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1.
综述了区分气候变化和人类活动对水文要素影响的研究方法,提出当前研究中应将流域水文过程变化的环境因素来源分为气候自然变异、人为气候变化和人类活动三个方面,并给出了方法体系;基于环境变化下流域水文过程的复杂不确定性,详细剖析了环境变化下流域水文过程的不确定性来源,总结了常用的不确定性评估方法,并介绍了针对定性不确定性（奈特不确定性）评估的信息差距理论。指出为提高减缓和适应环境变化能力,未来应加强以气候自然变异、人为气候变化和人类活动三源分解的环境变化影响研究;不确定性分析应成为环境模拟的固有组成部分,在影响评价中应注重不确定性的评估,并应加强不确定性信息在流域管理决策中的应用研究以及流域风险管理研究。 相似文献
2.
论气象信息的有效传播 总被引：2，自引：1，他引：1
通过对当前国内及广西气象信息的传播内容、途径和传播效果的分析,提出利用多媒体优势互补的重要性以及注重气象信息传播的有效性和实用性,以达到为大众防灾减灾和生产生活提供更快捷、及时、有效的服务信息的目的。 相似文献
3.
论气象信息的有效传播 总被引：11，自引：0，他引：11
通过对当前国内及广西气象信息的传播内容、途径和传播效果的分析，提出利用多媒体优势互补的重要性以及注重气象信息传播的有效性和实用性，以达到为大众防灾减灾和生产生活提供更快捷、及时、有效的服务信息的目的． 相似文献
4.
壮族地区气候变化公众教育传播的实践与思考 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
应用传播学和社会学理论,对广西气象部门在中国人口最多的少数民族壮族地区开展气候变化公众教育本土传播的效果（重点对应用山歌和壮语传播的方式个案）进行分析评估,提出了提升本土传播效果的策略：加强调研、贴近本土化传播方式;立体整合传播、多部门联动;增强与受众的互动等,为我国、尤其是少数民族地区的气候变化公众教育传播工作提供借鉴。 相似文献
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《气候变化研究进展》2013,(3):236
《气候变化研究进展》(双月刊)是由中国气象局国家气候中心主办的气候变化领域内由自然科学和社会科学相结合的综合性学术刊物。本刊致力于促进气候变化学科发展,并推动其研究成果在社会和经济可持续发展,适应和减缓气候变化措施制定,气候政策与环境外交谈判,生态与环境改善,气候资源保护、开发和高效利用等方面的应用。《气候变化研究进展》主要发表国内外气候变化研究的最新成果与进展,以及与气候变化有关的交叉学科,如地球科学、生态与环境科学、人文与社会科学等方面的最新研究论文;报道全球变化最新的观测事实、重要信息及应对全球气候变化的适应、减缓措施和技术研究成果等;反映与气候变化相关的各类国际、国内重大活动、 相似文献
7.
首先对2000～2011年中国关于气候变化归因和责任研究的相关文献进行分类统计,归纳总结了中国最近十余年的研究进展,在此基础上,对于现阶段研究及存在的问题进行了初步讨论。提出我国在气候变化归因与责任领域研究的基本框架和大体趋势已经确立,"气候变化原因"研究,应在强化多方全面研究和改进研究工具的同时,注重人为原因的探究,将人为原因的探究作为今后研究的重点方向;气候变化责任的研究,应在坚持"共同但有区别责任"立场的前提下,寻求更有力的技术支持,特别是需要构建"全球有序应对气候变化"的研究体系,开展更为全面的地球系统科学模拟研究。 相似文献
8.
