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1.
The current study was carried out in order to investigate the short-term effect of different dilutions of wastewater on soil chemical properties, chemical fractions of zinc (Zn) and copper (Cu), and to assess the chemical buildup of heavy metal on two bean species. The experiment was performed as factorial based on completely randomized design with different dilutions of wastewater on two bean cultivars in two soil textures. The treatments consisted of irrigation with treated wastewater over all growing season, irrigation with wastewater and freshwater in equal proportions, and irrigation with well water only as control. The result showed that soil parameters are significantly affected by application of wastewater irrigation. Irrigation with wastewater increased the concentrations of organic matter, electrical conductivity, N, K, P, Fe, Cu, Zn, Mn, and Ni in soils compared to the control treatment. However, their values were all below international standards. Application of wastewater decreased soil pH and calcium carbonate equivalent. Plant tissue analysis showed increases in N, P, K, Zn, Cu, Zn, and Mn concentrations in grain and frond of beans in wastewater treatment as compared to the control. The concentrations of all elements in plants were lower than the toxic threshold. Chemical fractionations of Zn and Cu indicated that chemical forms of these metals were affected by irrigation with wastewater. Irrigating with wastewater resulted in the movement of Zn from the labile fractions towards the nonlabile fractions. In turn, mobility factor of Cu increased with application of wastewater. Maximum fresh and dry yields of beans were obtained from wastewater treatment compared to the control treatment. This study indicated that wastewater irrigation improves soil properties, plant growth, and yield without any contamination in soil and toxicity in plants.  相似文献   

2.
Understanding the interactions of climate, physical erosion, chemical weathering and pedogenic processes is essential when considering the evolution of critical zone systems. Interactions among these components are particularly important to predicting how semiarid landscapes will respond to forecasted changes in precipitation and temperature under future climate change. The primary goal of this study was to understand how climate and landscape structure interact to control chemical denudation and mineral transformation across a range of semiarid ecosystems in southern Arizona. The research was conducted along the steep environmental gradient encompassed by the Santa Catalina Mountains Critical Zone Observatory (SCM-CZO). The gradient is dominated by granitic parent materials and spans significant range in both mean annual temperature (>10 °C) and precipitation (>50 cm a?1), with concomitant shift in vegetation communities from desert scrub to mixed conifer forest. Regolith profiles were sampled from divergent and convergent landscape positions in five different ecosystems to quantify how climate-landscape position interactions control regolith development. Regolith development was quantified as depth to paralithic contact and degree of chemical weathering and mineral transformation using a combination of quantitative and semi-quantitative X-ray diffraction (XRD) analyses of bulk soils and specific particle size classes. Depth to paralithic contact was found to increase systematically with elevation for divergent positions at approximately 28 cm per 1000 m elevation, but varied inconsistently for convergent positions. The relative differences in depth between convergent and divergent landscape positions was greatest at the low and high elevation sites and is hypothesized to be a product of changes in physical erosion rates across the gradient. Quartz/Plagioclase (Q/P) ratios were used as a general proxy for bulk regolith chemical denudation. Q/P was generally higher in divergent landscape positions compared to the adjacent convergent hollows. Convergent landscape positions appear to be collecting solute-rich soil–waters from divergent positions thereby inhibiting chemical denudation. Clay mineral assemblage of the low elevation sites was dominated by smectite and partially dehydrated halloysite whereas vermiculite and kaolinite were predominant in the high elevation sites. The increased depth to paralithic contact, chemical denudation and mineral transformation are likely functions of greater water availability and increased primary productivity. Landscape position within a given ecosystem exerts strong control on chemical denudation as a result of the redistribution of water and solutes across the landscape surface. The combined data from this research demonstrates a strong interactive control of climate, landscape position and erosion on the development of soil and regolith.  相似文献   

3.
祁连山森林草原带为典型的山地森林和草原镶嵌景观,带内植被呈显著的斑块状分布格局,与地形因子密切相关.探究森林草原带内地形因子与土壤和植被的关系,对该区生态恢复具有重要意义.采用样地-样方调查法,研究了祁连山森林草原带土壤属性和植被生物量随坡向(南、西南、西和北)和坡位(山顶、上坡、中坡、下坡和山谷)的变化特征及其与水热...  相似文献   

