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地基土承受超载作用时就会产生沉降,在土体沉降作用下埋置于其中的管道,管壁就会产生变形甚至破裂。为分析地面超载对临近地下管线的影响,基于温克勒（Winkler）弹性地基短梁理论,应用Boussinesq解,考虑地面超载引起下卧层的沉降及地基土体的侧向移动对管道的影响,建立地面超载对埋地管道影响的分析计算模型,并采用有限差分法进行求解;通过算例分析了超载大小、位置,管道刚度、埋深、管径以及土体性质对埋地管道位移的影响;结果表明：超载大小、管道的刚度、埋深、管径对地下管道位移的影响较大,而当地基基床系数和超载离管道的距离增大到一定值时,地面超载对其影响将减弱。因此,需要考虑邻近超载对管道的影响,合理制定埋地管道的保护措施。 相似文献
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地质雷达是一种探测金属和非金属管道的有效方法,传统方法是利用经验电磁波速度计算管道埋深,存在较大误差,且往往无法估算管径或算法繁琐。蒙特卡洛方法是一种随机模拟的地球物理反演手段,从雷达图像中读取一系列反射回波穿行时间和雷达相对于管顶的位置数据,给定合理的电磁波速度、管道埋深和管径3个参数的范围,可以有效地拟合得到速度、埋深和管径。该方法在南京地铁盾构某区段,用来拟合估算地下输油管、自来水管和污水管的埋深及管径,取得了与实际情况较为一致的结果,拟合的电磁波速度符合地下介质情况。 相似文献
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Deepwater pipelines are designed to transport mixtures of oil and gas, and their associated impurities at wellhead temperatures that can be in excess of 149 °C (∼300 °F or 422 K) while the external temperature maybe in the range of 5 °C (∼41 °F or 278 K). Depending on the circumstances these pipelines may be buried for physical protection or for additional thermal insulation using robotic trenching equipment. This results in a complex cut and backfill geometry in the seafloor in addition to altering the thermal properties of the backfill. A two-dimensional boundary element model was developed specifically to address to investigate the local steady-state thermal field in the near field of the pipeline. The model allows one to account for the complex geometries in the near field associated with this burial technique, site-specific multi-layered soil conditions and the seawater adjacent to the seafloor. A parametric study was preformed to evaluate effects of the thermal power loss, burial depth, pipe diameter and soil thermal conductivity on the thermal field in the near field of a buried pipeline. The numerical examples illustrate the influence of the backfill thermal property on the temperature at the pipe wall, that the pipe diameter controls the required output thermal power needed to maintain the desired pipe wall temperature, and the importance of pipeline burial depth on seabed temperature distribution above the pipeline. 相似文献
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场地和断层对埋地管道破坏的影响分析 总被引：7，自引：3，他引：4
场地条件和断层活动是埋地管道破坏的主要原因,避免因为场地岩土和断层的影响而造成管道破坏,是城市地下生命线工程建设中急需解决的问题。采用ADINA软件的Parasolid建模方式,通过定义合适的体类型和布尔操作,建立了埋地管道破坏分析的几何模型,实现了土体－断层－管道破坏有限元建模。借助模型参数选择,确定了基岩与岩土性质、管道特性等模型参数;定义了管-土摩擦和约束条件、地震波和断层位移荷载等。依据计算结果,分析了场地条件和断层参数对地下管道地震破坏的影响;结果表明：管道埋藏越深,断层断距越大,管道的变形越大,破坏越严重。给出了管-土摩擦系数和断层与管道交角的最优值,并给出了几点工程建议。 相似文献
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河流冲积平原区是我国城市建设的主要区域,地层以松散冲洪积物为主,该地区地下管网破损带走松散地层极易形成隐蔽性很高的地下空洞,进而诱发地面塌陷,威胁人身财产和基础设施安全。以安庆市长风路地面塌陷为例,建立渗流、应力多场可控的等比实体模型箱,开展城市地面塌陷仿真实验,分析带水管线破损后地层中孔洞发育过程及孔洞周边各个方向应力变化特征,旨在揭示地面塌陷形成机制。结果表明：（1）安庆市长风路地面塌陷从孕育倒塌陷,经历了小孔、竖直孔洞、塌陷坑三种形态,可将地下异常孔洞当作前兆进行预警;（2）河流冲积平原区城市地面塌陷的孕灾环境是地层的高渗透性地层和地下水位,诱发因子是管道的破损,尤其是污水排水管道破损;（3）城市地面塌陷危害大小主要受控于管道及地下水位相对埋深,且可以根据地层性质可对塌陷坑的大小进行计算评估。该成果可为城市地面塌陷风险评价、防治区划等提供理论基础。 相似文献