《气候变化研究进展》2013,(3):236-236
《气候变化研究进展》(双月刊)是由中国气象局国家气候中心主办的气候变化领域内由自然科学和社会科学相结合的综合性学术刊物。本刊致力于促进气候变化学科发展,并推动其研究成果在社会和经济可持续发展,适应和减缓气候变化措施制定,气候政策与环境外交谈判,生态与环境改善,气候资源保护、开发和高效利用等方面的应用。《气候变化研究进展》主要发表国内外气候变化研究的最新成果与进展,以及与气候变化有关的交叉学科,如地球科学、生态与环境科学、人文与社会科学等方面的最新研究论文;报道全球变化最新的观测事实、重要信息及应对全球气候变化的适应、减缓措施和技术研究成果等;反映与气候变化相关的各类国际、国内重大活动、 相似文献
9.
土壤呼吸是陆地植被吸收的CO2返回大气的基本途径,土壤呼吸速度轻微变化也会引起大气中CO2浓度的明显改变,进而影响气候变化。陆面过程模式中更好地描述土壤呼吸过程对于预测未来气候变化是至关重要的。对于土壤呼吸的模拟研究,介绍了经验模型和以过程为基础的机理模型,以及国内外陆面过程模式中土壤呼吸的研究情况,并讨论了土壤呼吸模式中需要改进的问题。
相似文献
10.
王守荣 《气候变化研究进展》2011,7(6):441-448
简要回顾美国气候变化研究沿革,分析美国制定和实施气候变化科学计划(USCCSP)的背景,综述USCCSP的研究目标、研究领域和组织管理方式。首先重点阐述USCCSP的关键科学发现以及全球和美国气候变化的主要科学结论,介绍USCCSP综合评估产品。然后论述美国国家科学院研究理事会(NRC)对USCCSP进展的评估,评述未来美国气候变化研究的战略框架和领域。最后在归纳美国气候变化研究特色的基础上,阐述对我国制定长期战略规划、深化基础研究、强化模式创新、推进观测系统和资料系统建设、加强科学评估和应用服务、加快立法进程等方面的启示。 相似文献
11.
By growing awareness for and interest in climate change, media coverage enlarges the window of opportunity by which research can engage individuals and collectives in climate actions. However, we question whether the climate change research that gets mediatized is fit for this challenge. From a survey of the 51,230 scientific articles published in 2020 on climate change, we show that the news media preferentially publicizes research outputs found in multidisciplinary journals and journals perceived as top-tier. An in-depth analysis of the content of the top-100 mediatized papers, in comparison to a random subset, reveals that news media showcases a narrow and limited facet of climate change knowledge (i.e., natural science and health). News media selectivity reduces climate change research to the role of a sentinel and whistleblower for the large-scale, observed, or end-of-century consequences of climate change for natural Earth system components. The social, economic, technological, and energy aspects of climate change are curtailed through mediatization, as well as local and short-term scales of processes and solutions. Reviewing the social psychological mechanisms that underlie behavioral change, we challenge the current criteria used to judge newsworthiness and argue that the consequent mediatization of climate change research fails to breed real society engagement in actions. A transformative agenda for the mediatization of climate change research implies aligning newsworthiness with news effectiveness, i.e., addressing the extent to which communication is effective in presenting research that is likely to produce behavioral change. 相似文献
12.
Dramatic climatic change in the Arctic elevates the importance of determining the risk of exposure for people living in vulnerable areas and developing effective adaptation programs. Climate change assessment reports are valuable, and often definitive, sources of information for decision makers when constructing adaptation plans, yet the scope of these reports is too coarse to identify site-specific exposure to the impacts of climate change and adaptation needs. Subsistence hunters and gatherers in the Arctic are valuable knowledge holders of climate-related change in their area. Incorporating both their traditional ecological knowledge and information found in climate science assessment reports can offer adaption planners a deeper understanding of exposure to climate change and local adaptation needs. In this study, we compare information found in assessment reports of climate change in the Arctic with what we have learned from the Alaskans Sharing Indigenous Knowledge project from 2009 to 2012, a research project documenting traditional ecological knowledge in two Native villages in Alaska, Savoonga and Shaktoolik. Content analysis of the interviews with hunters and gatherers reveal the site-specific impacts of climate change affecting these two villages. We find that their traditional ecological knowledge is complimentary and largely corroborates the climate science found in assessment reports. Traditional ecological knowledge, however, is more current to the social and local conditions of the villages, and presents a more unified social and biophysical portrayal of the impacts of climate change. If taken together, these two forms of knowledge can focus adaptation planning on the pertinent needs of the communities in question. 相似文献
13.