4.
In Egypt, wastewater has been used for irrigation in areas with fresh water scarcity; however, continuous applications may cause potential risks. Thus, the current study aims to map the spatial distribution of soil contamination and human risks of long-term wastewater irrigation due to the exposure of heavy metals. Soils from nine sites in Al-Qalyubia Governorate, Egypt, were sampled and analyzed. Wastewater irrigation resulted in a buildup of heavy metals in soils compared to Nile fresh water-irrigated soil. The pollution index (PI) showed the decreasing order of Cd?>?Zn?>?Ni?>?Cu?>?Co?>?Pb?>?Cr. The soils were out of the safe domain, as the integrated pollution index of Nemero’s (IPIN) exceeded the safe limit of 0.7. The enrichment factor (EF) exceeded 1.0, proving anthropogenic effects. The geo-accumulation index (Igeo) indicated high threats associated with Cd. The calculated hazard index (HI) indicated that humans exposed to such contaminated soils would have a potential health risk, particularly children. It is recommended to perform a treatment to the wastewater used in irrigation to avoid such threats.  相似文献   

5.
对广西喀斯特地区2种优势灌丛植物子凌蒲桃与火棘在不同坡位条件下根际与非根际土壤养分与pH值的分布特征进行研究,揭示植物种类及其立地条件对植物根际养分与pH值分布特征的影响。结果表明,2种植物根际养分存在一定程度的富集现象,其中,火棘根际有机碳与速效磷含量富集明显,子凌蒲桃根际有机碳与全氮含量富集明显;根际与非根际土壤养分含量在不同坡位下存在显著性差异（p<0.05）;根际土壤有机碳含量与全氮含量呈显著正相关（p<0.05）,与速效磷含量呈显著负相关（p<0.05）;非根际土壤有机碳含量与速效磷、全氮含量呈显著正相关（p<0.05）。双因素方差分析显示,与植物种类相比,坡位对根际土壤养分含量影响更大。以上的研究表明,喀斯特灌丛优势植物有利于提高该地区土壤养分利用,但应该考虑植物立地条件对根际养分利用的影响。   相似文献   

6.
A study was made to determine the influence of pasture degradation on soil quality indicators that included physical, chemical, biological and micromorphological attributes, along the hillslope positions in Chaharmahal and Bakhtiari province, western Iran. Soil samples from different slope positions were collected from 0 to 30 cm depth for physical and chemical properties and from 0 to 15 cm depth for biological properties at two adjacent sites in the two ecosystems: natural pasture and cultivated land. Soil quality indicators including bulk density, mean weight diameter, soil organic carbon (SOC), particulate organic material (POM) in aggregate fractions, total nitrogen, available potassium, available phosphorus, cation exchange capacity, soil microbial respiration (SMR) and microbial biomass C and N were determined. The results showed that SOC decreased cultivation from 1.09 to 0.77 % following pasture degradation. The POM decreased by about 19.35 % in cultivated soils when compared to natural pasture; also, SMR and microbial biomass C and N decreased significantly following pasture degradation. Furthermore, aggregate stability and pore spaces decreased, and bulk density increased in the cultivated soils. Overall, our results showed that long-term cultivation following pasture degradation led to a decline in soil quality in all selected slope positions at the site studied in the semiarid region.  相似文献   

7.
Erosion can have a significant impact on soil properties in areas characterized by undulating topography. The spatial trends of soil properties and the availability of soil nutrients change with land use conversion. Most studies on these changes in China, however, focus on the natural or agricultural ecosystems. Little attention has been paid to unique changes, such as the conversion of natural or agricultural land to economic development zones. To this end, it has been determined that the properties of the surface soil in an economic development zone with unique topography characterized by large mounds of earth and stones in the red soil hilly region in China. The aim of this study is to characterize the overall level and spatial patterns of the concentrations of topsoil selected soil properties, including pH, cation exchange capacity (CEC), bulk density, soil moisture, soil organic carbon (SOC), soil nitrogen (N), soil phosphorus (P), and soil potassium (K). Results show that the mean pH and CEC of soils is as low as 5.35 and 6.47?cmol?kg?1, and the mean value of soil moisture is 0.30?g?g?1, and the mean level of bulk density is 1.45?g?cm?3. SOC and total P are as low as 5.89 and 0.35?g?kg?1, while total N and total K have a high level of 8.44 and 25.2?g?kg?1. The mean level of alkali-hydrolyzable N, Olsen P, and available K is 54.33, 6.35, and 120.33?mg?kg?1, respectively, all at intermediate or low levels according to the Second National Soil Survey. All selected soil properties and nutrients have overall similar spatial patterns with the highest value on the lower slope positions except for alkali-hydrolyzable N. The results are most likely governed by the native properties of red soil, zonal climate, agricultural history for all the soils, and different degrees of soil erosion, and the probable impact of human activity like construction among different slope positions. Results indicate that (1) topography influences soil properties, as evidenced by the different spatial trends of the soil nutrients, and (2) human activity, especially construction, affects the soil properties of economic development zones. This study aims to provide valuable insights for the evaluation of soil quality as a prerequisite for land use planning in economic development zones.  相似文献   

