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1.
大跨度柔性屋盖风振中流固耦合分析的强耦合方法 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
本文针对大跨度柔性屋盖风振中流固耦合作用的特点,介绍了一种计算黏性不可压缩流体与经历大变形非线性结构之间流固耦合作用的强耦合方法。本文将伪实体弹性模型引入到流固耦合问题的流体域中处理其变形,使流体和固体形成整体耦合,推导了计算流固耦合问题的整体式方程,并用Newton—Raphson法求解。文中首先用经典圆柱绕流证明了该方法的有效性,并利用该方法计算了一大跨度柔性屋盖风振的流固耦合问题,结果与已有文献中的结果符合良好。因此证明本文提出的强耦合方法用于计算大跨度柔性屋盖风振流固耦合问题是准确可行的。 相似文献
2.
Previous studies have considered vegetative drag at different scales, the blade scale, the patch scale, and the reach scale, but few studies have considered the connection between these scales. In this paper, we develop simple, physically-based models that connect processes affecting the drag generated by aquatic vegetation at the blade and patch scale to the hydraulic resistance produced by vegetation at the reach scale. For fully developed flows through submerged patches of vegetation, velocities can be successfully predicted using a two-layer model in which momentum transfer from the unobstructed flow to the vegetation patch is characterized using a constant friction factor. To account for vegetation flexibility in this two-layer model, we develop an iterative procedure that calculates the reduction in plant height and drag for a given flow speed based on the plant material properties, and feeds this information back into the momentum balance. This simple iteration accurately predicts vegetation heights and velocities for submerged flexible vegetation. Finally, we consider the effect of varying vegetation distribution patterns by extending the two-layer model to account for more complex channel and patch geometries. The total hydraulic resistance produced by vegetation depends primarily on the blockage factor, i.e. the fraction of the channel cross-section blocked by vegetation. For a constant blockage factor, the specific distribution of vegetation can also play a role, with a large number of small patches generating more resistance than a single large patch. By considering models with different levels of complexity, we offer suggestions for what field measurements are needed to advance the prediction of channel resistance. 相似文献
3.
储层流体识别是确定油气水分布,合理布设井位,提高钻井成功率的关键之一.本文基于流体饱和孔隙介质岩石物理模型,对地震反演的地层体积模量进行分解,获得孔隙流体体积模量,并依据油、气、水(尤其是气-油、气-水)模量的显著差异进行识别.文中简要分析了Gassmann模型和Kuster-Toksz模型的特征,详细讨论了孔隙形态和饱和度对弹性模量的影响,提出了联合Kuster-Toksz方程和Gassmann方程的体积模量分解方法.该方法通过Kuster-Toksz方程从测井数据中反演地层骨架固体和干骨架的弹性模量,再利用Gassmann方程对地层体积模量进行分解,既考虑了孔隙形态,又充分利用了Gassmann方程的易用性.理论模型结果表明方法是可行的.方法应用于西部地区某气田,流体识别与地层含气性预测结果与钻井基本一致,进一步证实了方法的有效性. 相似文献
4.
考虑水-饱和土场地-结构耦合时的沉管隧道地震反应分析 总被引：6，自引：0，他引：6
用理想流体介质模拟水层、流体饱和多孔介质模拟饱和土地层,在理想流体介质与流体饱和多孔介质相连接边界的连续条件基础上,结合已有的对理想流体介质、流体饱和多孔介质进行动力反应分析的显式有限元方法,开考虑地层与结构的动力相互作用,建立了进行水与场地、结构耦合动力分析的方法。利用该方法对沉管隧道的地震响应进行了研究,重点分析了水深、地质条件等因素对沉管隧道地震反应的影响,并从中得出了一些可供相关人员进行沉管隧道抗震分析时参考的结论。 相似文献
5.
We explore a package of parallel porous layers, each filled with a different fluid. Assume that this package is sampled by an elastic wave with the wavelength much larger than the thickness of an individual layer. Also assume that the layers are hydraulically isolated from each other, meaning that the diffusion length is smaller than that of the individual layer. This assumption is relevant to a patchy saturation scenario. Suppose that we wish to conduct the fluid substitution operation on this package treated as a single porous elastic body. What is the effective bulk modulus of the pore fluid to be used in this operation that will result in the same elastic modulus as computed by Backus averaging the individual moduli of the layers? We address this question analytically by assuming that the porosity, dry frame, and the mineral matrix properties of the individual layers are the same for all layers. The only difference between the layers is the pore fluid. We find that the resulting effective bulk modulus of the fluid thus derived falls between the arithmetic and harmonic averages of the fluid bulk moduli in the layers. It can be approximated by a linear combination of these two bounds where the weights are 0.50 and 0.50 or 0.75 for the arithmetic average and 0.25 for the harmonic average, depending on the elastic moduli of the dry frame, the mineral, and the pore fluids. This solution also provides a relation between the effective bulk modulus of the pore fluid in the system under examination and water saturation to be used in the fluid substitution operation at a coarse spatial scale. 相似文献
6.
