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1.
文章对烂沙洋海区的3个钻孔进行的沉积学、古生物学和年代学的分析,就烂沙洋的稳定性进行了研究。在千年尺度上,研究区一直处在相对稳定的环境,钻孔所揭示的沉积速率为2.16~4.67mm/a,水深变化幅度不大;在C孔所在的深槽区,有12m的以包卷层理、扰动层理为特征的淤积层,颗石的特点显示其来源于水深较浅处,通过1992年、1994年和2003年共3个时段的海图对比,该淤积层形成于近年,结合其沉积结构分析,该淤积层应为与事件相伴的事件沉积,工作区的整体冲淤基本平衡。 相似文献
2.
颗石藻生烃的热模拟实验研究 总被引：7，自引：0，他引：7
对同一种属但生长在不同环境中的两种颗石藻进行了加热模拟实验，探讨其成烃机理。实验发现，颗石菏含有丰富的石油烃类，加热生成的正构烷烃及类异戊二烯烷烃分布与含颗石烃源岩相似。对颗石藻生烃的热演化规律研究表明，氯仿沥青大量产生及烃类组成发生较大变化的实验温度区间为２００－３００℃，此阶段产物相当于镜质体反射率为Ｒ为０．３５－０．５５的含颗石藻烃的源岩，为低成熟原油生成阶段。本文还研究了颗石藻热模拟产物中 相似文献
3.
颗石藻元素地球化学研究进展 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
颗石藻元素地球化学研究在古海洋学研究中有着重要意义。目前开始研究的主要有Sr/Ca和Mg/Ca比值。研究发现,颗石的Sr/Ca比值主要受颗石藻生长和钙化速度控制,其次受温度影响;而Mg/Ca比值主要与温度有关,属种间受影响程度有差别。样品清洗和单种分离是颗石藻元素地球化学分析的重点和难点。倒置显微镜挑出单种颗石是目前最为方便且准确的分析方法。颗石Sr/Ca比值可以用来反映古生产力,Mg/Ca比值可以用来重建古温度。 相似文献
4.
微生物碳酸盐岩是当前沉积学的研究热点之一,但关于古近系湖相微生物碳酸盐岩的报道还非常少。为探讨山东平邑盆地古近系官庄组中段湖相微生物碳酸盐岩的形成机理,笔者进行了野外实测以及室内偏光显微镜和扫描电镜观察。研究结果认为：（1）研究区微生物碳酸盐岩主要有核形石、叠层石和凝块石;（2）在核形石、叠层石和凝块石内部均发现了球状微生物化石、席状体和凝块状泥晶等微生物成因的显微组构,表明了它们形成过程中共同的生长、粘结和钙化等微生物作用;（3）微生物作用对环境变化比较敏感,水体较小、变化频繁的湖泊环境,对微生物碳酸盐岩结构和形态的发育有很大影响;核形石、叠层石和凝块石的形成环境大致呈现出水动力依次减弱、陆源碎屑物质依次减少、水深依次加大的规律;（4）提出了研究区微生物碳酸盐岩的成因模式,认为这3种微生物碳酸盐岩正是以微生物活动为共同基础,在不同的环境条件下形成的。 相似文献
5.
<正> 我国东南沿海,无论近岸盆地还是近海盆地,都有海相第三系分布。不少层位有丰富的颗石藻类化石。70年代以来,台湾省的地质古生物学工作者对台湾岛及邻近海域第三纪颗石藻类做了研究,发表了许多论文。近十余年海上石油地质勘探的发展,颗石藻类的研究成果陆续问世。为了更好地适应海上石油勘探开发的需要,本文介绍第三纪颗石藻类生物地层带的应 相似文献
6.
露头剖面层序中的海平面变化研究 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
在以往的沉积研究中，常常用露头剖面中的相对水深变化来讨论海平面的变化规律，本文通过对塔里木盆地北部寒武纪反映相对海平面变化的上超点变化曲线与肖尔布拉克地区寒武系露头剖面中相对水深变化曲线的对比研究发现，上超点变化曲线与相对水深变化曲线具有明显的差异，前者在寒武纪呈持续上升趋势，而后者除早期有一快速上升外，总体呈持续下降趋势，这说明相对水深变化虽与海平面变化存在着本质的联系，但单凭露头剖面中相对水深 相似文献
7.
