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利用四川数字地震台网和流动地震台站在芦山MS7.0地震震后(2013年4月20日—6月23日)记录到的2026次区域地震事件的28188条P波到时资料,采用地震层析成像方法反演得到了芦山地震震源区及其周边区域中上地壳P波三维速度结构. 结果表明,浅部地壳的P波速度异常分布特征与地表地质构造、 地形和岩性密切相关,即成都断陷盆地表现出与第四纪沉积有关的低速异常区;犍为、 乐山一带的川中微升区和川青块体龙门山以西的邻近地带均表现为与构造抬升有关的高速异常;宝兴、 康定附近分布的基性火山岩及火山碎屑岩均呈局部高速异常分布. 芦山地震震源位于高低速异常分界线附近且偏向高速体一侧,其下方存在明显的低速异常分布,可能与流体的存在有关. 流体的作用导致中上地壳内部发震层的弱化,使孕震断层易于破裂,可能对芦山地震起到了触发作用. 芦山地震与汶川地震两次地震的余震密集区相距50 km,这50 km地震空区震源体的深度范围附近目前正处于高速异常区内,加之龙门山断裂带西南段又具有比较典型的断错地貌发育,使得该段地震空区(大邑—邛崃活动断裂破裂空段)现在所处的深浅部构造环境变得复杂,其潜在的地震危险性仍值得进一步关注. 相似文献
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本文联合使用云南、四川和贵州地震台网的85个地震台站在2008年1月—2017年12月期间记录的49130个地震、317366个初至Pg震相绝对到时数据和2674110条高精度的相对到时数据,采用区域双差地震层析成像方法联合反演了川滇南部地壳三维P波速度结构和39621个地震的震源参数,探究了川滇南部中下地壳流和腾冲火山区岩浆囊的分布特征.研究结果表明：（1）川滇南部上地壳的速度异常特征与地表地形密切相关;（2）小江断裂带的中下地壳存在一条绵延近二百多公里的低速异常结构,最南端受到红河断裂带的阻挡而终止于断裂带南段北侧,这可能是川滇南部的一条中下地壳流,低速异常结构在红河断裂带南段转而向南东流动反映了红河断裂带可能为川滇菱形块体的西南边界;（3）红河断裂带各段速度异常存在明显的差异,重定位后的震源分布显示红河断裂带中段和南段虽然不如北段地震活动强烈,但地震震源深度分布较北段深;（4）腾冲火山区西侧和北侧下方10~20 km深度范围内存在的低速异常体推测为通过怒江断裂带形成的岩浆通道从中地壳涌入上地壳的岩浆囊,可能反映了自更新世延续至今的以橄榄玄武岩和安山岩为主要岩性的壳内岩浆活动,持续的岩浆活动为地表热活动提供了主要动力. 相似文献
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本文联合利用甘肃及周边测震台网记录的古浪及周边地区4592次地震的P波绝对到时资料和相对到时资料,采用双差地震层析成像方法反演了古浪震源区高分辨率的三维P波速度精细结构.结果显示,浅部P波速度分布与地表地质之间具有很好的对应关系.皇城—双塔断裂带在6 km以上深度表现为高速异常带,而在6~15 km逐渐转换为明显的低速特征,之后再次转换为高速体.震区下部在10~20 km深度有一个尺度约200 km2的低速异常体,地震发生时破裂首先在该低速体发生,与主震空间位置非常吻合.主震区的岩石结构主要由奥陶纪变质砂岩、石英岩和加里东期的花岗岩等坚硬岩体组成.这种坚硬岩体对应的P波速度结构为高速体,有利于能量积累.武威盆地在20 km以上深度表现为明显的低速异常,在25 km深度之下,整体显示为高速体,表现出稳定块体的特征.表明武威盆地中下地壳和上地幔顶部已插入到冷龙岭隆起带之下.震区小震重新定位发现,皇城—双塔断裂带东、西两段表现出不同的力学运动性质,西段以逆冲运动为主,地震主要发生在断裂的下盘.而东段地震却主要发生在上盘,断层活动以局部拉张为主.我们还首次发现在皇城—双塔断裂带的中段与主破裂呈垂直方向存在有在主震发生时新产生的一条共轭断层,基于小震的断层面参数反演显示该断裂是一高倾角运动性质以右旋为主兼具正断的断裂. 相似文献
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联合芦山地震序列5285个地震的50711条P波初至绝对到时数据及7294691条高质量的相对到时数据,利用双差地震层析成像方法联合反演了芦山震源区高分辨率的三维P波速度精细结构及5115个地震震源参数.反演结果表明,芦山主震震中为30.28°N,103.98°E,震源深度为16.38km,主震南西段余震扩展长度约23km,余震前缘倾角较和缓,主震北东段余震扩展长度约12km,余震前缘呈铲形,倾角较陡.芦山震源区P波三维速度结构表现出明显的横向不均匀性,近地表处的P波速度异常与地形起伏及地质构造密切相关:宝兴杂岩对应明显的高速异常,此异常由地表延伸到地下15km深度附近,而中新生代岩石表现为低速异常;大兴附近区域亦显示出小范围的大幅度高速异常,宝兴高速异常与大兴高速异常在10km深度附近相连,进而增加了芦山震源区的高低速异常对比幅度.在芦山主震的南西、北东两段速度结构存在着较大差异,芦山主震在水平向位于宝兴及大兴高速异常所包围的低速异常的前缘.主震南西段余震主要发生在倾向北西的高低速异常转换带上并靠近低速一侧,其下盘为低速异常,上盘为高速异常.而芦山主震北东段的余震主要分布在宝兴高速体与大兴高速体之间,主发震层向北西倾斜,主发震层上方的宝兴高速异常下边界出现一条南东倾向的反冲地震带,两地震带呈"y"型分布. 相似文献
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Using over 3 500 first P arrival times recorded by nine digital seismic stations from Hainan Digital Seismic Net-work during 1999～2005,a 3-D P-wave velocity model of the crust under Hainan Island and adjacent regions has been determined. The results show that the pattern of velocity anomalies in the shallower upper crust is somewhat associated with the surface geological tectonics in the region. A relative low-velocity anomaly appears north of the Wangwu-Wenjiao fault zone and a relative high-velocity anomaly appears south of the Wangwu-Wenjiao fault zone,corresponding to the depressed areas in north Hainan Island,where many volcanoes are frequently active and geothermal values are relatively higher,and the uplifted