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1.
乔聚海 《矿物岩石地球化学通报》1988,(1)
1983—1984年,我们在桑沟湾进行了12次海上调查。为进行调查,设了18个站位,其中包括湾口的两个站,我们分取表层和底层水样,进行活性磷酸盐的测定。测定方法采用磷钼蓝法。桑沟湾的底质类型大致可以分为基岩、砂砾石、中细砂、粉砂及泥质粉砂五类。潮汐属于不正规半日潮,平均大潮差为1.47m,小潮差为0.57m。湾内水温年平均为13℃左右,二月份水温最低,月平均温度低于2℃,八、九两月份水温最高,月平均高于24℃。湾内海水 相似文献
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以渤海水体中多环芳烃(PAHs)为研究对象,分别于2019年6月(春夏季)、8月(夏季)和11月(秋季)采集渤海海域的表、底层海水样品,利用气相色谱–质谱联用仪分析了水体中15种优控PAHs,并对其污染水平、单体组成、时空分布及来源特征进行了分析。结果表明,6月、8月和11月渤海表层海水15种PAHs的总浓度(∑_(15)PAHs)范围分别为10.1~67.0、3.20~24.2和6.14~21.5 ng/L,均值浓度分别为34.2±16.8、9.75±4.94和16.0±3.96 ng/L,季节性特征表现为6月>11月>8月。从存在形式看,海水溶解相中PAHs主要以低环为主,高环PAHs更易赋存在海水颗粒相中。水平分布上总体表现出近岸高、中部低的分布特征,河流输入是渤海水体中PAHs的主要来源,渤海南部海域受黄河流域河流输入影响污染尤其严重;垂直分布上春秋季节渤海表、底层没有明显的浓度差异,说明在强烈季风影响下水体垂直混合能力增强,而夏季则在中部海域形成PAHs表层浓度高、底层浓度低的现象,推测与夏季渤海中部冷水团和温跃层的出现有关。特征比值和主成分分析结果表明,多环芳烃的污染源没有明显的季节差异,化石燃料和生物质燃烧是渤海水体中PAHs的主要来源。 相似文献
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根据2012年9月在黄河口及莱州湾取得的悬浮体和水文调查资料,探讨了非调水调沙期间黄河15及莱州湾颗粒有机碳（POC）的地球化学特征及其影响因素。结果表明：（1）2012年秋季黄河口及莱州湾POC浓度介于42．25-1018．87gg／L之间,平均为316．35μg／L,底层POC浓度高于表层,这与沉积物再悬浮有直接关系;（2）黄河口POC呈现近岸区高,远岸区低的趋势,高值区出现在新、老两个河口区域,指示了陆源输入对河口区POC的直接控制作用;（3）在盐度为26～28（psu）之间黄河口POC有高值,表明絮凝沉降作用对POC空间分布的影响;底层POC与浊度显著相关,表明海底沉积物再悬浮对研究区POC空间分布的直接影响;悬浮物含量超过20mg／L时,生命态颗粒有机碳对总颗粒有机碳的贡献明显下降;（4）POC／PN值显示黄河15及莱州湾POC来源的复杂性,生物作用、沉积物再悬浮和黄河水沙输入对研究区的POC生物地球化学过程都有一定的影响。 相似文献
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南中国海海水中有机氯农药和多氯联苯的含量及分布特征 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