8.
Irrigation by treated wastewater (TWW) can pollute the soil by different organic and inorganic compounds. The pollution level can depend on the irrigation period, soil nature, and wastewater characteristics. Since 1989, the Zaouit Sousse area (central Tunisian) has been irrigated by treated wastewater. The irrigation period and the mineralogy of soil composition change from one locality to another in Zaouit Sousse area. In this work, we are interested in organic compounds, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), and heavy metals (HMs) evolution. One control soil (S1) and four irrigated areas soil (S2, S3, S4, and S5) were chosen. The soil samples differ by the irrigation period and soil characteristics. Total PAHs content in control soil was 66.2 ng?g?1 and in irrigated areas were between 46.23 and 129.51 ng?g?1. The PAHs content in irrigated soil, except S5 which has been irrigated with wastewater for 20 years and contains the highest clay fraction percent, decreased with the irrigation period (from 0 to 20 years). The microbial degradation may decrease the PAHs concentrations in the soil thanks to bacterium brought by TWW and the important soil permeability. Concentration of heavy metals ranged from 24 to 1,320 μg?L?1. The HMs (Cu, Cr, Zn, Fe, Ni, Pb, and Cd) contents decreased with the irrigation period (from 10 to 20 years). So, following the PAHs aerobic bio-degradation, this organic compound discharges their absorbed heavy metals which leached to deeper levels. The Cr, Cu, Al, Zn, and Cd mobility depend on the clay yield too. However, the PAHs and Pb mobility are also related to humic substance quantities. Cr and Cu have affinities both to clay and humic substance quantities.  相似文献   

9.
葛永罡  王世杰 《中国岩溶》2008,27(2):108-114
通过测定贵州省清镇市王家寨小流域内不同背景区(喀斯特与非喀斯特)土壤的含水量以及16种植物叶片的δ13 C值,比较了不同背景区从退化生态到非退化生态过程中各样地之间,以及石漠化和土山样地不同坡位之间土壤含水量与植物叶片δ13 C值的相关关系。研究结果表明,不管是喀斯特背景区还是非喀斯特背景区从退化到非退化的过程中,随着土壤含水量的逐渐增大,植物叶片的δ13 C值与土壤含水量呈现显著的负相关关系,即土壤含水量越大,植物的水分利用效率就越低;而从不同坡位土壤含水量与植物叶片δ13 C值的相关关系分析表明,石漠化样地植物叶片δ13 C值并不随坡位土壤含水量的不同呈现出规律性的变化,而坡位自上而下土山样地植物叶片的δ13 C值则表现出随土壤含水量的增大而逐渐趋负。这些研究结果均反映了植物叶片的δ13 C值对不同生境土壤水分条件的适应机制,其中石漠化样地上的植物对土壤含水量变化的响应最迅速和最敏感。   相似文献   

10.
Little information is available about shell ridge ecosystems. Vegetative distribution and shell sand properties were investigated on a shell ridge in the Binzhou National Shell Ridge and Wetland Nature Reserve. 21 plant species were observed in the study area and, according to the Shannon?CWeiner Index and species evenness, vegetative cover, and abundance varied significantly at different sites (P?<?0.05). Sand percent, dissolved organic C, total N, and available N concentrations were significantly higher in the upper layers, while total and available P and K concentrations were significantly higher in the lower profile. Plant species were divided into three groups based on canonical correspondence analysis. Group A included 10 plant species, and was well correlated with high available nutrient concentrations (dissolved organic C, and available N, P, and K) and sand moisture. Groups B and C were well correlated with total K, P and salinity. Thus shell sand properties affected the spatial distribution of vegetation in the study area. Due to the coarse texture, salinity was less than 0.4% and much lower than in adjacent soils. Ten salt-sensitive plant species were found, accounting for 48% of the total plant species. Shell sand is therefore imperative to shell ridge ecosystem sustainability, and shell sand mining should be prohibited in the area.  相似文献   