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桩板拦石墙是针对2008年"5·12"汶川震区高陡斜坡带高位落石灾害难以实施主动加固,而在拟设拦挡部位所采用的一种被动防护措施,适用地形坡度介于25°~35°。为研究此类桩板结构在落石冲击荷载下的动力响应,采用有限元与无限元耦合进行数值模拟,结合经典弹塑性理论,系统分析了桩板拦石墙在不同冲击工况下弹塑性加载与卸荷回弹过程中冲击力、贯入深度、结构耗能效果等特征参量,明确了结构的抗冲击特性。结果表明,本文采用的"无限元"边界可以有效地减小应力波在人工截断边界处反射造成的误差。在冲击速度为10 m·s-1、15 m·s-1、20 m·s-1、25 m·s-1的情况下,本文计算冲击力的大小分别为1.9 MN、2.5 MN、3.1 MN、3.7 MN,结果与Kawahara模型一致,但较Labiouse模型和Hertz弹性解大。根据混凝土损伤理论,提出了损伤等级分类,有效地量化结构破损程度。当速度大于20 m·s-1时,桩、板混凝土拉压损伤严重,结构存在丧失承载力的风险。本文的计算方法与结果可为相关结构设计提供实际指导。 相似文献
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Dao-Yuan Tan Jian-Hua Yin Jie-Qiong Qin Zhuo-Hui Zhu Wei-Qiang Feng 《Landslides》2018,15(12):2487-2497
Flexible barriers have been widely applied in rockfall mitigation in recent years. However, the behavior of flexible barriers under the impact of boulders is still not fully understood. To investigate the interaction between a flexible barrier and a falling boulder, a large-scale physical modeling device has been constructed at a site in Hong Kong. Using this device, large-scale impact tests using boulders with different diameters were conducted. Test results are presented and analyzed in this paper. The motion of the boulder during impact is traced and analyzed. The impact forces on the flexible ring net and the supporting structures are measured and compared. From the comparison, the impact reduction rates (IRR) of boulders with different diameters are calculated. Moreover, a simple approach for estimating the impact loading of a boulder on a flexible barrier is proposed in this study. This approach is calibrated and verified using measured impact forces in the tests. 相似文献
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This paper presents a discrete framework for the modelling of composite structures for rockfall protection. The model is applied to analyse the dynamic response of a cylindrical damping module upon impact of a boulder. The damping module consists of a cylindrical wire mesh, two steel rings, a boundary rope, a geotextile lining and a granular filling material. The chain-link wire mesh, the steel rings and the boundary rope are represented with deformable cylinder elements. The geotextile lining is incorporated into the openings of the wire mesh by using deformable facets. The filling material is represented using spherical particles. 相似文献