and stable regions in central and south of the Hainan Is-land. In the middle and lower crust velocities are relatively lower in east Hainan than those in west Hainan,possi-bly suggesting the existence of the upwelling of hot materials from the mantle in east Hainan. The pattern of veloc-ity anomalies also indicates that NW faults,i.e.,the Puqian-Qinglan fault,may be shallower,while the E-W Wangwu-Wenjiao fault may be deeper,which perhaps extends down to Moho depth or deeper. 相似文献
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基于青藏高原东北缘密集宽频带野外流动观测台阵以及固定台站资料,利用双差层析成像方法对地震位置和研究区的地壳速度结构进行了反演.最终用于联合反演的地震事件合计9644个.结果显示青藏高原东北缘速度结构具有明显的横向不均匀性.从整体上看,青藏高原地区表现为低速异常,鄂尔多斯表现为高速异常,而扬子地块亦表现为高速异常.不同深度处速度结构表现不一致,同一深度处P波速度结构和S波速度结构也有明显差异.由西秦岭北缘断裂带、临潭-宕昌断裂以及礼县-罗家堡断裂围限的地震活动强烈的区域中,P波速度结构由深度0 km时呈现的低速异常,逐渐过渡到5 km时高低速相间分布的特征;而S波速度结构在此区域中,由近地表0 km时高低速相间分布的特征,逐渐过渡到30 km时几乎表现为低速异常.2017年8月8日九寨沟7级地震所在的塔藏断裂、岷江断裂和雪山断裂围限区域,在深度20 km处的P波速度结构和周围存在明显差异,九寨沟地震处于高速异常与低速异常的过渡带内.此外,2013年7月22日发生在青藏高原东北缘的岷漳县6.6级地震,震源区所在的临潭-宕昌断裂附近的P波速度结构在15 km深度处也有明显特征,震源位置所在区域也处于高低速过渡带.该区域这种地壳内部高低速过渡带可能是应力比较容易积累而发生中强地震的一个重要场所. 相似文献
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利用中国东北流动和固定台网的234个宽频带地震仪记录的远震波形数据,采用波形相关方法拾取了57251个有效相对走时残差数据,进一步采用FMTT(Fast Marching Teleseismic Tomography)层析成像的方法,反演获取了研究区下方深达800 km的P波速度结构.结果显示:在长白山下方发现有一个高速异常结构,这可能就是俯冲到欧亚大陆板块下方的太平洋板块,由于板块的部分下沉,使得板块的形状并没有呈现出明显的板片状.长白山、阿尔山、五大连池火山下方都有低速异常体,长白山和阿尔山下的低速异常向下延伸至地幔转换带,可能与其上部的火山形成有关.五大连池火山下方的低速异常向下延伸至200 km左右,不同埋深的低速异常结构可能意味着五大连池与长白山和阿尔山有着不同的成因.松辽盆地呈现以高速异常为主导高低速异常混合分布的特性,暗示松辽盆地可能有岩石圈拆沉的过程,盆地南部下方的低速异常与长白山和阿尔山下的低速异常有连通性,可能是下地幔热物质上涌的一个通道. 相似文献
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使用2011年8月至2012年8月在南北地震带南段布设的密集流动地震台站记录的波形数据,采用绝对定位方法对滇西地区的1593个地震进行了初步定位,应用近震走时层析成像方法获得了滇西地区三维地壳P波速度结构。研究结果表明,攀枝花附近的高速异常从地表可一直延伸至中地壳,并在中下地壳深度与滇西北地区的高速异常形成大范围的高速块体。这一高速异常体对青藏高原物质向南逃逸起到一定的阻挡作用,可能是导致川滇活动块体北部次级块体快速抬升的重要因素。位于印度板块与欧亚板块俯冲边界的腾冲、保山地块在下地壳表现为明显的大范围低速异常,推测该低速异常与印度板块东向俯冲引起的地幔热物质上涌有关。金沙江-红河断裂带是川滇块体重要的南部边界,红河断裂带中段的弥渡至红河一带具有高速的地壳结构以及较弱的地震活动性,可能表明该区现阶段处于闭锁状态,是未来需要重点监测的地段之一。 相似文献
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利用布设在青藏高原东北缘地区的甘肃宽频带地震台阵记录到的远震P波走时数据,采用小波域参数化和基于L1范数的稀疏约束反演算法的多尺度层析成像方法,得到了该地区400km深度范围内上地幔的P波速度结构.本文采用的多尺度层析成像方法可以自适应数据非均匀采样的情况,有效降低谱泄漏效应和反问题的多解性,明显提高解的分辨率和可靠性.层析成像结果表明青藏高原东北缘上地幔整体上显示为低速特征,扬子地块上地幔则显示为高速特征,两者之间上地幔存在清晰的块体边界带,该边界带位于东经104°—105°之间并且随深度的增加逐渐东移.该特征暗示了青藏高原上地幔物质向东扩张的机制,但在西秦岭上地幔顶部不存在物质运移的通道.青藏高原东北缘内部也具有明显的分区特征,松潘—甘孜地块上地幔P波速度整体呈低速特征,而柴达木地块的上地幔顶部具有相对高速特征,而在上地幔200km以下这两个地块间的差别逐渐减小.1654年天水地震和1879年武都地震都发生在扬子地块与青藏高原的碰撞交汇区,其震中下方上地幔显示为高低速转换结构. 相似文献
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Tomographic inversion for the three-dimensional seismic velocity structure of the Aswan region,Egypt
The Thurber iterative simultaneous inversion program is used to determine the three-dimensionalP-wave velocity structure in the Aswan seismic region of Egypt. The tomographic inversion presented in this study is based on 1131P-phase observations at 13 stations from 89 local earthquakes, all of which occurred within the Kalabsha fault zone. The assumed initial velocity model is that deduced from local explosion experiments. The results indicate that the Aswan region is