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1.
《中国海洋湖沼学报》2016,(1)
Until recently,little was known about the fungi found in shark gills and their biomedicinal potential. In this article,we described the isolation,bioactivity,diversity,and secondary metabolites of bioactive fungi from the gill of a shark(Carcharodon carcharias). A total of 115 isolates were obtained and grown in 12 culture media. Fifty-eight of these isolates demonstrated significant activity in four antimicrobial,pesticidal,and cytotoxic bioassay models. Four randomly selected bioactive isolates inhibited human cancer cell proliferation during re-screening. These active isolates were segregated into 6 genera using the internal transcribed spacer-large subunit(ITS-LSU) rDNA-sequence BLAST comparison. Four genera,Penicillium,Aspergillus,Mucor,and Chaetomium were the dominant taxa. A phylogenic tree illustrated their intergenera and intragenera genetic diversity. HPLC-DAD-HRMS analysis and subsequent database searching revealed that nine representative strains produced diverse bioactive compound profiles. These results detail the broad range of bioactive fungi found in a shark's gills,revealing their biopharmaceutical potential. To the best of our knowledge,this is the first study characterizing shark gill fungi and their bioactivity. 相似文献
2.
Until recently, little was known about the fungi found in shark gills and their biomedicinal potential. In this article, we described the isolation, bioactivity, diversity, and secondary metabolites of bioactive fungi from the gill of a shark (Carcharodon carcharias). A total of 115 isolates were obtained and grown in 12 culture media. Fifty-eight of these isolates demonstrated significant activity in four antimicrobial, pesticidal, and cytotoxic bioassay models. Four randomly selected bioactive isolates inhibited human cancer cell proliferation during re-screening. These active isolates were segregated into 6 genera using the internal transcribed spacer-large subunit (ITS-LSU) rDNA-sequence BLAST comparison. Four genera, Penicillium, Aspergillus, Mucor, and Chaetomium were the dominant taxa. A phylogenic tree illustrated their intergenera and intragenera genetic diversity. HPLC-DAD-HRMS analysis and subsequent database searching revealed that nine representative strains produced diverse bioactive compound profiles. These results detail the broad range of bioactive fungi found in a shark’s gills, revealing their biopharmaceutical potential. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first study characterizing shark gill fungi and their bioactivity. 相似文献
3.
从徐闻珊瑚保护区的8种珊瑚中分离共附生真菌,以获得珊瑚共附生可培养真菌的多样性信息。选用5种培养基,采用平板涂布法培养分离共附生真菌,并进行形态鉴定。8种珊瑚共分离121株真菌,鉴定了其中97株真菌,分属于14个属,青霉属和枝孢霉为优势种属,其次是曲霉属和木霉属。二异角孔珊瑚上分离出22株,数量最多;盔型珊瑚上分离菌株数量最少仅8株。除优势种属外,不同珊瑚样品上真菌种类分布有较大差异,炭角菌属和葡萄穗霉菌属均来源于盔形珊瑚,镰刀菌属在盔形珊瑚和角孔珊瑚上较为常见,盔形珊瑚样品上还分离出2株散囊菌属,1株节菱孢属,因此盔形珊瑚的种群最为丰富;不同培养基分离真菌的能力不同,淀粉培养基分离的菌株最多占所有分离菌株的30.6%,CDA培养基最少,但种类特异。 相似文献
4.
The Okinawa Trough is different from other typical backarc spreading basins because the acidic vol-canic rock(pumice)is extensively distributed in it.Systematic mineralogical and petrochemical study on arepresentative core(Z14—5)to characterize the magmatic evolution of the Trough during its early spreading stage showed that the pumice magma was originally from the mantle,but underwent full crystallizationdifferentiation and was possibly contaminated by crust-derived material.With time,the acidic volcanic ac-tivities of the Okinawa Trough have an evolutional tendency of shifting to relatively basic magma activity.With further spreading of the Trough the magmatic activity will be intensified and the crust of the Troughwill develop from the transitional type to the oceanic type. 相似文献
5.
