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1.
针对高密度钻井液体系普遍存在的黏度偏大、流变性难以调控、经常出现井下复杂情况等问题,通过对聚合物包被剂、膨润土含量、润滑剂、抑制剂的优选,确定了低土相高密度钻井液体系的最佳配方,开发了一套低土相高密度钻井液体系。室内研究结果表明,该钻井液体系具有良好的抗钻屑、NaCl和石膏的污染能力和良好的抑制封堵能力,岩屑滚动回收率达到93.7%,能够满足高温高压、严重造浆、高渗透率以及微裂缝发育等复杂地层的钻井技术要求。  相似文献   

2.
针对滨海-6井废弃钻井液的特点,提出了破胶-固液分离-固化的思想。通过实验优化破胶剂、絮凝剂、固化剂配方。实验结果表明:100mL废弃钻井液破胶剂加量为2g,絮凝剂为2gAS+2.5%HPAM溶液(质量分数0.1%),固液分层现象明显、出水水质透明。固化剂的加量为1.5%CJ-1、27.7%水泥、7.7%CJ-2,6.2%CJ-3。固化强度和浸出液试验表明:固化体在养护15天后平均强度3.0MPa,浸出液指标达到GB8978-1996《污水综合排放标准》二级标准。  相似文献   

3.
用磁力浮沉子密度测量装置,在15 ~25 ℃之间的三个温度下测定了珠江口20 个水样的密度。结果表明,测定值皆高于相应条件下国际标准海水状态方程的计算值,在海水盐度范围0.08~33 .446 ,密度平均偏差范围为2 .4 ~54.0 ×10 - 3kg/m3 。测定密度和计算密度的偏差随盐度的降低而增大,与盐度的变化成直线相关:与(Ca2 + )/S、SO42 - /S比和比碱度之间皆呈指数曲线相关。珠江口水样(Ca2 + )/C1 、SO42 - /C1 和比碱度平均值分别超出大洋水平均值17 .8 % 、8 .21 % 和152 % ,其余的Na + /C1、K+ /C1 和Sr2 + /C1 比值与大洋水无明显差别,基本类同。珠江口海水的高碱度、高(Ca2 + )/C1 和高SO42 - /C1 是造成其海水密度正偏差的主要因素。经计算机拟合,首次导出了珠江口海水密度的状态方程,该方程计算值与实验值的平均标准偏差为±2.5×10- 3kg/m3 。  相似文献   

4.
为满足恩平24-2油田水平井钻井工程和储层保护需要,通过实验研制出一种无固相快速弱凝胶钻井液体系.室内评价试验表明:该钻井液具有较高的动塑比和较高低剪切速率黏度(LSRV),能有效克服水平井段携岩难、易形成岩屑床的问题.具有优异的抑制性和润滑性,且滤失量较小,具有较强的抗温、抗污染能力、井眼净化能力和储层保护能力.针对恩平24-2油田水平井采用裸眼完井工艺,研究了破胶剂JPC对钻井液及其滤饼的破胶性能,破胶剂JPC能有效解除聚合物对储层造成的污染.研究结果表明,该钻井液具有独特的流变性,维护简单,优异的储层保护性能和较好的可降解性,适用于恩平24-2油田水平井水平段的钻进.  相似文献   

5.
为了解决定向井、水平井和大斜度井的井壁失稳及卡钻问题,制备出同时具有防塌剂润滑作用的钻井液用防塌润滑剂FYJH-2。实验结果及现场应用证明,防塌润滑剂FYJH-2具有很强的抑制性作用,能显著降低钻井液摩擦系数,对钻井液流变性和滤失性影响小,且无毒、易生物降解,满足环境要求,是一种适用于深井、定向井和水平井的高性能防塌润滑剂,很好地解决了井壁坍塌和钻井液润滑性问题。  相似文献   

6.
中太平洋CP25岩心沉积物中钙十字沸石、蒙脱石/伊利石比值(M/I)、稀土元素含量、铈异常(δCe)、铕异常(δEu)及Sr、Nd同位素特征作为海底火山活动的证据,揭示了中太平洋海盆晚新生代以来火山活动和沉积的历史。其结果是,早中新世约20~17MaB.P.间,火山活动逐渐强烈,在17MaB.P.最强烈,使得沉积物具有高M/I和∈Nd、低δCe和87Sr/86Sr。17~1MaB.P.发生沉积间断。1MaB.P.至现代,火山活动较早中新世减弱  相似文献   