渤海湾盆地南堡凹陷古近系沙河街组的古水体特征研究程度较低。以南堡凹陷南部为例,采用多种方法,分析了沙河街组一段沉积时期水体的古盐度和古水深。根据Sr/Ba值、Rb/K值和特殊藻类化石,认为其古盐度为微咸—半咸。通过Sr/Cu值和孢粉化石2种手段,恢复了研究区沙河街组一段沉积时期的古气候,认为其为潮湿气候但存在干湿波动。根据Mn/Fe值变化、干酪根类型和藻类化石以及似瘤田螺的发现,恢复了该时期的相对古水深,并结合自生黏土矿物、沉积构造和沉积相等,通过加权平均值的方法定量计算古水深,得出研究区沙一段中亚段顶部沉积时期水体较浅,为4~15,m,而沙一段下亚段沉积时期水体较深,为4~30,m。综合分析认为,南堡凹陷南部沙河街组一段沉积时期的古盐度和古水深在一定程度上取决于古气候条件和古地形背景。 相似文献
8.
在以往的沉积学研究中，常常用剖面中的相对水深变化来讨论海平面的变化规律。本文通过对塔里木盆地北部寒武纪上超点变化曲线与肖尔布拉克地区寒武系露头剖面中相对水深变化曲线的对比研究发现，上超点变化曲线与相对水深变化曲线具有明显的差异，前者在寒武纪呈持续上升趋势，而后者除早期有一快速上升外，总体呈持续下降趋势，这说明相对水深变化虽与海平面变化存在着本质的联系，但单凭露头剖面中相对水深变化的研究是难以对海平面变化作出正确估价的，还必须综合考虑基底沉降、沉积物供给等多种因素的影响。计算机模拟结果也证实了，在碳酸盐台地的浅水处，当基底沉降速率较低时，无论是海平面上升还是下降时期，相对水深均呈现持续下降趋势。为了能从露头剖面的地层层序中来了解海平面的变化规律，本文应用作者改进后的Ｆｉｓｃｈｅｒ图解和数学方法对肖尔布拉克寒武系剖面进行了海平面变化的重建，结果发现，它们与上超点变化曲线的变化趋势完全一致。这充分说明了海平面变化对沉积层序的控制作用，同时也告诉我们，不能简单地利用露头剖面中的相对水深变化来研究地质历史时期的海平面变化规律。只有在排除了不同沉积背景上基底沉降速率和沉积物供给速率对沉积层序的控制效应后，才能从露头剖面? 相似文献
9.
南海北部崖19-1-1井晚第三纪有孔虫动物群演替与古水深变化 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
依据现代海洋中有孔虫动物群的分布与环境之间的关系 ,即在一定限度内有孔虫动物群的丰度和分异度随水深增加而增加 ,有孔虫动物群的组合面貌随之发生规律性变化 ,对南海北部琼东南盆地崖 1 9-1 -1井晚第三纪有孔虫动物群进行了定量研究。通过对有孔虫动物群的丰度、分异度、辛普松指数、信息函数熵、多变度、优势度、浮游有孔虫百分含量及底栖有孔虫内生种与外生种的比值逐样计算和统计 ,讨论了陆架海区有孔虫动物群的演替与古水深变化的关系。研究认为崖 1 9-1 -1井晚第三纪以来古水深变化的总趋势为逐渐增大 ,至上新世早中期出现外浅海至半深海环境 ,为古水深最大时期 ,随后水深则逐渐减小。 相似文献
10.