《中国海洋湖沼学报》2020,(2)
Trimethylamine N-oxide(TMAO) is one of the most important nutrients for bacteria in the deep-sea environment and is capable of improving pressure tolerance of certain bacterial strains.To assess the impact of TMAO on marine microorganisms,especially those dwelling in the deep-sea environment,we analyzed the bacterial community structure of deep-sea sediments after incubated under different conditions.Enrichments at 50 MPa and 0.1 MPa revealed that TMAO imposed a greater influence on bacterial diversity and community composition at atmospheric pressure condition than that under high hydrostatic pressure(HHP).We found that pressure was the primary factor that determines the bacterial community.Meanwhile,in total,238 bacterial strains were isolated from the enrichments,including 112 strains a ffiliated to 16 genera of 4 phyla from the Yap Trench and 126 strains a ffiliated to 11 genera of 2 phyla from the Mariana Trench.Treatment of HHP reduced both abundance and diversity of isolates,while the presence of TMAO mainly af fected the diversity of isolates obtained.In addition,certain genera were isolated only when TMAO was supplemented.Taken together,we demonstrated that pressure primarily defines the bacterial community and culturable bacterial isolates.Furthermore,we showed for the first time that TMAO had distinct influences on bacterial community depending on the pressure condition.The results enriched the understanding of the significance of TMAO in bacterial adaptation to the deep-sea environment. 相似文献
6.
Chen Wenbin 《中国海洋湖沼学报》1987,5(3):222-227
Fourteen species of Radiolaria described in this paper were discovered from surface sediments of the East China Sea, the South
China Sea and the cores of the Okinawa Trough. Type specimens are deposited in the Second Institute of Oceanography, SOA. 相似文献
7.
李乃胜 《中国海洋湖沼学报》2001,19(3):255-264
The Okinawa Trough is a very active tectonic zone at the margin of the Northwest Pacific and is typical of back-arc rifting at the young stage of tectonic evolution. Many scientists from Japan,China, Germany, France, the U. S.A. and Russia have done a lot of geologic and geophysical investigations there. It is well known that the Okinawa Trough is an active back-arc rift with extremely high heat flow, very strong hydrothermal circulation, strong volcanic and magmatic activity, frequent earthquakes,rapid subsidence and rifting, well-developed fault and central graben. But up to now, there are still some important tectonic problems about the Okinawa Trough that require clarification on some aspects such as the type of its crust, its forming time, its tectonic evolution, the distribution of its central grabens, the relationship between its high heat flow and tectonic activity. Based on the data obtained from seismic sur-vey, geomagnetic and gravity measurements, submarine sampling and heat flow measurements in the last 15 years, the author discusses the following tectonic problems about the Okinawa Trough: (1) If the Okinawa Trough develops oceanic crust or not. (2) Is the South Okinawa Trough tectonically more active than the North Okinawa Trough with shallower water and few investigation data on it. (3) The formation time of the Okinawa Trough and its tectonic evolution. The Okinawa Trough has a very thin continental crust. Up to now, there is no evidence of oceanic crust in the Okinawa Trough. The North, Middle and South Okinawa Trough are all very strongly active areas. From 6 Ma B.P. , the Okinawa Trough began to form. Since 2 Ma, the Okinawa Trough has been very active. 相似文献
8.
Hu Qiannan Zhang Xin Jiang Fuqing Wang Bing Luan Zhendong Chen Chang’an Yan Jun 《中国海洋湖沼学报》2017,35(4):947-955
Thirty sediment subsamples were recovered from the Iheya North hydrothermal field(with an average of 38 m away from the hydrothermal vent) in the middle Okinawa Trough.Samples were obtained by the ROV(Remote Operated Vehicle) Faxian during the virgin cruise of the R/V Kexue in 2014 with the application of push cores.The chemical compositions of the sediments show that the hydrothermal sediments near the hydrothermal vent are mainly composed of SO_3,ZnO and Fe_2O_3.Moreover,the hydrothermal sediments are also highly enriched in Pb,As,Sb,Hg,Se,Ag,Ba,Mo and Cd comparing with previous analysis results.On the other hand,the concentrations of Sr,Hg and Ag in studied sediments are strongly and positively correlated,these elements can be used as an hydrothermal indicator.In addition,a factor analysis of the sediments suggested that the sediments were mainly influenced by hydrothermal origin,and terrestrial and biogenic input are limited in studied area.It is also suggested that different stages of crystallization were involved in the formation of hydrothermal chimney from factor analysis. 相似文献
9.