Public perceptions of climate change are traditionally measured through surveys. The exploding popularity of social networks, however, presents a new opportunity to research the spatiotemporal pattern of public discourse in relation to natural and/or socio-economic events. Among the social networks, Twitter is one of the largest microblogging services. The architecture of Twitter makes the question “what's happening?” the cornerstone of information exchange. This inspired the notion of using Twitter users as distributed sensors, which has been successfully employed in both the natural and social sciences. In 2012 and 2013, we collected 1.8 million tweets on “climate change” and “global warming” in five major languages (English, German, Russian, Portuguese, and Spanish). We discuss the geography of tweeting, weekly and daily patterns, major news events that affected tweeting on climate change, changes in the central topics of discussion over time, the most authoritative traditional media, blogging, and the most authoritative organizational sources of information on climate change referenced by Twitter users in different countries. We anticipate that social network mining will become a major source of data in the public discourse on climate change. 相似文献
14.
Climate change denial is motivated in part by ideology, with research showing that a greater tolerance of social inequality is consistently linked to lower pro-environmentalism. We report findings from two mixed-methods studies. In Study One, we provide insight into how individuals with varying levels of social dominance orientation discuss environmental issues by analyzing 59 interviews. These analyses revealed that many individuals were concerned about the causes, consequences, and potential solutions to climate change; however, many were also armed with justifications excusing their and others’ inaction on the problem. To establish further how the ideas shared in the interviews related to social dominance, we reworked the ideas into statements for survey-based research in Study Two. Social dominance orientation and its composite dimensions related to most interview-based statements, with those scoring higher on dominance attitudes more opposed to top-down action on climate change, and those more tolerant of inequality more opposed to individual action. We discuss implications for climate change communication. 相似文献
15.
IPCC第六次评估报告（AR6）第一工作组报告（简称报告）中提供了对气候系统和气候变化的最新物理解释,整合了来自古气候和仪器观测的多项证据、过程理解以及全球和区域的气候模拟,记录了气候科学的最新进展。报告旨在提供有关过去气候如何变化的事实,揭示人类活动在这些变化中所起的作用,并根据不同社会经济路径的排放情景对未来气候进行了预估。这些结果对于政策制定者来说很重要。它有助于减缓气候变化、根据灾害管理框架制定区域适应计划以及开展即将到来的2023年全球综合评估。本文聚焦该报告的背景、架构和方法,并介绍当前气候变化评估的主要进展。结果显示,与以前的评估报告相比,AR6提供了更综合实用的信息和认识,更加强调了区域气候变化,以及更好地约束了气候敏感度的估计。该报告最重要的结论之一是人类活动对气候变化的影响已从科学认知演变为不争的事实。 相似文献
16.
Effectively communicating the complexity of climate change to the public is an important goal for the climate change research
community, particularly for those of us who receive public funds. The challenge of communicating the science of climate change
will be reduced if climate change researchers consider the links between personality types, communication tendencies and learning
preferences. Jungian personality type is one of many factors related to an individual’s preferred style of taking in and processing
information, i.e., preferred communication style. In this paper, we demonstrate that the Jungian personality type profile
of interdisciplinary, early career climate researchers is significantly different from that of the general population in the
United States. In particular, Ph.D. climate researchers tend towards Intuition and focus on theories and the “big picture”,
while the U.S. general population tends towards Sensing and focuses on concrete examples and experience. There are other differences
as well in the way the general public as a group prefers to take in information, make decisions, and deal with the outer world,
compared with the average interdisciplinary climate scientist. These differences have important implications for communication
between these two groups. We suggest that climate researchers will be more effective in conveying their messages if they are
aware of their own personality type and potential differences in preferred learning and communication styles between themselves
and the general public (and other specific audiences), and use this knowledge to more effectively target their audience. 相似文献
17.
