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1.
Land use/cover change and its driving forces has been one of the most important fields in global environmental change research
since the 1990s. Karst areas are distributed extensively on the Earth’s surface and are usually characterized by a fragile
eco-environment. In southwest China, karst landforms are fully developed and their eco-environment is highly fragile. Over
the past decades, irrational land use practice has caused a series of alarming eco-environmental issues including forest clearing,
soil erosion, and karst rocky desertification. Therefore, it is of great practical significance to study land use/cover change
in this area and its driving forces in order to re-build the damaged eco-environment and achieve sustainable land use. In
this paper, the authors conduct a case study on land use/cover change and its natural and human driving forces since the early
1970s in southwest China’s Maotiaohe watershed. The results indicate that the land use/cover pattern in the study area has
undergone a very complex change, which is a result of combined action of both natural and anthropological factors. In the
1970s and 1980s, climate change and fast population increase played dominating roles in the change of arable land, shrub land,
grassland, and rocky desertification land. Since the early 1990s, economic development has gradually taken the place of population
change to become the overwhelming human factor to go along with climate change in driving the land use/cover change, particularly
the change in arable land, construction land, and rocky desertification land. 相似文献
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近30年巢湖流域土地利用变化及其驱动力研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
土地利用与覆被变化（LUCC）是全球变化的重要内容和主要表现之一,LUCC研究已成为全球变化研究的前沿和热点问题。基于多时相的TM影像数据,从流域尺度研究了巢湖流域的土地利用变化,分析探讨了土地利用变化的社会经济驱动力。研究结果表明,1979～2008年间巢湖流域的土地利用发生了比较明显的变化,主要表现在耕地锐减和建设用地激增;经济发展、城镇化、工业化、人口增加是造成巢湖流域土地利用变化的主要驱动力。 相似文献
4.
A multi-scale study on land use and land cover quality change: The case of the Yellow River Delta in China 总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5
This paper presents a case study of the Yellow River Delta in China, to trace land use and land cover changes during the past
20 years, with an emphasis on land quality changes. Three sets of data are used in this case study: remote sensing data derived
from satellite images; crop yield data from statistics; and soil data collected by the researchers in the field. Our study
reveals that at the regional scale, LUCC has taken place in a positive direction: vegetation cover has been expanding and
crop yields per hectare have been on rise. However, while the overall eco-environment has improved, the improvement is uneven
across the Delta region. At local levels, some areas show signs of increased salinization and declining organic content. Both
natural forces and human activities are responsible for the LUCC, but human activities play a more important role. While some
impacts of human activities are positive, the damages are often long-lasting and irreversible. We also conclude that it is
necessary to use both macro data (such as remote sensing data) and micro data (data collected in the field) to study land
quality change. The former are efficient in examining land quality changes at the regional scale, the latter can serve to
verify ground patterns revealed from macro data and help to identify local variations, so as to get a comprehensive understanding
of LUCC and promote sustainable land use and land management.
This revised version was published online in July 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date. 相似文献
5.
Nebkha development and its relationship to environmental change in the Alaxa Plateau,China 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
Xunming Wang Honglang Xiao Jinchang Li Mingrui Qiang Zhizu Su 《Environmental Geology》2008,56(2):359-365
Extensive nebkha areas develop mainly under the control of aeolian processes, and their sediments record information on regional
environmental changes during different periods. Such areas have developed on the dry riverbeds and deserted arable lands of
China’s Alaxa Plateau, Taklimakan, and Kumutage deserts. In this paper, we studied nebkhas that had developed in the Heicheng–Juyan
region to determine their CaCO3 contents, particle size distributions, and creation dates. Extensive human activities have occurred in this region since
at least in the late Tang Dynasty (618–907 ad). Although historical records show that most of the region’s rivers dried up around 1372, surface water persisted in some
areas until the early Qing Dynasty (1644–1911 ad). After the 1600s, extensive nebkhas began to develop due to drying of the region’s rivers. The early stages of nebkha development
were controlled by both the sediment supply and the regional wind regime, whereas late stages were controlled primarily by
variations in wind activity. In the Alaxa Plateau, it took about 100 years for arable lands and riverbeds to evolve into gobi
deserts, and during this time, several phases occurred with different levels of wind activity. The land degradation processes
in this region are mainly controlled by surface water resources, and the impact of human activities such as reclamation on
land degradation appear to have been overestimated in previous studies. 相似文献
6.