11.
黄土丘陵小流域地形和土地利用对土壤水分时空格局的影响   总被引：47，自引：0，他引：47  
采用1982～1985年和2002年两个时段的定点观测数据,系统分析了小流域尺度地形和土地利用类型对土壤水分时空格局的影响.结果表明:1)土壤水分变化特征为所有年份农地土壤水分都最大,灌木林地和荒草地较低,林地居中;不同坡向间以阴坡土壤水分最大;而不同坡位间以坡中部土壤水分最大.受降雨和植被耗水的影响,所有土地利用类型中土壤水分在整个生长期表现为降低型.2)在年尺度上表现为干旱年份土地利用类型和坡向对土壤水分的影响较大;而在湿润年份,其影响程度减弱;坡位在干旱和湿润年份对土壤水分的影响都较小.湿润年份,降雨量的增大弱化了地形和土地利用类型对土壤水分时空格局的影响;而干旱年份正好相反.3)在季节尺度上表现为在生长季节的中后期,土壤水分的变异格局主要受坡向影响;而在生长季节的中期,主要受土地利用类型影响;坡位在整个观测时段内影响都较小.4)在不同土壤层次方面特征为土地利用类型对0～20em层次影响较小,而对其他4个深度较大的层次(20～100cm)影响较大,并且5个层次中以40～60cm层次的差异最大;坡向对5个层次土壤水分的变异格局均有明显影响,并呈现随着深度的增加,其影响减弱的趋势;坡位对5个层次的土壤水分变异格局影响均较小.  相似文献   

12.
The effects on soils of two caulescent rosette species, Coespeletia timontensis and Espeletia schultzii, were studied along a slope toposequence in the Venezuelan Andes. All soil properties examined, except texture, were significantly affected by the presence of plants, but the first species had a stronger influence than the second. This resulted from greater accumulation of organic matter under C. timotensis, which has a larger biomass than E. schultzii. When compared to adjacent bare soils, organic matter, cation-exchange capacity, and total N doubled beneath the first species but increased 29% below the other. Soil color became darker, and bulk density dropped about 14%, under both species. Concentrations of exchangeable bases (Ca, Mg, K) increased from 4 to 31 times below C. timotensis; available P increased 2 to 5 times. Soil pH was raised by 0.7 units, and percentage of base saturation (PBS) was 2 to 3 times greater than in control soils. In contrast, cations below E. schultzii only increased from 38 to 260%, and P was not affected. Soil pH was raised by 0.08 units, and PBS by only 8.6%. The general effect of the Andean rosettes was to produce soils which resemble those found on lower slope segments, but the influence of plants was considerably more pronounced than that of topographic position.  相似文献   

13.
基于云南省S214思茅-江城二级公路某一边坡,利用有限差分软件FLAC3D中动力分析模块,研究了地震作用下锚杆支护的上覆红黏土岩体边坡的动力响应。基于土体与支护结构相互作用及其协同工作,建立了三维有限差分模型,给出了阻尼和动力作用下边界的选取方法,分析了地震作用下锚杆支护上覆红黏土岩体边坡的动力响应规律,研究了在地震作用下锚杆支护边坡的抗震效果。结果表明：地震作用后各层锚杆轴力和砂浆的剪应力都有所增大,但每层锚杆轴力的增幅都各不相同,锚杆轴力沿全长分布不均匀,且各层锚杆轴力均在红黏土与基岩的交界处最大,剪应力则表现为整体增大的趋势而且最大值向坡面靠近,地震作用前、后剪应力的最小值都是在红黏土与基岩的交界处;地震作用下锚杆的支护很好地限制了边坡的变形,加大了边坡的延性,具有很好的抗震性能;边坡在地震作用下产生了永久位移;坡体内加速度在竖向随高程增加而增大;平台的设置削弱了坡面加速度的增大趋势,起到了一定减震作用。研究结论对锚杆支护边坡的抗震设计与动力分析有一定参考价值。  相似文献   

14.
兰州新区位于黄土高原西段, 为典型干旱区, 道路修建形成了许多坡度大于30°的工程开挖边坡。在边坡上重建植被对改善局地景观和防治水土流失具有重要的作用, 而坡面土壤水分状况对植被重建影响重大。选择3种整地类型（条形坑、 圆形坑和原状坡样地）, 研究兰州新区黄土工程开挖边坡植被重建的初期土壤水分状况, 结果表明： 3种整地类型中条形坑的土壤水分条件最好, 与圆形坑、 原状坡样地土壤水分存在显著差异（P<0.05）。不同灌溉频率下原状坡样地0 ~ 20 cm土层土壤含水量较低, 20 ~ 50 cm土层土壤含水量较高。土壤含水量的变异系数随土层深度的增加而减小, 随灌溉频率的降低而增加。在边坡植被重建初期, 需把土壤水分维持在8.4% ~ 10.8%, 即田间持水量的38% ~ 49%, 才能保证植物正常生育生长。当栽植的植被根系长度大于10 cm时, 可考虑将喷灌频率从每天喷灌改为隔天喷灌, 否则植物有死亡的风险。研究结果可为类似的黄土边坡植被恢复和生态建设提供参考。  相似文献   