Vegetation is a key aspect of water resources and ecology in natural rivers, floodplains and irrigation channels. The hydraulic resistance of the water flow is greatly changed when submerged vegetation is present. Three kinds of drag coefficients, i.e., the drag coefficient for an isolated cylinder, the bulk drag coefficient of an array of cylinders and the vertically distributed or local drag coefficient, have been commonly used as parameters to represent the vegetation drag force. In this paper, a comprehensive experimental study of submerged stems in an open channel flow is presented. Empirical formulae for the three drag coefficients were obtained based on our experimental results and on data from previous studies. A two-layer model was developed to solve the mean momentum equation, which was used to evaluate the vertical mean velocity profile with each of the drag coefficients. By comparing the velocity distribution model predictions and the measurement results, we found that the model with the drag coefficient for an isolated cylinder and the local drag coefficient was good fit. In addition, the model with the bulk drag coefficient gave much larger velocity values than measurements, but it could be improved by adding the bed friction effect and making choice of the depth-averaged velocity within the canopy layer. 相似文献
7.
Weiming Wu 《Ocean Dynamics》2014,64(7):1061-1071
A 3-D shallow-water flow model has been developed to simulate the flow in coastal vegetated waters with short waves. The model adopts the 3-D phase-averaged shallow-water flow equations with radiation stresses induced by short waves. It solves the governing equations using an implicit finite volume method based on quadtree rectangular mesh in the horizontal plane and stretching mesh in the vertical direction. The flow model is coupled with a spectral wave deformation model called CMS-Wave. The wave model solves the spectral wave-action balance equation and provides wave characteristics to the flow model. The model considers the effects of vegetation on currents and waves by including the drag and inertia forces of vegetation in the momentum equations and the wave energy loss due to vegetation resistance in the wave-action balance equation. The model has been tested using several sets of laboratory experiments, including steady flows in a straight channel with submerged vegetation and in a compound channel with vegetated floodplain and random waves through a vegetated channel and on a vegetated beach slope. The calculated water levels, current velocities, and wave heights are in general good agreement with the measured data. 相似文献
8.
Vegetation in rivers, estuaries and coastal areas is often submerged and highly flexible. The study of its interaction with the ambient flow environment is important for the determination of the discharge capacity, morphological characteristics and ecological conditions of the water course where it grows. In this work the hydrodynamics of submerged flexible vegetation with or without foliage is investigated by using a 3D numerical model. Flexible vegetation is modeled by momentum sink terms, with the velocity-dependent stem height determined by a large deflection analysis which is more accurate than the previously used small deflection analysis. The effect of foliage on flow resistance is expressed in terms of the change in the product of the drag coefficient and the projected area, which is supported by available experimental data. The computed results show that the vertical profiles of the mean horizontal velocity and the vertical Reynolds shear stress are correctly simulated. The temporal variation of the stem deflection follows closely that of the velocity and the ‘Honami’ phenomenon can be reproduced. The numerical simulations also confirm that the flexibility of vegetation decreases both the vegetation-induced flow resistance force and the vertical Reynolds shear stress, while the presence of foliage further enhances these reduction effects. 相似文献
9.
Axelle Viré Jiansheng Xiang Frank Milthaler Patrick Emmet Farrell Matthew David Piggott John-Paul Latham Dimitrios Pavlidis Christopher Charles Pain 《Ocean Dynamics》2012,62(10-12):1487-1501
Fluid–structure interactions are modelled by coupling the finite element fluid/ocean model ‘Fluidity-ICOM’ with a combined finite–discrete element solid model ‘Y3D’. Because separate meshes are used for the fluids and solids, the present method is flexible in terms of discretisation schemes used for each material. Also, it can tackle multiple solids impacting on one another, without having ill-posed problems in the resolution of the fluid’s equations. Importantly, the proposed approach ensures that Newton’s third law is satisfied at the discrete level. This is done by first computing the action–reaction force on a supermesh, i.e. a function superspace of the fluid and solid meshes, and then projecting it to both meshes to use it as a source term in the fluid and solid equations. This paper demonstrates the properties of spatial conservation and accuracy of the method for a sphere immersed in a fluid, with prescribed fluid and solid velocities. While spatial conservation is shown to be independent of the mesh resolutions, accuracy requires fine resolutions in both fluid and solid meshes. It is further highlighted that unstructured meshes adapted to the solid concentration field reduce the numerical errors, in comparison with uniformly structured meshes with the same number of elements. The method is verified on flow past a falling sphere. Its potential for ocean applications is further shown through the simulation of vortex-induced vibrations of two cylinders and the flow past two flexible fibres. 相似文献
10.