塔里木盆地北部寒武纪海平面变化研究 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
在以往的沉积学研究中，常常用剖面中的相对水深变化来讨论海平面的变化规律。本文通过对塔里木盆地北部寒武纪上超点变化曲线与肖尔布拉克地区寒武系露头剖面中相对水深变化曲线的对比研究发现，上超点变化曲线与相对水深变化曲线具有明显的差异，前者在寒武纪呈持续上升趋势，而后者除早期有一快速上升外，总体呈持续下降趋势，这说明相对水深变化虽与海平面变化存在着本质的联系，但单凭露头剖面中相对水深变化的研究是难以对海平面变化作出正确估价的，还必须综合考虑基底沉降、沉积物供给等多种因素的影响。计算机模拟结果也证实了，在碳酸盐台地的浅水处，当基底沉降速率较低时，无论是海平面上升还是下降时期，相对水深均呈现持续下降趋势。为了能从露头剖面的地层层序中来了解海平面的变化规律，本文应用作者改进后的Ｆｉｓｃｈｅｒ图解和数学方法对肖尔布拉克寒武系剖面进行了海平面变化的重建，结果发现，它们与上超点变化曲线的变化趋势完全一致。这充分说明了海平面变化对沉积层序的控制作用，同时也告诉我们，不能简单地利用露头剖面中的相对水深变化来研究地质历史时期的海平面变化规律。只有在排除了不同沉积背景上基底沉降速率和沉积物供给速率对沉积层序的控制效应后，才能从露头剖面 相似文献
11.
G. N. Baturin 《Doklady Earth Sciences》2012,444(2):729-733
The concentrations of 13 macroelements and 36 microelements are determined in calcareous deposits from recent basins, namely, the Black Sea (coccolith and sapropel oozes), the Namibian shelf (diatomaceous oozes), and the Peruvian shelf (diatomaceous-terrigenous oozes). The essential similarity of the composition of the microelements is established for all three types of sediments, including calcareous, terrigenous, and siliceous sediments. The comparison of these data with the average composition of the world shales reveals similar trends of microelement distribution, which supports the former hypothesis about the comparable environment of formation of both ancient and some modern basins. 相似文献
12.
The water column flow velocity of 36 river sections in the river reach between Hankou (Wuhan) and Wuxue of the middle-lower
Changjiang River. Their cross sectional distribution patterns in relation to the river channel morphologies were examined
by using ship-mounted ADCP (Acoustic Doppler Current Profiler) instrument. The results indicate four (I-VI) types of river
channel morphology associated flow patterns: I—laterally deepening riverbed topographic pattern; II—symmetrical to asymmetrical
riverbed topographic pattern; III—relative flat riverbed topographic pattern, and IV—sandbar supported riverbed topographic
pattern. All these correspond to the different patterns of flow velocity distribution. The maximum flow velocity is usually
related to the deeper water depth, but irregular water column distribution of flow current velocity results often from the
vortices’ current associated with river knots. Deeper river water depth is usually identified in the river reach located slightly
downstream to the river knot, where faster flow velocity occurs. Downward change in flow velocity fits semi-log law, showing
an exponential decreasing flow current with the maximum flow velocity near the water surface. However, in the river reach
near the river knots, the water column distribution of flow current velocity does not fit the semi-log law, showing the irregular
flow current pattern. This study, in context of river catchment management, highlights the controls of riverbed morphology
to the flow current structure, which will shed light on the post study of Three Gorges damming in 2009. 相似文献
13.
陕北黄土区切沟密集,地形支离破碎,地形与植被共同作用下土壤水分状况较为复杂。通过长期定位观测深剖面土壤含水量,分析了流域分水线深层土壤水分时空动态及干层分布特征。研究结果表明:生长季0~3 m土层土壤水分亏缺,生长季后1.2 m以上土层亏缺水分得到补充,但该深度以下土壤水分含量未得到恢复,其中2.6~6.4 m深度范围缺水严重,流域分水线土壤水分含量出现明显的垂直分层现象;各观测点土壤含水量随深度的分布曲线、极值出现深度和干层深度范围不同,剖面干层随各分水线走向表现出不连续分布的特点;分水线干层平均起始深度为2.03 m,厚度为0.4~8 m,干层土壤含水量均值为9.03%,干层厚度与起始深度和干层土壤含水量均呈负相关关系。比较而言,陕北黄土高原干层发育严重程度较突出。相关研究结果可为流域土壤水资源分布及土壤水库功能评价提供理论依据。 相似文献
14.