15.
The structure of sodium tetrasilicate (Na2Si4O9) glass and melt was studied in the range from 300 to 950?K by neutron diffraction. Increasing temperature leads to gradual decrease of the peak intensities in the static structure factors possibly with a change in the slope at the glass transition temperature (T g?773?K), but no shift and broadening of the peaks is observed. Especially, the position of the first sharp diffraction peak (FSDP) at 1.6?Å–1 remains constant in the whole temperature range studied. The corresponding pair correlation functions g(r) are very similar at all temperatures. Only a slight broadening of the Si-O and O-O first nearest-neighbour peaks with temperature is observed, which can be attributed to temperature enhanced dynamic distortions of the SiO4 tetrahedra. All these results suggest that there is little change not only in the short- but also in the medium-range order of the sodium tetrasilicate glass and melt around the glass-liquid transition.  相似文献   

16.
In order to investigate changes caused in clay mineralogy and potassium (K) status by different land-use types, 42 soils samples (0–30 cm) were monitored and analyzed. Soil samples belonging to Reference Soil Groups of Cambisols and Vertisols were collected from three neighboring land uses involving cropland (under long-term continuous cultivation), grassland, and forestland. The soils reflected an alkaline and calcareous aspect as were characterized by high pH (mean of 7.1 to 7.5) and calcium carbonate equivalent (mean of 35 to 97 g?kg?1) in the three land-use types. X-ray diffraction patterns of the clay fraction showed that the soils were mainly composed of illite, smectite, chlorite, and kaolinite. Chlorite and kaolinite remained unweathered irrespective of land use and soil types, soil processes, and physicochemical attributes assessed. Some changes in the XRD diffractograms of illite and smectite (the intensity or the position of peaks) were observed in the cultivated soils compared to those of the adjoining grassland that may explain the dynamics of the K trapped in illite interlayer sites. Potassium issues reflected a heterogeneous response to changes in land-use types. In light of this, a pronounced variation in soluble K (4–22 mg?kg?1), exchangeable K (140–558 mg?kg?1), and non-exchangeable K (135–742 mg?kg?1) appeared among the land-use types for both Cambisols and Vertisols, corresponding to variability in clay content, nature and type of clay mineral (mainly illite and smectite), cation exchange capacity (CEC), and soil organic carbon (SOC). In general, the largest amounts of soluble K and exchangeable K were recorded in the forestland, whereas the highest contents of non-exchangeable K were found in the grassland for both Cambisols and Vertisols. Exchangeable K, available K, CEC, and clay contents in the soils with higher smectite values (25–50 %) were significantly different (P?≤?0.05) compared to those of the lower smectite values (10–25 %). This suggests that smectite is a major source for surface sorption of K in the studied soils.  相似文献   

17.
The use of wastewater for irrigation in sandy soil increases the pollution risk of the soil and may infiltrate to the shallow groundwater aquifer. In such environment, some important parameters need to be obtained for monitoring the wastewater in the unsaturated zone over the aquifer. These parameters include clay content, heterogeneities of the upper soils, depth to the aquifer and the variations of groundwater quality. In the present work, the efficiency of DC resistivity method in forms of 1-D and 2-D measurements was studied for wastewater monitoring in the Gabal el Asfar farm, northeast of Cairo, Egypt. Forty-one Schlumberger soundings (VES) were performed then followed by three pole-dipole 2-D profiles along some considered regions within the area. The resistivity measurements were integrated with the boreholes, hydrogeological and hydrochemical (surface and groundwater samples) information to draw a clear picture for the subsurface conditions. The obtained results were presented as cross sections and 3-D visualization to trace the clay intercalations within the unsaturated zone. In addition, a vulnerability map was created using the obtained results from 1-D Schlumberger survey and confirmed with the 2-D resistivity profiling. The obtained results have shown that the 2-D resistivity imaging technique is a powerful tool for mapping the small-scale variability within the unsaturated zone and the wastewater infiltration. However, limitations of resistivity techniques were observed in the area with limited resistivity contrast such as thin clay layers with brackish water background. Under that condition, the measured pattern of resistivity distributions depends on the applied electrode array, electrode spacing and using the available geological information during the inversion process.  相似文献   