According to the distribution of spores, pollen and algae in the surface sediments, Okinawa Trough may be divided into three
palynological regions: 1)Pinus-Quercus-Pteridium palynological region lying between the two slopes of Okinawa Trough, 2)Pinus-Castanopsis-Quercus palynological region lying north of the trough and 3)Pinus-Quercus-Polypodiaceae palynological region lying south of the trough. Comparing the sporo-pollen assemblages of the column sections
with each other, five sporo-pollen zones have been distinguished and their ages determined. Four problems about the palynology
of the trough sediments have been discussed.
This paper was published in Chinese inOceanologia et Limnologia Sinica
13(5): 440–450, 1982. 相似文献
10.
Jiang Shanchun John K. Volkman Teresa O'Leary Zhang Huizhi Luan Zuofeng 《中国海洋湖沼学报》1993,11(4):343-350
Compositional data on the sterol and alcohol fractions isolated from deep-sea marine sediments from the Okinawa Trough were
obtained to determine the relative contribution from marine and terrestrial inputs. Following extraction, the sterol plus
alcohol fraction was isolated by layer chromatography, derivatized with BSTFA and then analysed by capillary GC and GC—MS.
A suite of C26−C29 stenols and stanols and C30−C32 keto—alcohols were identified in the sediments. The thermal stability of the compounds in these sediments was studied by
heating portions of the surface sediment in glass tubes for 16 hours at temperatures from 50°C to 200°C. The C27 stanol/stenol ratio increased when temperatures went up to 175°C, but the distribution of C30−C32 Keto—alcohols remained unaffected. At 200°C most of the sterols and Keto—alcohols were destroyed.
Supported by the National Natural Foundation of China. 相似文献
11.
The tectonics beneath the Okinawa Trough 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Jin Xianglong 《中国海洋湖沼学报》1984,2(1):73-80
The nature of the crust of the Okinawa Trough is different from that of the continental shelf in the East China Sea. The crust
beneath the Trough is in transformation from continental to oceanic and the depth of MOHO in the northern section of the Trough
is deeper than in the southern section. Thick sedimentary strata of Neogene and Pleistocene ages are deposited in the Okinawa
Trough, and divided into three layers: the upper horizontal layer, the middle layer lightly folded and the lower deformed
layer. They were formed in Pleistocene, Pliocene, and Miocene to Paleogene, respectively. The tectonic movement in the southern
section is stronger than that in the northern section. Some volcanic seamounts appear on the bottom of the Trough. On both
slopes of the Trough are developed many normal faults and the intrusive igneous rocks. The Okinawa Trough, the back-arc basin,
is an embryonic marginal basin in rifting and spreading. The formation of the Okinawa Trough started in the early Pliocene.
The transformation of crust and the growth of the Trough progressed from the southern to the northern section. The southern
section is a true trough in tectonic sense.
Contribution No. 986 from the Institute of Oceanology, Academia Sinica.
The paper was presented in the PS-11 of IAPSO Symposium, 18th General Assembly IUGG, Hamburg, 22 August 1983. 相似文献
12.
To investigate the relationship between volcanic activity and sediment record on regional and temporal scales,158 surface sediment samples were collected from the East China Sea Shelf to the northern Okinawa Trough (OT),and two cores recovered in the northern and southern OT,respectively.Mineralogy,grain-size,and geochemical analyses of those samples show that:1) volcanic glass,volcanic-type pyroxene,hypersthenes,and magnetite increase in sediment influenced by volcanic activity;2) sediment grain sizes (and... 相似文献
13.
从南海海域的鱼类、贝类、海藻以及海泥样品中分离出199株海洋真菌,分属于青霉属、曲霉属和酵母属等9个属,其中以青霉属和曲霉属真菌居多,分别占28.6%和26.8%。以大肠杆菌和金黄色葡萄球菌作为指示菌,筛选出抑菌活性菌株7株,其中2株既抗大肠杆菌又抗金黄色葡萄球菌,4株抗金黄色葡萄球菌,1株抗大肠杆菌。 相似文献
14.
This article presents the evidence in support of the direct magma degassing as the principal mechanism of volatiles releasing
into the hydrothermal fluids in the Okinawa Trough, as contrasted to the argument for the hydrothermal stripping of volatiles
from the volcanic rocks.