15.
Morphology and genesis of nodular chalks and hardgrounds in the Upper Cretaceous of southern England 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
The Upper Cretaceous chalks of southern England are a thick sequence of rhythmically bedded, bioturbated coccolith micrites, deposited in an outer shelf environment in water depths which varied between 50 and 200–300 m. The products of sea floor cementation are widely represented in the sequence, and a series of stages of progressive lithification can be recognized. These began with a pause in sedimentation and the formation of an omission surface, followed by (a) growth of discrete nodules below the sediment-water interface to form a nodular chalk, erosion of which produced intraformational conglomerates. (b) Further growth and fusion of nodules into continuous or semicontinuous layers: incipient hardgrounds. (c) Scour, which exposed the layer as a true hardground. At this stage, the exposed lithified chalk bottom was subject to boring and encrustation by a variety of organisms, whilst calcium carbonate was frequently replaced by glauconite and phosphate to produce superficial mineralized zones. In many cases, the processes of sedimentation, cementation, exposure and mineralization were repeated several times, producing composite hardgrounds built up of a series of layers of cemented and mineralized chalk, indicating a long and complex diagenetic history. Petrographic study of early cemented chalks indicates lithification was the result of the precipitation of small crystals on and between coccoliths and coccolith fragments. By analogy with known occurrences of early lithification in Recent deeper water carbonates, the cement is believed to have been either high magnesian calcite or aragonite, and more probably the former. The vast scale of operations involved in the cementation process precludes carbonate in expelled pore fluids as the source of cement, whilst quantities of aragonite incorporated in sediment are also inadequate. This, plus the observed association of horizons of early lithification with pauses in sedimentation associated with omission surfaces suggests seawater as a source of cementing materials. Stratigraphic studies indicate that processes of early lithification leading to hardground formation proceeded to completion in intervals to be measured in tens or hundreds of years. Regional studies suggest that early lithification characterized relatively shallow water phases associated with regional regression over the whole of the area, whilst in detail, the distribution of mature mineralized hardground complexes is strongly correlated with sedimentary thinning and condensation over small areas and the buried flanks of massifs. Early cementation in more basinal areas is typically in the form of nodular developments and incipient hardgrounds, whilst day contents in excess of a few percent appear to have inhibited early lithification. The striking rhythmicity of hardgrounds and nodular chalks is no more than a particular expression of the overall rhythmicity of chalk sequences. The stage of early lithification reached in any instance is dependent on sediment type, the time interval represented by the associated omission surface and the degree of associated scour and erosion (if any). Chalk hardgrounds differ from most others described in the geological literature in their widespread distribution (individual hardgrounds may cover up to 1500 km2), the presence of striking glauconite and phosphate replacements of lithified carbonate matrices, their frequently sparse epifaunas, and boring infaunas dominated by clionid sponges. These differences reflect the deeper water shelf setting of the chalk, and the more open marine, oceanic circulatory system, both strikingly different from the setting of other, shallower water hardgrounds. Litho- and biostratigraphic variation in the chalk sequences of the area studied are summarized in an appendix. 相似文献
16.
为进一步增加矩分析理论在研究沟灌土壤湿润体运移特性方面的实用性,采用数值模拟和理论分析相结合的方法,定量分析了土壤初始含水率、入渗水深、沟底宽和边坡系数等因素对沟灌自由入渗条件下土壤湿润体空间矩特征参数的影响,并建立了其与主要影响因素间的函数关系式。结果表明,土壤初始含水率、入渗水深和沟底宽对垂直向土壤水分分布的质量重心影响较大;水平向湿润锋的平均离散度主要受土壤初始含水率、入渗水深、沟底宽和边坡系数的影响,而垂直向对土壤初始含水率和入渗水深变化的敏感性较高;选取不同土壤质地对所建模型的可靠性进行了验证,结果表明所建模型估算不同入渗时刻的空间矩特征参数值与根据HYDRUS软件模拟结果所得计算值具有高度一致性,所有验证组合条件下两者相对误差绝对值均值均低于8.5%,且无显著性差异,说明所建模型估算沟灌土壤湿润体空间矩特征参数具有高度可靠性。研究结果可为沟灌灌水方案设计和管理提供理论基础和技术支撑。 相似文献
17.