The paper provides a coherent pattern identification analysis of the impacts of coastal land use and land cover (LULC) on evapotranspiration (ET) under the impact of seawater intrusion. The study applied the Landsat satellite data to characterize the LULC at Laizhou Bay, Shandong Province, China. Then, the ET and heat fluxes were estimated using the surface energy balance algorithm for land model with two-time phase thermal infrared band images and regional surface parameters. This allowed for the eventual linkage of seawater intrusion to land use/cover changes (LUCC) and ET variations over time. The case study discussed in this paper carried out a coastal landscape dynamics assessment using multi-source and multi-sensor remote sensing technologies. The results are: (1) due to its distance from the sea, the vegetation index (modified soil-adjusted vegetation index, MSAVI) gradually increases with the gradual increase of land use grade (Uindex); (2) there are a variety of types of relational patterns between parameters (LST, Gn, MSAVI, and Uindex) and ET (positive, negative, and no relationship); and (3) seawater intrusion significantly affected the spatial pattern of LUCC, which evidently affected the spatial distribution of ET. The spatial distribution pattern and change characteristics of ET were formed by double driving forces of seawater intrusion and LUCC under the background effects of regional climate. 相似文献
7.
The authors identify and describe the following global forces of nature driving the Earth’s climate: (1) solar radiation as a dominant external energy supplier to the Earth, (2) outgassing as a major supplier of gases to the World Ocean and the atmosphere, and, possibly, (3) microbial activities generating and consuming atmospheric gases at the interface of lithosphere and atmosphere. The writers provide quantitative estimates of the scope and extent of their corresponding effects on the Earth’s climate. Quantitative comparison of the scope and extent of the forces of nature and anthropogenic influences on the Earth’s climate is especially important at the time of broad-scale public debates on current global warming. The writers show that the human-induced climatic changes are negligible. 相似文献
8.
水文要素变异的人类活动影响研究进展 总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5
重点针对人类活动导致的水文要素变异问题从以下3个方面分析了研究进展:①综述了人类活动水文效应研究的定性和定量2类成果,分析了作为揭示人类活动的水文效应机理的综合驱动因子的研究现状,剖析了人类活动水文效应定量化研究的方法模式;②综述了水文要素时间序列变异特征及变异点位置的识别研究成果,分析了现有的统计识别方法和差异信息熵等新技术、新理论在变异点识别中的应用,简析了目前研究尚不多的水文要素空间变异性研究方法;③描述了分离气候变化和人类活动对流域水文要素影响的2类主要方法:分项调查法和水文模型法,分析了土地利用/覆被变化对水文系统作用的驱动机理模型,综述了农区下垫面变化对水文要素变异的贡献分解方法.通过综述,指出了现有人类活动水文效应、水文要素变异性识别、下垫面变化对水文要素变异的驱动机理等方面的研究不足和问题.提出了未来需要重点加强气候变化与人类活动对水文要素变异驱动机理及贡献分解研究,加强水文要素时空变异特性的诊断,重构水文要素变异环境下洪涝极值等特征量及其重现期的新概念和新定量等. 相似文献
9.
在构建分布式水文模型与生物地球化学模型的耦合模型（DTVGM-CASACNP）及应用元胞自动机-马尔科夫（CA-Markov）土地利用预测模型基础上,以滦河流域为例分析气候变化、土地利用/覆被变化（LUCC）及CO2浓度升高对径流的影响。研究结果表明: DTVGM-CASACNP耦合模型以及CA-Markov模型在滦河流域均具有较好的适用性;气候变化与土地利用/植被覆盖变化对滦河流域径流的影响较CO2浓度升高的影响程度大;未来不同情景下滦河流域2020—2049年径流呈减小趋势,大部分情景下年径流较基准年减少,与非汛期相比,滦河流域未来汛期径流对不同情景更敏感,总体上在汛期径流相对基准年减少,而在非汛期径流相对基准年增加。 相似文献
10.
在全球变化的背景下,定量区分人类活动和气候波动对干旱区植被的影响具有重要意义。采用多种统计学方法,分析了我国西北干旱区1990-2010年土地利用/覆被变化（LUCC）和1982-2010年归一化植被指数（NDVI）的时空变化特征,并定量评估了LUCC对NDVI变化的影响。结果表明：1990-2010年,西北干旱区耕地增加量最多,高达13 476 km2,其次是林地和水域,各地类增加的面积主要来自草地（12 590 km2）和未利用地（6 025 km2）。各土地类型变化速度快慢依次为：耕地 > 建设用地 > 水域 > 林地 > 草地 > 未利用地。2000-2010年,研究区土地利用程度综合指数（0.79）明显高于1990-2000年（0.23）,表明近年来人类活动对土地利用变化的影响程度显著增强。1982-2010年,西北干旱区NDVI呈增加态势,但近年来（2002-2010年）NDVI略有下降。其中,1990-2000年,LUCC对西北干旱区NDVI总变化的贡献率较低,仅为2.9%;而1990-2010,LUCC的贡献率为26.7%,表明气候变化对植被指数变化的贡献率高达73.3%。 相似文献
11.