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落石与坡面或者防护结构接触过程中冲击参量随时间变化特征是描述落石碰撞过程的重要指标,对于揭示落石与坡面相互作用机制以及采取合理的防护措施具有重要的意义。在现有的相关设计规范中,并没有给出关于落石冲击力时程关系的计算方法,仅参照有关规范或经验方法确定一个落石最大冲击力值。为此,首先基于线黏弹性接触理论,建立落石冲击地面力学模型,根据位移-速度组合初始条件以及速度-加速度组合初始条件分别推导得到两种落石冲击特征参量理论解析解;然后基于 ANSYS/LS-DYNA 非线性动力学软件,建立落石冲击地面三维数值模型,研究球体落石冲击地面力学特点;最后将理论结果对比室内试验和已有的研究成果,得出以下结论：（1）Hertz 弹性接触理论结果中各参量变化在加载阶段和恢复阶段均呈现对称的趋势,速度、加速度初始条件下的落石冲击特征参量和动力有限元法非常接近,而位移-速度初始条件组合并不适用于研究落石冲击下的动力特征;（2）不同速度和下落高度下,落石最大冲击力值随落石下落高度和冲击速度的增大而增加,而落石冲击作用时间随下落高度和冲击速度的增加而减小;（3）计算结果得到的落石最大冲击力以及落石冲击作用时间与室内试验结果和已有成果相接近,相比室内试验和有限元结果的震荡性,此结果更能体现落石冲击力变化规律; （4）多种冲击速度下,对比不同方法得到的落石最大冲击力,可知计算结果均在各种冲击力计算结果的范围内,具有很好的可靠性。考虑到现有研究理论的不足,难以求解落石冲击力时程关系,求解结果丰富了落石碰撞理论,可以指导工程有关落石灾害的防护设计。 相似文献
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管道作为油气资源的最为常用的运输方式之一,穿越不同地质情况的区域,所面临的工程问题各有不同。本文对青海省某冻土区输气管道进行调研,针对出现的管沟融陷、工程构筑物冻胀变形等病害问题,选取典型断面,钻孔埋设温度传感器和沉降磁环测试元器件,对暖季和寒季管道周围土体温度和位移进行监测,研究输气管道周围地温变化及冻胀融沉规律,为冻土区输油气管道的设计、施工、运营、病害治理提供借鉴。研究表明:该冻土区寒暖季地表地温随气温波动较大,越靠近管道,地温年振幅越大;该区域冻土地温范围为-2~-1℃,地温带类型属基本稳定带,正温输气的热扰动,导致周围土体融沉;管道正上方受管道放热影响,地温均为正温,影响范围约1.5m;在近管道处,深度1~4m,地温受多重因素影响,深度4m以下,地温年较差较小,均为负温;冻胀由深处向上发生,时间上有滞后性;10月和11月为冻融剧烈时间段,应及时监测预警。 相似文献
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作为一种常见的海洋地质灾害,海底滑坡会对油气管道的安全造成巨大威胁。由于海洋底流的冲刷作用,海底管道往往会悬跨于海床之上,稳定性较差。当悬跨管道遭受到海底滑坡的冲击作用后,其动态响应预测及安全性评估尤为重要。本文建立了海底滑坡-管道相互作用的有限元模型,将油气管道分为悬跨段和埋地段,考虑了悬跨长度和高度变化条件下,油气管道遭受海底滑坡冲击作用时的动态响应。数值计算结果表明,管道悬跨长度和高度对其塑性变形影响显著,海底滑坡引起的管道应变会随着悬跨长度和高度的增加而增大。最后,提出了综合考虑悬跨长度和高度影响下海底管道安全性评估方法,该成果可直接用于海底滑坡作用下油气管道安全性的动态评估。 相似文献
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在岩溶含水系统中,作为主要排水通道的管道对泉流量动态具有一定的控制作用,而管道特征参数对流量变化亦有影响。为确定管道各参数的影响,前人以管道发育的岩溶水系统为研究对象,进行了短时间序列泉流量响应的分析探讨,而对岩溶管道不十分发育的岩溶水系统的研究较薄弱。为此,本研究结合北方岩溶水系统的发育特征,借助CFP管道流模型对管道各参数对岩溶系统流量和流态的影响程度及各参数的敏感性进行了分析,而后基于河南鹤壁许家沟泉域岩溶水文地质特征构建了泉域的MODFLOW-CFP模型,对泉域岩溶地下水渗流进行了模拟,并对不同降水保证率下的泉流量进行了预测。结果表明:管道流量与管壁渗透系数、管道坡度和管径呈正相关,而随弯曲度和埋深的增加管道流量呈先增大后减小的趋势。管壁粗糙度对流量的影响较小,且呈现出一定的波动性,尤其是当管壁粗糙度较小时,波动比较明显。经敏感性分析发现,管壁渗透系数和埋深的敏感性最高,其次为弯曲度和管道坡度,而管道直径和管壁粗糙度敏感性最低。许家沟泉域在25%降水保证率下,年最大泉流量为0.45 m3/s,平均泉流量为0.36 m3/s;在75%降水保证率下,年最大泉流量为0.41 m3/s,平均泉流量为0.31 m3/s,与实际情况吻合。该法可为我国北方岩溶区水资源评价及泉域水资源开发保护提供借鉴。 相似文献
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G. Matas N. Lantada J. Corominas J. A. Gili R. Ruiz-Carulla A. Prades 《Landslides》2017,14(5):1565-1578
A rockfall is a mass instability event frequently observed in road cuts, open pit mines and quarries, steep slopes and cliffs. After its detachment, the rock mass may disaggregate and break due to the impact with the ground surface, thus producing new rock fragments. The consideration of the fragmentation of the rockfall mass is critical for the calculation of the trajectories of the blocks and the impact energies and for the assessment of the potential damage and the design of protective structures. In this paper, we present RockGIS, a GIS-based tool that simulates stochastically the fragmentation of the rockfall, based on a lumped mass approach. In RockGIS, the fragmentation is triggered by the disaggregation of the detached rock mass through the pre-existing discontinuities just before the impact with the ground. An energy threshold is defined in order to determine whether the impacting blocks break or not. The distribution of the initial mass between a set of newly generated rock fragments is carried out stochastically following a power law. The trajectories of the new rock fragments are distributed within a cone. The fragmentation model has been calibrated and tested with a 10,000 m3 rockfall that took place in 2011 near Vilanova de Banat, Eastern Pyrenees, Spain. 相似文献