近年来,随着沿海化工生产基地的大量投入运营及海上危险化学品运输业的日益增长,海洋生态环境受到严重威胁,我国海洋环境中持久性有机污染物如有机氯农药及多氯联苯在近海环境中普遍检出。为了对南中国海水体中持久性有机污染物的污染现状有所了解,本文利用气相色谱-电子捕获检测器(GCECD)对南中国海海水中的15种有机氯农药和多氯联苯进行测定,两类化合物各检出6种。采用外标法进行定量分析,结果显示:调查海域表层海水中有机氯农药和多氯联苯类化合物的浓度范围分别为0~92.30ng/L和1.16~76.24 ng/L,200 m层海水中分别为0~69.85 ng/L和0~49.63 ng/L,500 m层海水中分别为0~56.68 ng/L和0~26.47 ng/L。由此可看出,该海域有机氯农药和多氯联苯的含量分布特征大致呈现为:表层200 m层500 m层,原因可能是污染源主要来自周围地表径流或大气输入,且随着时间的推移污染物吸附于悬浮体由表层向下层迁移。与国内外相关海洋环境中有机农药及多氯联苯含量水平相比较,南中国海海水中有机农药和多氯联苯的含量低于国内大部分水域,但高于国外已知海洋水体中的含量。南中国海中有机农药和多氯联苯含量和分布特征的取得为下一步对海洋环境的研究和保护工作提供了基础数据。 相似文献
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夏季黄海冷水团海域的丙烯酸分布与海洋环境因子和叶绿素a变化之间的关系 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
海水中主要含硫化合物β-二甲基巯基丙酸内盐(DMSP)降解可产生丙烯酸(AA)和活性气体二甲基硫(DMS)。2011年8月对黄海冷水团海域的AA及相关参量的分布特征进行了研究。结果表明,该海域表层海水中AA的浓度为0~0.208μmol/L,平均值为(0.081±0.075)μmol/L。AA的高值区出现在海域的东南部,可能是受到长江冲淡水的影响。AA的浓度总体上呈现出由南到北递增的趋势,与Chl-a较为一致,表明该海域的AA主要是由DMSP裂解产生的。表层海水中AA与温度表现出明显的负相关性。AA的垂直分布表现为:中层底层表层,这可能是产生AA的浮游植物与消耗AA的细菌共同作用的结果。海域中AA浓度与DMSP或DMS无明显的相关性。AA浓度远高于DMS,AA/DMS平均为106∶1,初步估算出DMSP降解产生的AA约为66.5%。AA/Chl-a平均为126.6 mmol/g,比DMSP/Chl-a高1个数量级,比DMS/Chl-a高2个数量级。 相似文献
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表层岩溶带土壤中有机氯农药的分布及来源特征研究——以重庆南川区为例 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
为了研究有机氯农药(OCPs)在表层岩溶带土壤中的分布趋势、组成特征和来源,采用气相色谱-微池电子捕获检测器(GC-μECD)分析了重庆市南川区水房泉、后沟泉、柏树湾泉、兰花沟泉等典型表层带岩溶泉上覆土层中有机氯农药的浓度。结果显示,总体上表层岩溶带土壤中的OCPs的浓度范围是7.13~323.37ng/g,其中后沟泉、柏树湾泉、兰花沟泉表层土壤中的17种OCPs检出率为100%,水房泉土壤中除p,p'-DDD外其余全部检出,但不同种类有机氯含量差异较大。其中HCHs、DDTs、CHLs、灭蚁灵是主要检出物。研究区内土壤样品中的HCHs来源于工业品HCHs和林丹使用的残留,且由于环境影响,土壤中HCH的同系物组成发生了明显变化。水房泉和柏树湾泉土壤中的DDTs来自于工业DDTs和三氯杀螨醇的混合源,而后沟泉和兰花沟泉土壤中的DDTs可能来自于工业DDTs的使用,而非三氯杀螨醇类型的DDT。对比中国和荷兰的土壤质量标准,柏树湾泉土壤中DDTs浓度接近于荷兰无污染土壤的参考值,兰花沟泉土壤中的DDTs应属于轻度污染,后沟泉土壤中的DDTs和氯丹类化合物污染程度较重,而水房泉土壤为无污染土壤。 相似文献
8.