characterized by a heterogeneous crust, consisting of a shallow, low-velocity zone and a deeper high-velocity anomaly. Seismic velocity structure within the shallow part demonstrates that the inferred change in velocity exists primarily across the east-west trending Kalabsha fault scarp, whereas the high-velocity zone is located south of this fault. Two well-resolved, low-velocity zones appear within the upper 6 km of the crust. The first coincides with a graben structure located between the Kalabsha and Seiyal faults and the second exists between the N-S Kurkur fault and the main axis of Lake Aswan. Both low-velocity zones occupy an area of approximately 30×40 km, located along the western bank of the lake. The most significant result of this study is that the location of the deeper, high-velocity anomaly coincides with the concentration of seismic activity in the lower crustal layer. 相似文献
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P-wave velocity structure beneath reservoirs and surrounding areas in the lower Jinsha River 
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下载免费PDF全文 Changzai Wang Jianping Wu Lihua Fang Yaning Liu Jing Liu Yan Cai Poren Li 《地震科学（英文版）》2023,36(1):64-75
The lower reaches of the Jinsha River are rich in hydropower resources because of the high mountains, deep valleys, and swift currents in this area. This region also features complex tectonic structures and frequent earthquakes. After the impoundment of the reservoirs, seismic activity increased significantly. Therefore, it is necessary to study the P-wave velocity structure and earthquake locations in the lower reaches of the Jinsha River and surrounds, thus providing seismological support for subsequent earthquake prevention and disaster reduction work in reservoir areas. In this study, we selected the data of 7,670 seismic events recorded by the seismic networks in Sichuan, Yunnan, and Chongqing and the temporary seismic arrays deployed nearby. We then applied the double-difference tomography method to this data, to obtain the P-wave velocity structure and earthquake locations in the lower reaches of the Jinsha River and surrounds. The results showed that the Jinsha River basin has a complex lateral P-wave velocity structure. Seismic events are mainly distributed in the transition zones between high- and low-velocity anomalies, and seismic events are particularly intense in the Xiluodu and Baihetan reservoir areas. Vertical cross-sections through the Xiangjiaba and Xiluodu reservoir areas revealed an apparent high-velocity anomaly at approximately 6 km depth; this high-velocity anomaly plays a role in stress accumulation, with few earthquakes distributed inside the high-velocity body. After the impoundment of the Baihetan reservoir, the number of earthquakes in the reservoir area increased significantly. The seismic events in the reservoir area north of 27° N were related to the enhanced activity of nearby faults after impoundment; the earthquakes in the reservoir area south of 27° N were probably induced by additional loads (or regional stress changes), and the multiple microseismic events may have been caused by rock rupture near the main faults under high pore pressure. 相似文献