为了探究江苏东台条子泥围垦区的水盐分布规律,揭示圆环状植被分布与土壤水盐条件的关系,于2019年9月对围垦区内用作湿地恢复的区域进行测量和采样。在植被环附近测量了二维、三维大地电阻率,采集降水、地表水、土壤、地下水等样品,测试样品的水盐指标和D、18O同位素组成。结果表明:植被圆环下方3 m深度内均存在对应的高电阻率/低盐度区域,且随着植被类型由中心向外环变化,对应的土壤水盐度也逐渐增大;土壤水盐度是不同植被呈现圆环状分布的重要影响因素,其变化受降水入渗和土壤蒸发引起的盐分集结共同作用;土壤盐度直接影响了不同植被种群的分布格局,而植被对入渗和蒸发过程的影响也反作用于土壤盐度分布。 相似文献
18.
Continuous culture of the coccolithophorid Emiliania huxleyi reveals that coccolith Sr/Ca ratios depend on temperature and growth rate. At a constant temperature of 18°C, coccolith Sr/Ca ratios increased nearly 15% as growth rate increased from 0.1 to 1.5 divisions per day and calcification rate increased from 1.5 to 50 pg calcite per cell per day. When temperature increased from 7 to 26°C, Sr/Ca ratios increased by more than 25% (i.e., 1%/1°C), although the range in growth and calcification rates was the same as for experiments at constant temperature. The temperature dependence of Sr/Ca ratios in coccoliths is consistent with that observed in planktonic foraminifera and abiogenic calcites, suggesting that it is controlled by thermodynamic processes. However, the positive correlation of coccolith Sr/Ca with temperature contrasts with field studies in the equatorial Pacific, where Sr/Ca ratios are highest at the locus of maximum upwelling and productivity despite depressed temperatures. This paradox may reflect different calcification rate effects between E. huxleyi and the other species dominating assemblages in the equatorial Pacific sediments, which may be resolved by new techniques for separation of monospecific coccolith samples from sediments. Models of crystal growth indicate that kinetic effects on Sr partitioning in calcite due to surface enrichment could explain the Sr/Ca variations observed in constant temperature experiments but not the larger amplitude calcification rate effects observed in equatorial Pacific sediments. Despite the dual influence of temperature and growth rate on coccolith Sr/Ca, coccolith Sr/Ca correlates with “b,” the slope of the dependence of carbon isotope fractionation in biomarkers (εp) on CO2(aq) at a range of growth rates and temperatures. Consequently, using coccolith Sr/Ca in combination with alkenone εp may improve paleo-CO2 determinations. 相似文献
19.
JOHANNES SIMSTICH HELMUT ERLENKEUSER INGO HARMS ROBERT F. SPIELHAGEN VLADIMIR STANOVOY 《Boreas: An International Journal of Quaternary Research》2005,34(3):252-263
River discharge of Ob and Yenisei to the Kara Sea is highly variable on seasonal and interannual time scales. River water dominates the shallow bottom water near the river mouths, making it warmer and less saline but seasonally and interannually more changeable than bottom water on the deeper shelf. This hydrographic pattern shows up in measurements and modelling, and in stable isotope records (δ18O, δ13C) along the growth axis of bivalve shells and in multiple analyses of single benthic foraminiferal shells. Average isotope ratios increase, but sample-internal variability decreases with water depth and distance from river mouths. However, isotope records of bivalves and foraminifera of a sediment core from a former submarine channel of Yenisei River reveal a different pattern. The retreat of the river mouth from this site due to early Holocene sea level rise led to increasing average isotope values up core, but not to the expected decrease of the in-sample isotope variability. Southward advection of cold saline water along the palaeo-river channel probably obscured the hydrographic variability during the early Holocene. Later, when sediment filled the channel, the hydrographic variability at the core location remained low, because the shallowing proceeded synchronously with the retreat of the river mouth. 相似文献