福建安海湾表层沉积物粒度特征及其现代沉积过程分析 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
通过对福建安海湾表层沉积物的粒度分析和对比,应用系统聚类分析、粒径趋势模型和切应力计算公式,探讨了研究区粒度的分布特征、沉积环境分区、表层沉积物输运趋势及其影响因素.研究结果表明,研究区包括6种表层沉积物类型,以黏土质粉砂和粉砂为主,沉积物大体呈现自海湾两侧潮滩向潮汐通道变粗的分布趋势.表层沉积物粒度的分布特征与水动力条件和物质来源密切相关,湾口附近及湾内深槽内,细颗粒的沉积物被再悬浮带走,粗颗粒的含量增大;在湾内潮滩上,悬浮物质因水动力作用逐渐减弱发生分选沉降,形成向岸变细的横向分异.海湾外泥沙随潮流不断地向海湾东侧岸滩运移,海湾周边陆源来沙由湾顶部往湾口方向下泄,两者是导致表层沉积物出现明显的顺时针方向汇聚趋势的原因之一;表层沉积物的输运趋势、悬浮泥沙的输运、潮滩植被与湾口沙嘴的遮蔽效应共同影响了研究区内浅滩地形的形成和变化.研究区可分为四类沉积环境区,以潮滩和潮汐通道环境为主,不同沉积区内的粒度参数、粒级频率和敏感粒级均有差异,动力条件差异和不同物源的影响程度是现代沉积环境格局的主要影响因素. 相似文献
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本文着重讨论南极长城湾及其沿岸表层沉积物的粒度、矿物、常量元素、微量元素、稀土元素、环境要素、有机组分以及微体古生物的特征、分区和分群问题。该区沉积物具有近源沉积特征,主要来自菲尔德斯半岛本身的基岩风化产物。长城湾沿岸属于侵蚀氧化环境区;长城湾内与南阿德雷湾内同属低能还原的沉积环境;长城湾口与南阿德雷湾口为弱氧化的沉积环境。 相似文献
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《China Geology》2019,2(4):522-529
In recent years, development activities have had a significant impact on the environment of the Jiaozhou Bay, China. To ensure the sustainable economic and social development of the Jiaozhou Bay area, it is necessary to strengthen corresponding control measures. The important prerequisite is to properly understand the environmental conditions laws of natural change, especially the dynamic processes of sediment and the characteristics of landform evolution. Based on the data of continuous observation at 6 stations in Jiaozhou Bay for 25 hours, the Hydrodynamic Eutrophication Model (HEM-3D) was used to simulate the sediment erosion and deposition. The results show that the maximum suspended sediment concentration in the sea area of Jiaozhou Bay is about 40 mg/L, which appears in the northwestern area of the bay top and the Cangkou watercourse area, and the low concentration is located in the area of the central Jiaozhou Bay towards the bay mouth. The suspended sediment is 6–10 mg/L. Affected by a decrease in seawater material, the direction of the prevailing current in the Jiaozhou Bay area is different from that of the sediment transport. The velocity of the flood current is higher than that of the ebb current. However, during flood tide, the flux of resuspended seafloor sediment outside and at the mouth of the bay is limited and cannot contribute significantly to the suspended sediment in the bay. During ebb tide, the resuspended sediment at the shallow-water bay head and the east and west sides spreads toward the bay mouth with the ebb current, although it extends beyond the bay through the bay mouth. The research results can provide scientific support for the Jiaozhou Bay project construction and environmental protection. 相似文献
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Following extensive seagrass die-offs of the late 1980s and early 1990s, Florida Bay reportedly had significant declines in water clarity due to turbidity and algal blooms. Scant information exists on the extent of the decline, as this bay was not investigated for water quality concerns before the die-offs and limited areas were sampled after the primary die-off. We use imagery from the Advanced Very High Resolution Radiometer (AVHRR) to examine water clarity in Florida Bay for the period 1985 to 1997. The AVHRR provides data on nominal water reflectance and estimated light attenuation, which are used here to describe turbidity conditions in the bay on a seasonal basis. In situ observations on changes in seagrass abundance within the bay, combined with the satellite data, provide additional insights into losses of seagrass. The imagery shows an extensive region to the west of Florida Bay having increased reflectance and light attenuation in both winter and summer begining in winter of 1988. These increases are consistent with a change from dense seagrass to sparse or negligible cover. Approximately 200 km2 of these offshore seagrasses may have been lost during the primary die-off (1988 through 1991), significantly more than in the bay. The imagery shows the distribution and timing of increased turbidity that followed the die-offs in the northwestern regions of the bay, exemplified in Rankin Lake and Johnson Key Basin, and indicates that about 200 km2 of dense seagrass may have been lost or severely degraded within the bay