18.
黄土裂隙的漫灌效应对斜坡稳定性的影响分析   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1       下载免费PDF全文
以甘肃省黑方台地区滑坡为研究对象,在非饱和土特性试验基础上,根据地下水位的监测资料建立典型斜坡饱和-非饱和渗流模型,模拟斜坡灌溉作用后裂隙对斜坡渗流场的影响,研究斜坡裂隙效应对斜坡稳定性的影响。结果表明:灌溉水迅速沿裂隙下渗,形成渗流优势通道;裂隙附近土体的孔隙水压力迅速升高,导致其局部形成饱和区域;随着裂隙数量的增加,饱和区域明显增大,且裂隙的位置越靠近台塬边缘,对斜坡边缘的孔隙水压力及基质吸力影响越显著。综合斜坡稳定性分析结果可知:裂隙发育位置越靠近台塬边缘,斜坡稳定性越差;而裂隙数量的增加对于斜坡的稳定性影响更大,且裂隙对于斜坡稳定性的影响是一个短时间过程。夯填裂缝是控制滑坡发生的有效途径。  相似文献   

19.
Middle Park, a high‐altitude basin in the Southern Rocky Mountains of north‐central Colorado, contains at least 59 known Paleoindian localities. At Barger Gulch Locality B, an extensive Folsom assemblage (˜10,500 14C yr B.P.) occurs within a buried soil. Radiocarbon ages of charcoal and soil organic matter, as well as stratigraphic positions of artifacts, indicate the soil is a composite of a truncated, latest‐Pleistocene soil and a younger mollic epipedon formed between ˜6000 and 5200 14C yr B.P. and partially welded onto the older soil following erosion and truncation. Radiocarbon ages from an alluvial terrace adjacent to the excavation area indicate that erosion followed by aggradation occurred between ˜10,200 and 9700 14C yr B.P., and that the erosion is likely related to truncation of the latest‐Pleistocene soil. Erosion along the main axis of Barger Gulch occurring between ˜10,000 and 9700 14C yr B.P. was followed by rapid aggradation between ˜9700 and 9550 14C yr B.P., which, along with the erosion at Locality B, coincides with the abrupt onset of monsoonal precipitation following cooling in the region ˜11,000–10,000 14C yr B.P. during the Younger Dryas oscillation. Buried soils dated between ˜9500 and 8000 14C yr B.P. indicate relative landscape stability and soil formation throughout Middle Park. Morphological characteristics displayed by early Holocene soils suggest pedogenesis under parkland vegetation in areas currently characterized by sagebrush steppe. The expansion of forest cover into lower elevations during the early Holocene may have resulted in lower productivity in regards to mammalian fauna, and may partly explain the abundance of early Paleoindian sites (˜11,000–10,000 14C yr B.P., 76%) relative to late Paleoindian sites (˜10,000–8000 14C yr B.P., 24%) documented in Middle Park. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.  相似文献   

20.
王帅帅  高波  隋传毅  闻毓民 《岩土力学》2014,35(Z1):278-284
针对洞口段均质围岩仰坡、含软弱夹层仰坡和桁架梁加固仰坡围岩3种工况,开展大型振动台模型试验,分析隧道洞口段仰坡模型土破坏形态。试验结果表明,均质边坡洞口段模型土在动力作用下坡肩土体先出现张拉裂缝,随着激振加速度增加,坡肩土体局部出现倾倒崩塌,最后沿坡面滑落堆积;含软弱夹层边坡在地震力作用下,仰坡坡脚部位土体挤压破碎,坡顶表面沿软弱夹层位置出现张拉裂缝,上覆土体沿软弱夹层滑动,最后土体大规模崩塌、滑落;洞口段加固边坡在动力作用下基本保持整体稳定,只部分梁格出现了局部的掉块,模型土顶部出现沿隧道轴向的细微裂缝。分析了隧道洞口段衬砌结构破坏形态,试验结果表明均质边坡洞口段AB两段衬砌模型裂缝分布较CD段复杂,认为洞口段地震影响深度为AB两段衬砌的长度,对应于实际工程中40 m;受软弱夹层影响,跨软弱夹层部衬砌模型裂缝形态较复杂;仰坡加固后,洞口段衬砌模型受力改善。研究结果可为山岭隧道洞口段边坡抗减震研究和设计提供参考。  相似文献   

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