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利用流动台网和固定台站的地震观测数据,采用有限差分层析成像方法反演了腾冲及邻近地区的地壳P波速度结构,分析了腾冲火山区的岩浆活动和龙陵七级地震的深部构造成因.研究结果表明,腾冲火山区的地壳结构具有明显的非均匀性,浅表层偏低的速度主要为盆地内部的松散沉积层、新生代火山堆积及断裂附近的流体裂隙和热泉活动所致;5～15 km之间的高速体可能代表了早期火山通道内冷却固结的岩浆侵入体或难挥发的超铁镁质残留体;地壳深部的低速体则反映了熔融或半熔融的岩浆体,推断火山区下方的岩浆活动与龙陵七级地震震源区地壳深部的岩浆侵入来自同一源区--现今壳内岩浆活动的主要区域.龙陵震源区的地壳速度结构横向变化较大,怒江断裂东侧和龙陵断裂西侧为高速特征,介质应变强度较大,为应力积累的主要载体;两断裂之间的低速区向下延伸至下地壳,可能与地壳深部的岩浆侵入有关;龙陵断裂和怒江断裂明显控制了这一区域的岩浆活动,七级地震正是发生在断裂下方的速度边界附近.地壳介质强度的横向变化导致了震源区应力积累的不均一性,深部岩浆的聚集和动力作用是龙陵地区发生强震的主要原因. 相似文献
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Matthias KeyserJoachim R.R. Ritter Michael Jordan 《Earth and Planetary Science Letters》2002,203(1):59-82
The Quaternary Eifel volcanic fields, situated on the Rhenish Massif in Germany, are the focus of a major interdisciplinary project. The aim is a detailed study of the crustal and mantle structure of the intraplate volcanic fields and their deep origin. Recent results from a teleseismic P-wave tomography study reveal a deep low-velocity structure which we infer to be a plume in the upper mantle underneath the volcanic area [J.R.R. Ritter et al., Earth Planet. Sci. Lett. 186 (2001) 7-14]. Here we present a travel-time investigation of 5038 teleseismic shear-wave arrivals in the same region. First, the transverse (T) and radial (R) component travel-time residuals are treated separately to identify possible effects of seismic anisotropy. A comparison of 2044 T- and 2994 R-component residuals demonstrates that anisotropy does not cause any first-order travel-time effects. The data sets reveal a deep-seated low-velocity anomaly beneath the volcanic region, causing a delay for teleseismic shear waves of about 3 s. Using 3773 combined R- and T-component residuals, an isotropic non-linear inversion is calculated. The tomographic images reveal a prominent S-wave velocity reduction in the upper mantle underneath the Eifel region. The anomaly extends down to at least 400 km depth. The velocity contrast to the surrounding mantle is depth-dependent (from −5% at 31-100 km depth to at least −1% at 400 km depth). At about 170-240 km depth the anomaly is nearly absent. The resolution of the data is sufficient to recover the described features, however the anomaly in the lower asthenosphere is underestimated due to smearing and damping. The main anomaly is similar to the P-wave model except the latter lacks the ‘hole’ near 200 km depth, and both are consistent with an upper mantle plume structure. For plausible anhydrous plume material in the uppermost 100 km of the mantle, an excess temperature as great as 200-300 K is estimated from the seismic anomaly. However, 1% partial melt reduces the required temperature anomaly to about 100 K. The temperature anomaly associated with the deeper part of the plume (250 to about 450 km depth) is at least 70 K. However, this estimate is quite uncertain, because the amplitude of the shear-wave anomaly may be larger than the modelled one. Another possibility is water in the upwelling material. The gap at 170-240 km depth could arise from an increase of the shear modulus caused by dehydration processes which would not affect P-wave velocities as much. An interaction of temperature and compositional variations, including melt and possibly water, makes it difficult to differentiate quantitatively between the causes of the deep-seated low-velocity anomaly. 相似文献