from the start of the die-off. The decline in water clarity has continued in the northwestern bay since 1991. The area west of the Everglades National Park boundaries has shown decreases in both winter turbidity and summer reflectances, suggestive of partial seagrass recovery. Areas of low reflectance associated with a majorSyringodium filiforme seagrass meadow north of Marathon (Vaca Key, in the Florida Keys) appear to have expanded westward toward Big Pine Key, indicating changes in the bottom cover from before the die-off. The southern and eastern sections of the Bay have not shown significant changes in water clarity or bottom albedo throughout the entire time period. 相似文献
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I. A. Nemirovskaya 《Geochemistry International》2007,45(7):638-651
The abundances and compositions of aliphatic hydrocarbons (AHC) and polyaromatic hydrocarbons (PAH) were investigated in the water and bottom sediments of the southwestern Amur Bay in the Sea of Japan. The water contained from 0 to 129 μg/1AHC (averaging 42.2 μg/l) and from 5 to 85 ng/l PAH (averaging 18 ng/l). The bottom sediments contained 168–2098 μg/g AHC and 7.2–1100 ng/g dry mass PAH. It was shown that the input of anthropogenic HC is better recorded by molecular markers than the distribution of AHC and PAH concentrations. The discovery of elevated HC concentrations in the bottom water layer suggests that the bottom sediments induced secondary contamination of the water body. 相似文献
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泉州湾软土分布受物源、地形(地貌)和水动力环境影响,自湾内向湾外厚度逐渐减小,由河道及航道向海岸厚度逐渐增厚,具有高含水量、高孔隙度、高压缩性、高灵敏度和渗透性弱、抗剪强度低等工程特性,在工程建设中一般采用挤淤换填法、预压法和水泥土搅拌法进行加固处理。 相似文献
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钦州湾是广西最大的海湾,有丰富的港口资源,是广西海洋产业发展主要支柱区域之一.近年来的开发建设活动,加强了人为地质作用,地质环境问题越来越复杂,发展给环境带来了越来越大的压力.2006-2010年,中国地质调查局广州海洋地质调查局在北部湾广西沿海执行"北部湾广西近岸海洋地质环境与地质灾害调查"项目,对研究区进行了地质环境及人类活动影响的调查研究.论文根据海底表层沉积物和柱状样品测试资料,分析了钦州湾海底沉积物中有害元素Hg的平面分布和垂向分布特征,表明Hg污染主要来自于船舶影响.钦州湾口门内的Hg污染小于口门外,向外海则污染逐渐降低;Hg含量愈近海底,其值愈高.通过分析,认为Hg值在海底70 cm以下趋于稳定,确认约700年前开始,钦州湾受人类活动影响增加;约130年前,人类活动影响加剧.总体上,Hg测量值均低于标准值,说明钦州湾环境目前尚好.但环境已受到经济发展的影响.因此,必须加大保护环境的力度,防止污染程度加深. 相似文献
16.
The concentration and distribution of Chlorophyll-a in surface seawater of Chinese Great Wall Bay and its adjacent waters, Antarctica were determined once monthly, altogether three times during an austral summer period from Dec. 1993 to Feb. 1994. The results obtained show:The concentration of Chl-a is about 1. 29 mg/m3, ranging from 0. 18-6. 75 mg/m3. The concentrations are higher inside the Bay than that outside and in Ardely Bay, This situation is consistent with that respect of the water temperature of surface layer in the area surveyed. However, the time for the occurrences of high and low values of Chl-a concentration are not the same as those for water temperature.The results of analysis correlation between each of the 4 concentrations of nutrient salts and Chl-a show that there is an apparent positive correlation only between (NO2-N) and Chl-a in the sea water surveyed.It is inferred from the results obtained that the distribution and changes of Chl-a in the Bay and its adjacent waters are still interfered with by other ecological factors including activities of the heterotrophic microbes. 相似文献
17.
Fàbio Pellegatti Ana M.G. Figueiredo Julio C. Wasserman 《Geostandards and Geoanalytical Research》2001,25(2-3):307-315
In this work, instrumental neutron activation analysis (INAA) was applied to the determination of the elements As, Ba, Br, Ce, Co, Cr, Cs, Eu, Fe, Hf, La, Lu, Nd, Rb, Sc, Sm, Ta, Tb, Th, U, Yb, Zn in twenty eight bottom sediment samples from Sepetiba Bay, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. With the concentration data obtained, contour maps were prepared, by using Kriging method, to show the spatial distribution of the studied elements in the Bay. The elements Co, Cr, Cs, Fe, Sc, Ta and Zn showed similar behaviour in the sediments, with higher concentrations along the northern coast of the bay, where the fluvial water inputs are concentrated. The distribution of U, rare earth elements and Ba in the Bay indicates that these elements are not deposited as contaminants. 相似文献
18.