Laser Raman microprobe and stepped-heating techniques are employed to determine the compositions and contents of the volatiles
in pumices in the middle Okinawa Trough. The results show that the volatiles are similar to the gases in the hydrothermal
fluids and hydrothermal minerals in composition, the mean percent content of each component and variation trend. This indicates
the direct influence of magma degassing on the hydrothermal fluid. In addition, the contents of volatiles in pumices are rather
low and do not support the hydrothermal stripping as the main mechanism to enrich the fluids with gases. The results are consistent
with the idea that the direct magma degassing is more important than hydrothermal stripping in supplying gases to the hydrothermal
fluids in the Okinawa Trough. 相似文献
15.
Yin Qunjian Zhang Weijia Li Xuegong Zhou Lihong Qi Xiaoqing Zhang Chan Wu Long-Fei 《中国海洋湖沼学报》2019,37(1):210-222
Trimethylamine N-oxide (TMAO) is widely dispersed in marine environments and plays an important role in the biogeochemical cycle of nitrogen. Diverse marine bacteria utilize TMAO as carbon and nitrogen sources or as electron acceptor in anaerobic respiration. Alteration of respiratory component according to the pressure is a common trait of deep-sea bacteria. Deep-sea bacteria from different genera harbor high hydrostatic pressure (HHP) inducible TMAO reductases that are assumed to be constitutively expressed in the deep-sea piezosphere and facilitating quick reaction to TMAO released from fish which is a potential nutrient for bacterial growth. However, whether deep-sea bacteria universally employ this strategy remains unknown. In this study, 237 bacterial strains affiliated to 23 genera of Proteobacteria, Bacteroidetes, Firmicutes and Actinobacteria were isolated from seawater, sediment or amphipods collected at different depths. The pressure tolerance and the utilization of TMAO were examined in 74 strains. The results demonstrated no apparent correlation between the depth where the bacteria inhabit and their pressure tolerance, regarding to our samples. Several deep-sea strains from the genera of Alteromonas, Halomonas, Marinobacter, Photobacterium, and Vibrio showed capacity of TMAO utilization, but none of the isolated Acinebacter, Bacillus, Brevundimonas, Muricauda, Novosphingobium, Rheinheimera, Sphingobium and Stenotrophomonas did, indicating the utilization of TMAO is a species-specific feature. Furthermore, we noticed that the ability of TMAO utilization varied among strains of the same species. TMAO has greater impact on the growth of deep-sea isolates of Vibrio neocaledonicus than shallow-water isolates. Taken together, the results describe for the first time the TMAO utilization in deep-sea bacterial strains, and expand our understanding of the physiological characteristic of marine bacteria.
相似文献16.
Shen Yang 《中国海洋湖沼学报》1988,6(2):135-143
The major aim of this study is to put forwad a valid model to explain the gravity anomalies observed over the Okinawa Trough
which the crustal structure and a reasonable model of the downgoing slab themselves cannot explain. The result of inversion
indicates that the lithosphere above the center of the trough thins out to 45% of the normal thickness (63 km) of the lithosphere
of the East China Sea.
Fur ther, the originations of lithospheric force are discussed. The tensional stress of about 160 bar arising from density
contrast in the Okinawa Trough is recognized to be the most important causative factor in the stretching of the trough.
Contribution No. 1487 from Institute of Oceanology. Academia Sinica 相似文献
17.
Shikui Zhai Kun Guo Tong Zong Zenghui Yu Shujie Wang Zongwei Cai Xia Zhang 《中国海洋大学学报(英文版)》2017,16(2):233-242
Pumice, the most widely distributed volcanic rock in Okinawa Trough, is loose and porous. Since its formation, it has definitely suffered from the denudation of the sea to different degrees. In order to truly reveal the geochemical features of pumice, we choose the method of mineral separation. Firstly, the phenocryst is separated from glass. Then the phenocryst is divided into light and heavy mineral compositions. By ICP-MS (inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry) analytical technology, the contents of trace and rare earth elements in the whole pumice, the glass and the heavy and light mineral compositions are determined respectively. By researching the elemental geochemical features, the magma dynamic processes are found. It shows that the initial magma for the pumice in Okinawa Trough came from the depleted mantle, from which the N-MORB (normal type of mid-ocean ridge basalt) is formed, homologous with the local basalts. But they are formed in different periods of magma crystal fractionation. Featured with sufficient crystal fractionation for pumice, it is found that the earlier crystallizing minerals are olivine, plagioclase and pyroxene. The pumice magma, formed from the depleted mantle, was mixed with additional subduction-related materials (components), and contaminated with the mass from upper crust when it rose up into the crust. As the Okinawa Trough is a back-arc basin in its early back-arc spreading stage, its magmatism has a series of its own unique characteristics, different from not only the mid-ocean ridge expansion, but also the mature back-arc basin. 相似文献
18.