加强我国土地利用/覆盖变化及其对生态环境安全影响的研究——-从荷兰“全球变化开放科学会议”看人地系统动力学研究的发展趋势 总被引：75，自引：4，他引：71
综述了在荷兰阿姆斯特丹召开的"全球变化开放科学会议"的主要学术成果,从中分析了在全球变化研究的各个领域,人类活动在全球变化中所起作用的重要方面。在此基础上,阐述了我国如何加强在全球变化和可持续发展研究中,开展土地利用/覆盖变化及其对生态环境安全影响研究的重要方向。以此研究揭示土地利用变化的驱动力,土地覆盖变化的生态效应,土地利用/覆盖格局对生态环境安全的影响机理。着眼我国生态系统对全球变化的可能响应,重构了我国生态环境安全条件下的土地利用/覆盖的空间宏观格局。 相似文献
12.
Research on land use cover change (LUCC) has reached a mature stage and has formed a relatively complete scientific system. However, most studies analyzed the LUCC process from the view of land use types ignoring the integrality and systematicness of the land use system, which brought certain constraints to understanding the complexity and systematicness of land use process scientifically. Using the Modern Yellow River Delta (MYRD) of China as the study area, this research introduced the complex network analysis method to the study of the LUCC process by using 9 periods of land use data between 1976 and 2014 to build 8 stages of complex networks. The values of node degree, betweenness, changing proportions, and average shortest path in the networks were calculated to identify the key land use types, changing models of land use types, and the stability of land use system. Additionally, main parts of complex networks of the period from 1976 to 1995 and the period from 1995 to 2014 were selected to evaluate the changing characteristics of the LUCC process. The results indicated the area and proportion of natural wetland kept reducing, but the area and proportion of artificial wetland or non-wetland continued rising. The bare land, reed, bush, and cultivated land were the key land use types of the LUCC process. In the past 38 years, beach, bare land, reed and bush had been the output types, and the building land and salt pan had been the input types. The LUCC process has been a transfer process of natural wetland to artificial wetland and non-wetland in the past 38 years, which could be divided into land accretion process (1976 to 1995) and construction process (1995 to 2014). The land ecosystem was unstable for the period from 1990 to 2006. 相似文献
13.
Assessing land use and land cover change in the Wassa West District of Ghana using remote sensing 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
John Manyimadin Kusimi 《GeoJournal》2008,71(4):249-259
Vast tracts of forests are lost globally every year especially in the developing countries of the tropics due to various human
activities such as lumbering, farming, bush fires, surface mining and urbanization. The rainforest in Ghana has experienced
rapid depletion since the 1980s. The impact of deforestation is widespread, affecting the livelihoods of local people and
disrupting the tropical ecosystem. There is a serious concern in the study area about climatic change, soil erosion, siltation
of rivers and loss in biodiversity which have an adverse impact on traditional medicinal plants of the local people. The study
examined the extent of land cover change through image differencing of Landsat TM 1986 and 2002. The image classification
indicated that, vegetative cover from 1986 to 2002 has been reducing whiles land use activities have been increasing. Closed
canopy, open canopy and plantation have significantly diminished and land use activities especially built ups, farms, mining
and openfields are more than doubled. The driving forces for the change in land cover are population growth, lumbering, socio-economic
and cultural practices of the people. Lumbering and mining have been some of the major causes of the changing landscape in
primary forest. Also the reliance on wood for domestic energy and the need to increase food productivity to feed growing population
have also contributed greatly to the rapid depletion of the vegetative cover. 相似文献
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一种面向LUCC的时空数据存储管理模型 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
为满足土地利用和地表覆盖变化(land-use and land-cover change,LUCC)动态监测中时空数据统计分析、时空过程模拟、时空演变分析预测、时空数据挖掘的应用需求,需将LUCC数据存储管理方式由单一空间数据推进至时空数据存储管理。本文提出一种基于快照和面向对象的混合时空数据模型,支持矢量和栅格时空数据存储管理、LUCC时空过程模拟、LUCC时空过程建模参数提取和成果数据管理与发布。基于该模型研发了LUCC时空信息系统原型,以LUCC时空信息统计、地表覆盖斑块时空过程模拟、地表覆盖时空转移矩阵计算为例,验证了模型的可行性。 相似文献
16.
选择地处生态环境脆弱地区的晋陕蒙接壤地区能源化工基地的大柳塔矿区为研究区,利用1986年8月2日和2007年9月7日的TM卫星图像数据为信息源,应用遥感技术对其土地利用/覆盖变化进行研究。通过图像处理,划分出7种土地利用和地表覆盖景观类型,根据获取的景观类型变化参数对其结构与变化特征进行分析,得出研究区的生态变化趋势与驱动力。结果表明,煤矿大规模开采以来,研究区景观结构稳定性减弱,破碎度增强,人类活动在研究区生态环境变化过程中起主导作用。在矿区生态环境恢复中,应提高自然植被景观类型的有效规模,有利于增强生态系统的稳定性。 相似文献
17.