通过系统分析世界各国气候传播领域近年来的进展,以解释为何公众对气候变化的科学结论缺乏信任这一复杂问题.文中首先概述了各国公众对气候变化的态度以及影响公众态度的社会、政治与经济因素,再分析了各国媒体对气候变化的报道及其媒体效果,并重点探究了社会心理因素如何影响人们对气候变化的认知与态度.此外国际气候传播研究对我国气候传播... 相似文献
18.
Connie Roser-Renouf Edward W. Maibach Anthony Leiserowitz Xiaoquan Zhao 《Climatic change》2014,125(2):163-178
Climate change activism has been uncommon in the U.S., but a growing national movement is pressing for a political response. To assess the cognitive and affective precursors of climate activism, we hypothesize and test a two-stage information-processing model based on social cognitive theory. In stage 1, expectations about climate change outcomes and perceived collective efficacy to mitigate the threat are hypothesized to influence affective issue involvement and support for societal mitigation action. In stage 2, beliefs about the effectiveness of political activism, perceived barriers to activist behaviors and opinion leadership are hypothesized to influence intended and actual activism. To test these hypotheses, we fit a structural equation model using nationally representative data. The model explains 52 percent of the variance in a latent variable representing three forms of climate change activism: contacting elected representatives; supporting organizations working on the issue; and attending climate change rallies or meetings. The results suggest that efforts to increase citizen activism should promote specific beliefs about climate change, build perceptions that political activism can be effective, and encourage interpersonal communication on the issue. 相似文献
19.
Many ecosystem services are in decline. Local ecological knowledge and associated practice are essential to sustain and enhance ecosystem services on the ground. Here, we focus on social or collective memory in relation to management practice that sustains ecosystem services, and investigate where and how ecological practices, knowledge and experience are retained and transmitted. We analyze such social–ecological memory of allotment gardens in the Stockholm urban area, Sweden. Allotment gardens support ecosystem services such as pollination, seed dispersal and pest regulation in the broader urban landscape. Surveys and interviews were preformed over a four-year period with several hundreds of gardeners. We found that the allotment gardens function as communities-of-practice, where participation and reification interact and social–ecological memory is a shared source of resilience of the community by being both emergent and persistent. Ecological practices and knowledge in allotment gardens are retained and transmitted by imitation of practices, oral communication and collective rituals and habits, as well as by the physical gardens, artifacts, metaphors and rules-in-use (institutions). Finally, a wider social context provides external support through various forms of media, markets, social networks, collaborative organizations, and legal structures. We exemplify the role of urban gardens in generating ecosystem services in times of crisis and change and conclude that stewards of urban green areas and the social memory that they carry may help counteract further decline of critical ecosystem services. 相似文献
20.
Although the spatial and temporal scales on which climate varies is a prominent aspect of climate research in the natural sciences, its treatment in the social sciences remains relatively underdeveloped. The result is limited understanding of the public's capacity to perceive climate variability as distinct from change, and uncertainty surrounding how and when to best communicate information on variability/change. Ignoring variability in favour of change-focused analyses and language risks significant misrepresentation of public perception and knowledge, and precludes detailed synthesis of data from the social and natural sciences. An example is presented based on a regional comparison of variability-dominated climate observations and change-focused survey data, collected in western Newfoundland (Canada). This region experiences pronounced, slow-varying natural variability, which acted to obscure broader climate trends through the 1980s and 1990s; since the late 1990s, the same variability has amplified apparent change. While survey results confirm residents perceive regional climate change, it is not clear whether respondents distinguish variability from change. This presents uncertainty in the best approach to climate science communication in this region, and raises concern that subsequent variability-driven transient cooling will erode public support for climate action. Parallels are drawn between these regional concerns and similar uncertainty surrounding treatment of variability in discussion of global temperature trends, highlighting variability perception as a significant gap in human dimensions of climate change research. 相似文献