7.
调味品中含有过量的过氧化苯甲酰及苯甲酸,超出了食品添加标准,会对人体健康产生危害。研究运用反相色谱法对上述两种物质进行了定性、定量测定,两组分测定结果(1) 相关系数为R(1) = 0 .9995 ,浓度范围为166 .7ml/L至333.33mg/L之间;(2)R(2) = 0.9997,浓度范围在166 .7mg/L至333 .33mg/L之间,回收率分别为,(1)100 .00% ,回收率(2)99.98 % ,测定方法迅速、准确。  相似文献   

8.
福建沿岸海域浒苔藻类的营养成分含量与食用安全   总被引:4,自引:0,他引:4  
对福建沿岸海域浒苔(Enteromorpha)样品的主要组成成分、氨基酸、脂肪酸、矿物质含量的研究表明,浒苔属高膳食纤维(49.0%~59.1%)、高蛋白质(19.60%~38.24%)、低脂肪(0.20%~0.55%)的藻类.浒苔中17种氨基酸总量(Ctaa)与蛋白质含量的比值为74.1%~91.0%;其必需氨基酸含量(Ctaa)占C11从的35.4%~40.0%,CⅢ与非必需氨基酸含量(C。Ⅲ)之比为0.55~0.67,且呈味氨基酸的含量丰富(47.1%),氨基酸组成均衡.浒苔油脂中脂肪酸组成丰富,n一3PUFA含量达油脂总量的20.0%~26.4%,其中含有EPA、DHA.浒苔中矿物质含量较高,尤其富含镁、钙、铁、锌、硒、钾等人体必需矿物元素.有害元素测定结果表明,中、低潮区浒苔的铅、汞、镉、砷含量均能够符合《无公害食品海藻》安全指标的限量要求,养殖区、高潮区部分浒苔的Pb含量超标.研究结果认为,在低污染海区生长的浒苔是一种高蛋白质、高膳食纤维、低脂肪、矿物元素丰富且安全的海洋食品.  相似文献   

9.
黄河口邻近海域沉积物中可转化的磷   总被引:22,自引:1,他引:21  
宋金明 《海洋科学》2000,24(7):42-45
基于海洋生源物质循环研究的新思路,提出海洋沉积物中可转化的磷只能是自然粒度状态下的非碎屑态磷。黄河口附近海域表层沉积物中自然粒度下可转化的磷在58.5~69.8μg/g之间,仅占总磷的9.1%~11.0%,而全粒度(研磨)下可转化的磷在454.8~529。2μg/g,占总磷的74.4%~89.1%,说明全粒度下(研磨)可转化的磷大部分不能参与海洋生物地球化学循环,同步底栖生物的调查结果发现,小、大  相似文献   

10.
虾病暴发前虾池中一些环境因子的变化   总被引:2,自引:1,他引:1  
实验研究1994年5~8月即墨金口养殖场虾病发生前,养虾池中叶绿素a总量、去镁叶绿素含量、不同粒径浮游植物叶绿素a含量以及营养盐的变化。结果表明:在整个调查期间两个养虾池中叶绿素a含量逐月减小,分别从49.98mg/m3和25.54mg/m3降至1.50mg/m3和3.30mg/m3,去镁叶绿素含量呈上升趋势。微型(2~20μm)的浮游植物叶绿素a含量最大,分别为74.3%和68.4%,超微型(2~0.45μm)分别为20.4%和27.5%,小型(>20μm)的叶绿素a含量最小,分别为5.5%和4.2%。所调查虾池中无机磷含量均超过富营养化阈限,无机氮含量接近富营养化阈限。  相似文献   