The questions of how land use change affects climate, and how climate change affects land use, require examination of societal and environmental systems across space at multiple scales, from the global climate to regional vegetative dynamics to local decision making by farmers and herders. It also requires an analysis of causal linkages and feedback loops between systems. These questions and the conceptual approach of the research design of the Climate-Land Interaction Project (CLIP) are rooted in the classical human-environment research tradition in Geography.This paper discusses a methodological framework to quantify the two-way interactions between land use and regional climate systems, using ongoing work by a team of multi-disciplinary scientists examining climate-land dynamics at multiple scales in East Africa. East Africa is a region that is undergoing rapid land use change, where changes in climate would have serious consequences for people’s livelihoods, and requiring new coping and land use strategies. The research involves exploration of linkages between two important foci of global change research, namely, land use/land cover (LULC) and climate change. These linkages are examined through modeling agricultural systems, land use driving forces and patterns, the physical properties of land cover, and the regional climate. Both qualitative and quantitative methods are being used to illustrate a diverse pluralism in scientific discovery. 相似文献
18.
A partial instructional module on global and regional land use/cover change: assessing the data and searching for general relationships 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
Susanne C. Moser 《GeoJournal》1996,39(3):241-283
Land use/cover change has occurred at all times in all parts of the world. Most affected and involved in these processes are the environmental spheres of water, soil, and vegetative cover, which are closely linked to geomorphology, climate, fauna, and especially human societies. These linkages between spheres are highly complex and, as of yet, incompletely understood. The most profound questions with respect to land use/cover and global change are: “What forces drive land use/land cover change?”, “What impacts — direct and indirect, now and in the future — do these changes have on the environment and on human society?” and “Can and should we, and if so, how, respond to these changes?” This partial teaching module, developed under the auspices of the Second Commission on College Geography of the Association of American Geographers, introduces students to the complexities inherent in these questions, but mainly focusses on the first of these. It illustrates the central role of the study of land land use/cover change within the large field of global environmental and climatic change, and is thus a good unit to introduce this area of interest. 相似文献
19.
This paper describes the spatiotemporal changes pertaining to land use land cover (LULC) and the driving forces behind these changes in Doodhganga watershed of Jhelum Basin. An integrated approach utilizing remote sensing and geographic information system (GIS) was used to extract information pertaining to LULC change. Multi-date LULC maps were generated by analyzing remotely sensed images of three dates which include LandSat TM 1992, LandSat ETM+ 2001 and IRS LISS-III 2005. The LULC information was extracted by adopting on-screen image interpretation technique in a GIS environment at 1:25,000 scale. Based on the analysis, changes were observed in the spatial extent of different LULC types over a period of 13 years. Significant changes were observed in the spatial extent of forest, horticulture, built-up and agriculture. Forest cover in the watershed has decreased by 1.47 %, Agricultural by 0.93 % while as built-up area has increased by 0.92 %. The net decrease in forest cover and agriculture land indicate the anthropogenic interference into surrounding natural ecosystems. From the study it was found that the major driving forces for these changes were population growth and changes in the stream discharge. The changes in the stream discharge were found responsible for the conversion of agricultural land into horticulture, as horticulture has increased by 1.14 % in spatial extent. It has been found that increasing human population together with decreasing stream discharge account for LULC changes in the watershed. Therefore, the existing policy framework needs to focus upon mitigating the impacts of forces responsible for LULC change so as to ensure sustainable development of land resources. 相似文献
20.
Roy W. Spencer 《GeoJournal》2007,70(1):11-14
Al Gore’s movie An Inconvenient Truth gives a variety of unusually biased interpretations of the state of climate science and global warming theory. These cover
a wide range of natural events and processes which could potentially be impacted by global warming, but which the movie misrepresents
as clear examples of the human influence on climate. A few examples include the mixing up of cause and effect in his graphical
portrayal of temperature and carbon dioxide variations over hundreds of thousands of years; the repeated depiction of ice
calving from glaciers as a sign of global warming; the implication that Hurricane Katrina was the fault of humans; and the
particularly extreme view that the Greenland ice sheet will melt, flooding coastal cities worldwide. Ultimately, all of these
are related to the widespread perception that scientists have uniquely tied global warming to anthropogenic greenhouse gas
emissions. The real inconvenient truth is that science has no idea how much of recent warming is natural versus the result
of human activities. 相似文献