The Ryukyu trench-arc system can be divided into two types according to its subduction model. The normal subduction in the
northern part of the Philippine Sea plate creates a hinge sedimentary wedge with large deformation at the collision front,
while the oblique subduction in the southern part gives rise to a smaller accretion with small deformation than that in the
northern part. The mechanisms that cause distinction between these two types have been analysed and calculated by using gravity
data based on the lithosphere rheology and the stress state of the lithosphere in the subduction boundary. The two types of
subduction model are associated with the internal extension in the southern Okinawa Trough and the small extension in the
northern part. The difference of the stress state between the two types of subduction model is also manifested in other tectonic
features, such as topography, volcanic activity and crust movement. Modeling bathymetric and gravity data from this area suggests
that the oblique subduction of low angle, together with smooth geometry of the overlying plate crust, results in small stress
released on the south of the trench by the subduction plate. The intraplate faults in the southern Okinawa Trough behind the
trench stand in surplus intensive stress. On the other hand, the normal subduction of high angle, together with strong undulation
geometry of the overlying crust, results in more intensive stress released in the northern Ryukyu Trench than that in the
south. The intraplate faults in the northern Okinawa Trough behind the northern Ryukyu Trench stand in small stress. 相似文献
19.
《中国海洋大学学报(英文版)》2019,(6)
Many evidences for gas hydrate bearing sediments had been found in the continental slope of the East China Sea, such as bottom simulating reflections(BSRs), undersea gas springs, pyrite associated with methane leakage, mud diapirs/mud volcanos, bottom-water methane anomalies and so on. In this study, six key stratigraphic interfaces including T_0(seafloor), T_1(LGM, 23 kyr B.P.), T_2(2.58 Myr), T_3(5.33 Myr), T_4(11.02 Myr) and T_5(16.12 Myr) were identified, and then five third-order sequences of SQIII1 to SQIII5 were divided. However, T5 in southern continental slope is not found, which shows that the middle-northern Okinawa Trough had begun to rift in the early Miocene, earlier than the southern segment. Four system tracts including lowstand systems tract(LST), transgressive systems tract(TST), highstand systems tract(HST) and falling stage systems tract(FSST) are further divided. The marine erosion interface of 11.02 Myr and regressive unconformity interface of 23 kyr B.P. indicate two large-scale sea level drop events in the research area. Seven typical seismic facies identified in the continental slope are continental shelf-edge deltas, littoral fluvial-delta plains, incised channels or submarine canyons, slope fans, submarine fans or coastal sandbars, littoral-neritic finegrained sediments, mud volcanos and some other geological bodies respectively. The minimum water depth for hydrate occurrence in the Okinawa Trough is 630 m, and the thickness of gas hydrate stability zone in continental slope is between 0 and 590 m. The calculated bottom boundary of hydrate stability zone is slightly deeper than BSRs on the seismic sections. The re-depositional turbidite sand bodies, such as canyon channels, slope fans and submarine fans developed in Quaternary strata, are the predominant hydrate reservoirs. According to developing process, the dynamic accumulation of hydrate systems can be divided into three evolutionary stages including canyon erosion and hydrate stability zone migration stage, sediments destabilizing and methane leakage stage, and channel filling and hydrate re-occurrence stage. 相似文献
20.
Natural gas hydrates are considered as strategic resources with commercial potential in the 21st century. Obvious BSR characteristics
will be shown on seismic profiles, if there exist natural gas hydrates. The AVO method is one of the methods which can be
used to identify and forecast lithologic characteristics and fluid properties by using the relationship between Amplitude
and Offset. AVO anomaly is one of the significant signs to check out whether or not there is free gas below the BSR, so it
can be used to detect natural gas hydrates from the seismic profile. Considering the geological and geophysical characteristics
of the Okinawa Trough and making use of the techniques mentioned above, we can conclude that the conditions there are favorable
for the formation and concentration of natural gas hydrates. By analyzing the data collected from the study area, one can
discover many different anomalous phenomena on the seismic profile which are related to the existence of natural gas hydrates.
Preliminary estimation of the natural gas hydrates in the Okinawa Trough shows that the trough is rich in natural gas hydrates
and may become a potential important resources exploration area. 相似文献