世界银行数据库与《非洲统计年鉴》等,分析21世纪以来非洲跨国移民空间格局及其对FDI影响,结果表明：基于目的地国、原籍国的跨国移民分别集中于北非地区与撒哈拉以南的非洲,其中前者呈现以“摩洛哥-埃及-苏丹”为中心的集聚格局,而后者先以科特迪瓦最为集中,随后逐渐被南非所取代;北非地区FDI分布最为集中且增长稳定,南非、东非、西非和中非四大分区FDI较少且随着时间的推移而日趋平衡;相比基于原籍国的跨国移民,基于目的地国的跨国移民重心与FDI重心重叠性与一致性均较高,即基于目的地国的跨国移民对FDI吸引力更强,这与灰色关联分析法得到的研究结论一致。  相似文献   

12.
This paper explores alternative understandings and experiences of migration under neoliberalism in Ecuador. Through the case study, the study examines migrants' multiple motivations for mobility and their ambivalence toward the process. Insights from the transnational migration literature were drawn in order to think through the implications of an increasingly contradictory context of economic modernization and its impact upon the sense of possibilities and belonging of migrants. In-depth interviews with urban-destined migrants in Ecuador were drawn to argue that mobility produces ambivalent development subjects. This argument is developed in three sections. First, the paper centers on the epistemological and theoretical basis for the relevance of migrant narratives in extending theorizations of migration. Second, in-depth interviews with migrants to Quito are drawn to explore migrants' sense of belonging and regional affiliation, identity formation through migration, and experiences of alienation and disruption in their lives. Lastly, this paper concludes with a retheorization of the role of migration places in the migrant identity construction.  相似文献   

13.
The fluidity of southern African families is related to a long history of internal and external migration. Currently, HIV/AIDS is having a dramatic impact on extended family structures, with the migration of individual members employed as a coping strategy. Children's migration is one aspect of this that is often distinct from that undertaken by other household members. This article is based on qualitative research conducted in Lesotho and Malawi with young migrants and the households that receive them. It examines the processes of fragmentation and re‐formation of households through the movements of children that are taking place in response to HIV/AIDS, and explores the impacts these processes have on young migrants and the households they join.  相似文献   

14.
新型城镇化背景下流动特征与农民工回流意愿的关系   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  
使用2016年中国流动人口动态监测调查数据，借助描述性分析和多分类Logistic回归模型分析方法，探讨新型城镇化背景下农民工回流意愿的现状与特点、流动特征与回流意愿的关系。研究发现，农民工的回流意愿很弱，有回流意愿并打算近期回流的农民工比例较低，回流地域以原居地为主、户籍地的乡镇和区县政府所在地为辅。模型结果显示，流动特征显著影响农民工的回流意愿：跨省流动者“打算回流”的概率大于省内流动者；流动时间短和非举家流动者“打算回流”“近期回流”“回原居地”的概率分别大于流动时间长和举家流动者；有留守子女者“打算回流”“近期回流”的概率大于没有留守子女者。最后，建议政府实施以“异地市民化”为主、“回流式市民化”为辅的市民化策略；继续深化制度改革，为农民工流动扫清制度壁垒和提供均等化公共服务；促进中西部和东北部地区的经济社会发展，出台鼓励农民工回乡创业和就业的优惠政策等方式来推进以农民工市民化为重点的新型城镇化发展。  相似文献   

15.
Tourism, Globalisation and Critical Security in Myanmar and Thailand   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  
This paper seeks to articulate recent debates on globalisation and critical security with the process and local impact of international tourism development in Thailand and Myanmar (Burma). It argues that, although tourism is an important manifestation of the globalisation phenomenon, its impact on host societies is very much dependent upon the influence of local institutions and actors. Hence, the enquiry will focus principally upon the "global-local interface". The impact of tourism is viewed within the "new security" framework which involves broadening the notion of security beyond its traditional focus on military issues and inter-state relations into such realms as economic, environmental and societal security with a strong emphasis on sub-national situations. Using empirical examples of forced labour and human rights in Myanmar, the HIV/AIDS crisis and societal insecurity in Thailand and Myanmar, and the environmental impact of golf tourism in Thailand and elsewhere, the paper attempts to show how the perceived macro-level benefits of active tourism promotion are frequently traded off against significant, and occasionally severe, negative local security impacts. How such a situation occurs will be the principal focus of this investigation.  相似文献   

16.
刘云刚  燕婷婷 《地理研究》2013,32(7):1280-1290
改革开放30 多年来,沿海大都市和内陆地方城市之间的发展差距不断拉大,其中人口流动是重要动因。因此,如何吸引人口回流,留住本地人才,是内陆地方城市未来发展的关键。在此背景下,以驻马店为案例地,通过实地调研和问卷访谈,探讨了在深圳市的驻马店籍人口的回流意愿,以及当前驻马店的人口回流状况,并重点对回流创业者与回流购房者的回流动因、地域选择、就业动向及预期等进行了调查分析。研究表明,以驻马店为代表的地方城市已出现了以U-turn 与I-turn 为主的人口回流现象,且回流人口大都从事或打算从事与之前就业行业相关的创业活动。已发现有两种主动回流类型,即创业回流和购房回流。其中,购房回流也可看作是创业回流的前奏,二者可理解为同一回流过程的两个阶段。如果地方政府能够做出积极的政策引导,回流人口及其带动的返乡经济可望成为地方城市摆脱发展困境的一个新战略。  相似文献   