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我国城市化、工业化进程对地下管线的依赖性和需求越来越强,但是近年来相关的重大安全事故频发,亟待加强对管道破坏机理及管-土相互作用的研究。本文基于准分布式光纤布拉格光栅(FBG)技术,在室内开展了一系列平面应变模型试验,利用光纤应变传感器监测了地表加载作用下埋地管道的受力变形特征,据此提出了由应变测值反演管周土压力的计算方法;同时,利用粒子图像测速(PIV)技术获取了管道周边土体的变形规律,并和光纤监测结果进行了对比分析。试验结果表明:采用FBG传感技术,可以有效获取管周土压力分布及土体应变的演化过程;不同埋深率情况下管周土体的变形破坏模式有较大的不同,土拱效应随管道埋深增大而变得更加显著。相关结论为进一步认识埋地管道的灾变机理、提高监测预警水平,提供了一定的参考。 相似文献
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Reinforced concrete barriers are commonly used as defence measures in hilly areas to contain falling boulders and landslide debris. These barriers are conventionally designed to satisfy the conditions of force and momentum equilibrium with a factor of safety. A major limitation of this approach is that the inertial resistance of the barrier is neglected such that the design could be over-conservative. This paper presents a novel displacement-based approach for the assessment of overturning stability of rigid L-shaped barriers subjected to rockfall impacts. Analytical solutions, which are derived based on conservation of momentum and energy, are used to take into account the contributions of the self-weight and, thus, the inertial resistance of the barrier in resisting an impact. The actual amount of energy transferred from the impacting boulder to the barrier is considered by including the coefficient of restitution between the two objects. The accuracy of the analytical solutions has been confirmed by laboratory impact experiments. Numerical assessments conducted using the new solutions indicate that a reasonably sized rigid barrier, due to its own inertial resistance, may adequately withstand the impact action of a heavy boulder rolling down a hillslope without relying on any anchorage to its support. A range of geometric design of the barriers with L-shaped cross sections also has been considered and analysed. The new approach presented in this paper is easy to apply in practice and will be useful for engineers designing concrete barriers as passive rockfall mitigation measures. 相似文献
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The prediction of rockfall trajectories below a rock cliff is essential in susceptibility, hazard and risk maps, particularity
close to populated areas. The Monte da Lua hill area in Portugal, a tourist destination close to the historic city of Sintra
(UNESCO World Heritage), is a typical granite boulder chaos landscape where from time to time rockfalls occur, the last such