William W. Schroeder Jean L. W. Cowan Jonathan R. Pennock Steve A. Luker William J. Wiseman 《Estuaries and Coasts》1998,21(4):652-657
Fossil reef deposits of the American oyster,Crassostrea virginica, are a common component of the near surface sediments in the middle and upper reaches of Mobile Bay, northern Gulf of Mexico. Mining of these deposits occurred from 1946 through 1982 in open areas of undisturbed bay bottom, outside of the shipping channel corridors, in water depths of 3–5 m. The mining process resulted in the formation of pit to furrow-shaped depressions with elevated rims at some sites and troughs and ridges in other areas. Studies carried out in the early 1970s predicted normal physical processes would restore the bottom to pre-shell mining conditions within 1 yr, thus minimizing any long-term effects on the Mobile Bay estuary. However, over the period 1974–1976 unfilled excavations, some with raised rims and ridges, were observed where mining had occurred 3–5 yr earlier. In addition, the depressions tended to be sites of relatively high salinity, hypoxic to anoxic water. In 1992–1993, close grid bathymetric surveys produced no indication of either depressions or raised features at any of the old mining sites. Evidence suggests this leveling of the bay’s bathymetry was the result of two major hurricanes, Frederic in 1979 and Elena in 1985, which mobilized and redistributed significant quantities of sediments within Mobile Bay. These findings indicate currents and waves associated with Mobile Bay’s normal tidal activity and annual recurrent storms were acting very slowly to refill depressions and flatten elevated features. In contrast, the direct impact of major hurricanes appears to have served as an effetive agent to return Mobile Bay’s bathymetry to a state similar to pre-shell mining conditions. 相似文献
19.
Noriyuki Tanaka Yoichiro Takeda Shizuo Tsunogai 《Geochimica et cosmochimica acta》1983,47(10):1783-1790
Vertical and temporal variations in the radioactivities of Th-234, Pb-210 and Po-210 were measured at a station in Funka Bay from April 1979 to February 1980. The inventory of Th-234 showed a minimum in early spring, when a spring bloom of phytoplankton was observed, then a steady increase to a maximum value in late summer, just before open sea water invaded the bay and a secondary phytoplankton bloom started. The inventories of Pb-210 and Po-210 also showed minima in early spring. These results suggest that the removal of these nuclides from sea water is accelerated by biological activity. The concentration of Th-234 decreased with depth, but those of Po-210 and Pb-210 were higher in the bottom water in August 1979 when the bay water was strongly stratified. This may be due to the supply of Pb-210 and Po-210 from the bottom. However, if the supply of these nuclides is expected in sediment particles, the concentrations of these nuclides in suspended matter were not sufficient to explain their increments in the bottom water.Residence times of Th, Pb and Po were estimated by applying a non-steady state model to the bay water when the water stayed in and the concentrations of these nuclides were changing. The mean residence time of Th is not significantly different from that of Pb, but is about half of that of Po, although the difference is much smaller than that obtained by applying a steady state model. 相似文献
20.
高碘地下水是继高砷、高氟地下水之后的又一全球性饮水安全问题,但对地下水系统中碘的赋存形态及迁移富集机理研究尚显不足.为了解华北平原地下水系统中碘的空间分布特征及迁移富集规律,选取石家庄-衡水-沧州典型水文地质剖面,完成地下水样品采集,分析其水化学组成、总碘含量及碘形态组成特征,同时运用phreeqc完成水文地质剖面地球化学反向模拟及相关矿物饱和指数计算,定性定量表征水流场内所发生的水文地球化学过程,进而深入探讨上述过程对地下水系统碘迁移富集的影响.结果表明,区域内地下水中碘含量变化范围为3.35~1 106.00 μg/L,其中,41.86%样品碘含量超过《水源性高碘地区和地方性高碘甲状腺肿病区的规定（GB/T19380-2003）》所界定的150 μg/L国家标准;空间上,高碘地下水主要分布于渤海湾区;地下水中碘的主要赋存形态为碘离子及碘酸根离子,其分布受氧化还原环境控制,碘酸根离子主要出现于氧化环境中;沿地下水流向,地下水环境朝利于液相碘迁移富集的方向演变;渤海湾区,海水入侵影响下形成的偏碱性、（弱）还原环境,利于碘从沉积物中迁移释放至地下水中;碘在不同铁矿物相上的搭载能力及氧化还原环境演化导致的铁矿物相转化,是造成华北平原地下水系统中碘迁移富集的主要水文地球化学过程. 相似文献