11.
High inside corners at ridge-transform intersections   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
A large topographic high commonly occurs near the intersection of a rifted spreading center and a transform fault. The high occurs at the inside of the 90° bend in the plate boundary, and is called the high inside corner, while the area across the spreading center, the outside corner, is often anomalously low. To better understand the origin of this topographic asymmetry, we examine topographic maps of 53 ridge-transform intersections. We conclude the following: (1) High inside corners occur at 41 out of 42 ridge-transform intersections at slow spreading ridges, and thus should be considered characteristic and persistent features of rifted slow spreading ridges. They are conspicuously absent at fast spreading ridges or at spreading centers that lack a rift valley. (2) High inside corners occur wherever an axial rift valley is present, and an approximate 1:1 correlation exists between the relief of the rift valley and the magnitude of the asymmetry. (3) Large high inside corners occur at both long and short transform offsets. (4) High inside corners at long offsets decay off-axis faster than predicted by the square root of age cooling model, precluding a thermalisostatic origin, but consistent with dynamic or flexural uplift models.These observations support the existing hypothesis that the asymmetry is due to the contrast in lithospheric coupling that occurs in the active transform versus the inactive fracture zone. Active faulting in the transform breaks the lithosphere along a high angle fault, permitting vertical movement of the inside corner block, whereas the inactive fracture zone forms a weld that couples the outside corner to the adjacent block, preventing it from rising. Large asymmetry at very short transform offsets appears to be caused by the added effect of a second uplift mechanism. Young lithosphere in the rift valley couples to the older plate, and when it leaves the rift valley it lifts the older plate with it. At very short offsets, this coupled uplift acts upon the high inside corner; at long offsets, it may upwarp the older plate or its expression may be muted.  相似文献   

12.
本文介绍了一种改进的、原理简单的溶液密度测量装置——磁浮密度计,讨论了影响精密度和准确度的因素。该装置简单,操作简便,速度快,精密度、灵敏度分别为±2×10~(-6)、0.3×10~(-6),其准确度通过测定19.89℃时国际标准海水P105的密度得到了验证,我们的测定结果和别人的极好地一致。  相似文献   

13.
肖丽  陈清汉 《海岸工程》2007,26(2):32-37
针对埕岛油田复杂的自然地理和气候条件,生产中配套应用了适合浅海油田开发的油藏工程、钻采工艺、海工工程、油水井监测、自动化控制及油藏生产管理综合调整等技术,使一个浅海边际油田开发获得了较高的效益,并形成了独具特色的海上油田高速高效开发配套技术。  相似文献   

14.
海底浅层地质灾害的高分辨率地震识别技术   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
王海平  张伟  李春雷  王磊 《海洋科学》2014,38(7):103-109
将渤海某油田最新采集的二维高分辨率资料处理解释后,结合区域地球物理及地质概况,利用地震相分析、波阻抗反演、井(孔)震标定等深层油气勘探的成熟技术,系统研究了各类海底浅层地质灾害因素的成因、特征、危害及展布规律,总结了一套完整的利用高分辨率地震识别海底浅层地质灾害的技术方法。结果表明,浅层断裂、浅层气和埋藏古河道是研究区海底浅层发育的主要地质灾害因素,通过刻画不同期次地质灾害因素的类型及其分布范围,为今后该油田海上施工提供了可靠的工程地质调查成果。因此,高分辨率地震技术能够很好地应用于海底浅层地质灾害的识别。  相似文献   

15.
It is difficult to compute far-field waves in a relative large area by using one wave generation model when a large calculation domain is needed because of large dimensions of the waterway and long distance of the required computing points. Variation of waterway bathymetry and nonlinearity in the far field cannot be included in a ship fixed process either. A coupled method combining a wave generation model and wave propagation model is then used in this paper to simulate the wash waves generated by the passing ship. A NURBS-based higher order panel method is adopted as the stationary wave generation model; a wave spectrum method and Boussinesq-type equation wave model are used as the wave propagation model for the constant water depth condition and variable water depth condition, respectively. The waves calculated by the NURBS-based higher order panel method in the near field are used as the input for the wave spectrum method and the Boussinesq-type equation wave model to obtain the far-field waves. With this approach it is possible to simulate the ship wash waves including the effects of water depth and waterway bathymetry. Parts of the calculated results are validated experimentally, and the agreement is demonstrated. The effects of ship wash waves on the moored ship are discussed by using a diffraction theory method. The results indicate that the prediction of the ship induced waves by coupling models is feasible.  相似文献   

16.
通过实验研究和理论分析 ,以流动高浊度原水为研究对象 ,考察了在不同絮凝剂搅拌速度、投药量和投药方式条件下 R值的变化规律 ,从而得到絮凝体破碎和重组的有关信息 ,及时反映各种变化条件下的絮凝体特性。  相似文献   