17.
空气质量对中国人口迁移的影响   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  
曹广忠  刘嘉杰  刘涛 《地理研究》2021,40(1):199-212
随着中国流动人口群体构成和迁移模式的持续变化,空气质量等舒适性要素逐渐成为塑造人口迁移空间格局的重要因素。基于2000年以来的人口普查和抽样调查数据,本文探讨了空气质量对人口迁移影响的总体特征、变动趋势和作用模式。研究发现,空气质量已逐渐成为影响中国人口迁移格局的重要因素,且主要表现为推力作用。空气质量直接关系到人口迁出决策,污染严重的地区更难留住人;而在迁入地选择过程中,收入水平和就业机会则更为重要,但其影响近年来有所弱化,城市吸引力更加综合多元。此外,研究还验证了教育资源对人口迁移的导向性作用,并从人口迁移的角度发现了城市群作为城镇化主体形态的地位在持续强化。  相似文献   

18.
随着新文化地理学对流动研究的持续关注,家逐渐成为理解跨国移民日常生活实践的重要概念。本文回顾了家的地理学与跨国移民研究的文献,结果发现：首先,跨国移民家的研究开始吸收物质、情感地理学及政治经济学相关理论,文化地理学者可以结合物质、情感与权力创新“家”的理论;其次,跨国移民家的空间政治主要是基于女性、边缘化阶层以及形式上的公民权,有关男性、精英阶层、内容上的超公民权等研究不仅会成为跨国移民研究的趋势,也会为流动性背景下家的研究提供更多的视角。最后,本文提出跨国移民“家”的实践三要素（物质、情感与权力）概念框图,强调从住宅空间、城市空间与跨国空间尺度对家的实践及尺度互动机制进行探讨。  相似文献   

19.
缅老泰交界地区刀耕火种农业的时空变化格局   总被引：2，自引：1，他引：1  
廖谌婳  封志明  李鹏  刘晓娜 《地理研究》2014,33(8):1529-1541
刀耕火种农业深刻影响着东南亚地区的土地利用/土地覆被变化。研究刀耕火种农业的空间变化及其影响因素,对科学理解东南亚地区土地利用/土地覆被变化、农民生活方式变化和维持生态系统服务有重要作用。以缅老泰交界地区为研究区,运用遥感手段提取1996年、2000年、2003年和2011年四个时期刀耕火种农业的空间分布信息,并运用GeoDA空间自相关分析方法和GIS空间分析技术,分析了不同时间段刀耕火种农业的时空变化格局、刀耕火种农业面积和破碎化程度的空间自相关性,并对不同国家境内时空变化差异的原因进行了探讨。研究表明:① 缅老泰交界地区刀耕火种农业面积经历了一个小幅增加—小幅减少—大幅增加的变化过程,总体上净增加;其中,泰国清莱府分布最多,老挝波乔省增幅最大,缅甸大其力县净减少。② 缅老泰交界区刀耕火种农业斑块面积、破碎化程度空间分布均具有正相关性,刀耕火种农业面积的空间正相关性总体上有所提高,而破碎化程度的空间正相关性总体上略有降低。③ 轮歇周期、社会经济发展水平可能是不同国家境内刀耕火种农业空间变化差异的主要原因。  相似文献   

20.
随着城市产业转型升级和县域经济快速发展,人口回流已成为现阶段中国人口迁移与流动过程中的重要组成部分,回流劳动力是乡村振兴和新型城镇化的重要力量,对于区域协调发展意义重大。距离是人口流动空间选择的核心解释变量,在多维邻近性视角下探究多种距离对流动人口回流的影响,有利于深化对人口回流机制的理解。论文借鉴多维邻近性分析框架,基于2016年中国流动人口动态监测调查数据,采用二元Logistic回归模型探究地理、制度和社会邻近性对流动人口回流意愿的影响。研究表明：① 回流群体主要是受教育水平较低的大龄已婚流动人口,其在劳动力市场不占优势,但家庭对其情感需求与依赖较大,回流意愿明显。② 不同维度邻近性均对流动人口回流意愿有较强解释力,地理、制度和社会邻近性对回流意愿均有显著负向影响,长距离跨省或跨方言区迁移的劳动力回流意愿更为强烈。③ 不同邻近性对回流意愿的影响存在群体异质性。高学历群体回流意愿受其所在流入地参保情况的抑制,同时受到方言和地理距离的不同影响;新生代流动人口则较易受非正式制度邻近性影响而选择回流;长期外出劳动力的回流意愿会因其已熟悉流入地方言并在流入地积极参保而降低。  相似文献   

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