event having occurred on 29 January 2002. This area is therefore suitable to develop a rockfall study in order to provide
hazard and risk maps a basis for mitigation measures. A preliminary investigation of the area leads to the identification
of 188 potentially dangerous boulders. Detailed locations and geotechnical characteristics in terms of geometry, strength
and context were sampled for each boulder. Digital elevations at 1 × 1 m resolution, known rockfall trajectory and building
locations are provided in a GIS project for the study together with the spatial database of boulder characteristics. The modelling
approach was conducted in two steps: (1) discrimination of the boulders in terms of static and dynamic mobility behaviour
with multivariate analysis; (2) stochastic simulation of rockfall trajectories. The rockfall trajectory algorithm proposed
is straightforward and is only dependent on elevation data, initial location of boulders and a friction angle. Due to the
slope of the area, it assumes that rockfall is always of the rolling or sliding type. The friction angle was calibrated on
the basis of the rockfall travel distance recorded on 29 January 2002 and generates simulated “realistic” trajectories. A
smaller friction angle increases all simulated trajectories, leading to more “pessimistic” scenarios. The combined analysis
of trajectories and potential damage to buildings and discrimination in terms of static and dynamic behaviour provides a final
table in which all 188 sampled boulders are classified in one of the five risk grades. 相似文献
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为满足工程建设的需要,如何提高深埋地下管线的探测精度是探测工作中的难点.在地铁盾构土建施工的工地,采用FDEM (frequency domain electromagnetic method) 法对埋深约16 m的成品油管道进行探测,第一步是经过地面测线X方向的探测工作,确定了目标管道的走向Y并缩小了范围,因为受干扰物体的影响,所以两种工作频率探测结果之间的定深误差很大,尚未满足工程实际的需要;第二步是在经过距目标管道5.0 m处的两个孔内的Z方向进行探测,获得了离开目标管道较近“测线”上的Hz实测曲线;第三步是用Hz理论曲线与Hz实测曲线进行拟合反演,最终获得了定位、定深误差分别为20 cm、10 cm以内的探测精度,为地铁施工建设提供了精准的基础性技术资料.孔内Z方向的探测工作表明,“测线”离目标管道更近,又可以避开地面X方向测线上的干扰物的影响,可以提高探测精度.孔内探测是对地面X方向探测成果的检验,值得推广到对地面探测成果质量的验收中;采用拟合软件进行推断解释,是对探测数据的信息处理技术,将在FDEM法探测地下管线中得到广泛的应用. 相似文献
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This study uses a numerical procedure, previously validated with data from full-scale experiments, to investigate the performance of a modified prototype wire-rope fence to provide protection against rockfall. The cost-reducing modifications are increased post spacing and fewer wire netting layers. The numerical procedure provides the nonlinear response of the prototype under various impact conditions and insights into each component’s role in dissipating impact energy. A simple but effective method to increase fence capacity is also developed. Finally, the use of two units of the prototype to protect a wide area is investigated employing the numerical procedure. 相似文献