17.
高新技术促进海洋地学科技发展   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
王蛟  莫杰 《海洋技术学报》2015,34(2):118-125
当今海洋地学领域新理论、新学说的产生,以及海底地质构造调查研究与矿产资源勘查取得的重要突破和成果,在很大程度上是采用了高新技术及各种高分辨、高性能、高精度探测仪器的结果。显然,高新技术的应用极大促进了海洋地质科学的发展,如海洋地学的海底扩张学说/板块构造理论、沉积作用与浊流、海底地震及火山成因、古海洋学、全球变化、现代海底成矿理论、极端环境与生物群落、地下生物圈假说等。文中综述了国内外全球定位系统、海洋立体测绘新技术、海底地质采样技术、深海探矿/采矿系统、深海运载技术和我国深海技术的发展概况,并就海洋地质科技的发展,提出要形成一整套立体探测综合技术系统的建议。  相似文献   

18.
本文主要用延长亲贝低温培育时间和强化营养,抛劣选优质亲贝等措施,保证亲贝积温达400℃以上产卵.在此技术上严格控制亲贝产卵时间和精子浓度,逐步提高幼虫培育水温,加大换水和投饵,勤倒池等措施,于299m3水体中,培育出2.65亿粒商品苗(0.5cm大小),取得可喜的经济效益。  相似文献   

19.
海岸带盐度过渡区域水体中氮、磷的准确测定对陆海统筹及海岸带管理起着至关重要的作用。为探究盐度对氮、磷测定准确度的影响,进而明确河口海岸带淡水-咸水盐度过渡区不同形式氮、磷测定方法的选择依据,分别采用淡水和海水的相关国家标准方法,测定不同盐度下不同质量浓度氮、磷的人工海水和天然海水水样中氨氮、亚硝氮、总氮、活性磷酸盐和总磷的质量浓度。结果表明,盐度对某些氮、磷的淡水法和海水法测定结果有一定程度的影响。对氨氮的测定,当S≤4.0时淡水法或海水法均可准确测定水体中的氨氮,S>4.0时应对水样进行pH 调整预处理后用海水法进行测定;对亚硝氮的测定,淡水法和海水法的测定结果无明显差异;对总氮的测定,当S≤5.0时应采用操作简单、测定准确的淡水法测定,S>5.0时应采用海水法。对水体中的活性磷酸盐的测定,在低盐低磷(S≤35.0且ρPO3-4 ≤0.2mg·L-1)的情况下盐度对淡水法和海水法测定结果的影响微乎其微,而对于高盐高磷(S>35.0且ρPO3-4 > 0.2mg·L-1)的水样选择灵敏度更高的海水法测定更准确;对总磷的测定,选取海水法测定准确度更高。研究结果为海岸带水体不同形式氮、磷质量浓度的准确测定与方法选择提供了科学依据。  相似文献   

20.
We studied the seasonal change of the spatial distribution of nitrite (NO-2), nitrate (NO-3), reactive phosphate (PO3-4), and silicate (SiO2) in the Colorado River Delta. We also generated 24-h time series at one location to study their short-period variability. The delta is a negative estuary. During summer, salinity may be as high as 40. Amplitude of spring tides is as large as 9 m, and this causes great water turbidity by sediment resuspension. Nutrient concentrations were high throughout the whole year, with lower values towards the oceanic region. Maximum nutrient values in the river delta were 15, 53, 11·5 and 92 μM, for NO-2, NO-3, PO3-4, and SiO2, respectively. Most values were under 2, 40, 5, and 60 μM, for NO-2, NO-3, PO3-4, and SiO2, respectively. Our nutrient data show no clear seasonal pattern. Possibly, high NO-3 values in the delta are due to groundwater input, mostly at the internal extreme, and high NO-2, PO3-4, and SiO2 values are due to resuspension of sediments and mixing of porewaters with the water column, caused mainly during spring tides. In the case of NO-2, oxidation of NH+4 in the water column would be part of the mechanism. This would explain the high negative correlation between NO-3 and sea-level, and the relatively low correlation between the other nutrients and sea-level, for the time series generated at a single location.  相似文献   

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