17.
Velocity structure and active fault of Yanyuan-Mabian seismic zone—The result of high-resolution seismic refraction experiment 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
FuYun Wang YongHong Duan ZhuoXin Yang ChengKe Zhang JinRen Zhao JianShi Zhang XianKang Zhang QiYuan Liu AiLan Zhu XiWei Xu BaoFeng Liu 《中国科学D辑(英文版)》2008,51(9):1284-1296
The authors processed the seismic refraction Pg-wave travel time data with finite difference tomography method and revealed
velocity structure of the upper crust on active block boundaries and deep features of the active faults in western Sichuan
Province. The following are the results of our investigation. The upper crust of Yanyuan basin and the Houlong Mountains consists
of the superficial low-velocity layer and the deep uniform high-velocity layer, and between the two layers, there is a distinct,
and gently west-dipping structural plane. Between model coordinates 180–240 km, P-wave velocity distribution features steeply
inclined strip-like structure with strongly non-uniform high and low velocities alternately. Xichang Mesozoic basin between
240 and 300 km consists of a thick low-velocity upper layer and a high-velocity lower layer, where lateral and vertical velocity
variations are very strong and the interface between the two layers fluctuates a lot. The Daliang Mountains to the east of
the 300 km coordinate is a non-uniform high-velocity zone, with a superficial velocity of approximately 5 km/s. From 130 to
150 km and from 280 to 310 km, there are extremely distinct deep anomalous high-velocity bodies, which are supposed to be
related with Permian magmatic activity. The Yanyuan nappe structure is composed of the superficial low-velocity nappe, the
gently west-dipping detachment surface and the deep high-velocity basement, with Jinhe-Qinghe fault zone as the nappe front.
Mopanshan fault is a west-dipping low-velocity zone, which extends to the top surface of the basement. Anninghe fault and
Zemuhe fault are east-dipping, tabular-like, and low-velocity zones, which extend deep into the basement. At a great depth,
Daliangshan fault separates into two segments, which are represented by drastic variation of velocity structures in a narrow
strip: the west segment dips westward and the east segment dips eastward, both stretching into the basement. The east margin
fault of Xichang Mesozoic basin features a strong velocity gradient zone, dipping southwestward and stretching to the top
surface of the basement. The west-dipping, tabular-like, and low-velocity zone at the easternmost segment of the profile is
a branch of Mabian fault, but the reliability of the supposition still needs to be confirmed by further study. Anninghe, Zemuhe
and Daliangshan faults are large active faults stretching deep into the basement, which dominate strong seismic activities
of the area.
Supported by the National Basic Research Program of China (Grant No. 2004CB428400) 相似文献
18.
青藏高原东南缘远震P波层析成像研究 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
利用中国地震科学探测台阵、小江流动台阵、固定台站等共516个地震台站记录资料,通过波形相关方法获取了111718个远震P波到时数据,运用层析成像技术研究获得了青藏高原东南缘深达650km的上地幔三维P波速度结构。结果表明,四川盆地岩石圈具有克拉通地区的高速结构特征;青藏高原东部地区表现为活动地块常见的低速异常;四川盆地西南部下方岩石圈可能受到青藏高原软流圈物质的侵蚀。在四川盆地南部及以南地区,由北向南从浅到深连续分布的高速异常体,可能是岩石圈底部拆沉造成的。岩石圈拆沉作用可能导致上地幔热物质上涌,地壳介质在热作用下力学强度降低,受青藏高原地壳物质侧向挤出作用,导致该地区陡峭的地形地貌和较强的地震活动性。攀枝花附近存在明显的高速异常,可能与三叠纪地幔柱成因的岩浆上升过程中镁铁质和超镁铁质岩浆侵入岩石圈有关。 相似文献
19.
Tami Ben-Zvi William S.D. Wilcock Andrew H. Barclay Daria Zandomeneghi Jesús M. Ibáñez Javier Almendros 《Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research》2009
Deception Island is a volcanic island with a flooded caldera that has a complex geological setting in Bransfield Strait, Antarctica. We use P-wave arrivals recorded on land and seafloor seismometers from airgun shots within the caldera and around the island to invert for the P-wave velocity structure along two orthogonal profiles. The results show that there is a sharp increase in velocity to the north of the caldera which coincides with a regional normal fault that defines the northwestern boundary of the Bransfield Strait backarc basin. There is a low-velocity region beneath the caldera extending from the seafloor to > 4 km depth with a maximum negative anomaly of 1 km/s. Refracted arrivals are consistent with a 1.2-km-thick layer of low-velocity sediments and pyroclastites infilling the caldera. Synthetic inversions show that this layer accounts for only a small portion of the velocity anomaly, implying that there is a significant region of low velocities at greater depths. Further synthetic inversions and melt fraction calculations are consistent with, but do not require, the presence of an extensive magma chamber beneath the caldera that extends downwards from ≤ 2 km depth. 相似文献
20.
利用西藏自治区林芝地区的固定地震台站与南迦巴瓦流动测震台站在2017年11月18日至2017年11月24日记录到的430个余震的直达波走时数据反演得到了震源区的三维P波速度、S波速度结构,并利用三维速度结构对余震进行了重定位.成像结果显示,米林地震震源区在0~5km深度内存在低地震波速度异常;在5~15km深度内,存在高地震波速度异常,该高速异常致使震源区西南侧的地震波速度高于东北侧.重定位结果中,余震呈条带状以NW-SE走向展布,震源深度具有西南方向深、东北方向浅的特征.主震位于11km深度处、高地震波速异常体顶部,余震主要分布在高地震波速度与低地震波速度过渡的区域.对成像结果的分析表明,震源区浅部的低速异常具有低泊松比的特性,与富石英的沉积变质杂岩体-东久杂岩单元的岩性特征有关;深部的速度结构特征则可能反映了发震断层上盘地震波速度高,下盘地震波速度低的介质特性.余震重定位结果与成像结果联合表明:此次地震发震断层从11km深度处,东久杂岩体下方的高地震波速度异常顶部开始破裂,继而在5~15km深度内发生后续破裂,后续破裂的发生区域正处于喜马拉雅构造单元与冈底斯构造单元接触的形变区内.此外,根据地震波速度计算的泊松比反映了震源区持续的低泊松比特征,暗示此次地震与流体活动并无直接关系. 相似文献