Methods of computing the deflections of flexible vegetation elements under the dynamic pressure of water were presented in the paper. Two methods, based on Euler-Bernoulli beam theory, were discussed, one designed for small deflections and the other, generalized one, also for larger deflections. The choice of the method for computations of deflections was discussed from the perspective of the computation of flow velocities above flexible vegetation. Computational results were compared with laboratory experiments and it was found that the simplified, computationally less expensive method may be used in many practical situations without deterioration of the results. 相似文献
11.
Sandra Barbouteau Patrick Rasolofosaon Noalwenn Dubos‐Sallée Virginie Vassil Jean‐François Nauroy 《Geophysical Prospecting》2017,65(1):240-250
An alternative laboratory technique to measure the elastic constants of solid samples, based on the analysis of the cross‐correlation spectra of the vibratory response of randomly excited short solid cylinders, has been recently proposed. The aim of this paper is to check the ability of the technique called passive ultrasonic interferometry to monitor fluid substitution in different rock samples. Velocity variations due to fluid substitution are easily measured if the wave attenuation in the fluid‐saturated rock is not too large (typically in rocks with few cracks or microfractures). The experimental results are in agreement with the predictions of Biot–Gassmann poroelastic theory. The effect of substituting water with a stiffer saturating fluid, such as ethylene glycol, is to increase the overall bulk modulus of the rock, without any substantial effect on shear modulus. Furthermore, the experimental results compare well with those obtained independently with conventional pulse‐transmission technique using ultrasonic transducers. However, the measured pulse‐transmission bulk moduli are slightly larger than the corresponding measured ultrasonic interferometry moduli, with the deviation increasing with increasing fluid viscosity. This can be explained by dispersion due to wave‐induced flow of the viscous fluid since pulse‐transmission experiments involve higher frequencies than ultrasonic interferometry experiments. 相似文献
12.
Vir&#; Axelle Xiang Jiansheng Milthaler Frank Farrell Patrick Emmet Piggott Matthew David Latham John-Paul Pavlidis Dimitrios Pain Christopher Charles 《Ocean Dynamics》2012,62(10):1487-1501
Fluid–structure interactions are modelled by coupling the finite element fluid/ocean model ‘Fluidity-ICOM’ with a combined finite–discrete element solid model ‘Y3D’. Because separate meshes are used for the fluids and solids, the present method is flexible in terms of discretisation schemes used for each material. Also, it can tackle multiple solids impacting on one another, without having ill-posed problems in the resolution of the fluid’s equations. Importantly, the proposed approach ensures that Newton’s third law is satisfied at the discrete level. This is done by first computing the action–reaction force on a supermesh, i.e. a function superspace of the fluid and solid meshes, and then projecting it to both meshes to use it as a source term in the fluid and solid equations. This paper demonstrates the properties of spatial conservation and accuracy of the method for a sphere immersed in a fluid, with prescribed fluid and solid velocities. While spatial conservation is shown to be independent of the mesh resolutions, accuracy requires fine resolutions in both fluid and solid meshes. It is further highlighted that unstructured meshes adapted to the solid concentration field reduce the numerical errors, in comparison with uniformly structured meshes with the same number of elements. The method is verified on flow past a falling sphere. Its potential for ocean applications is further shown through the simulation of vortex-induced vibrations of two cylinders and the flow past two flexible fibres.
相似文献13.
14.
流体因子是储层流体识别的重要方法,而叠前地震反演是获得流体因子的有效途径之一.本文从流体因子的构建出发,基于多孔弹性介质岩石物理模型,建立了流体因子与纵横波模量之间的直接关系,避免了流体因子计算所需的密度参数无法准确求取的问题,通过推导基于纵横波模量的Zeoppritz近似方程及弹性阻抗方程,探讨了基于弹性阻抗的纵横波模量直接反演方法,模型与实际应用表明,基于弹性阻抗的纵横波模量直接反演方法合理、可靠,减少了常规方法间接计算纵横波模量带来的累积误差,基于纵横波模量的流体因子计算方法有较好的实际应用效果. 相似文献
15.
覆水场地地震反应分析 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
随着各种海洋结构物的兴建,覆水场地的地震反应逐渐成为研究热点。基于任意拉格朗日-欧拉描述,推导时变区域上的流体运动方程,给出流场、结构的接触条件和流场网格运动控制方法。对于平坦覆水场地,水平向地震动作用下,根据Couette流理论证明该类场地流体作用可以忽略;竖向地震动激励下,横向均匀场地可以通过动水压力公式准确考虑流体作用,横向非均匀场地则需要通过流固耦合方法考虑流体作用,以海底隧道为例加以说明。对于起伏场地,天然起伏场地在地震动激励下的动力反应具有明显的流固耦合特征,以三角形起伏场地为算例;结构物的兴建造成的人工起伏场地同样需要考虑流固耦合效应,以某沉管隧道在水平向地震动激励下的动力反应为算例,并根据结果初步提出该类结构物流固耦合分析的简化计算方法。 相似文献
16.
C. Narteau E. Blanter J. -L. Le Mouël M. Shirnman C. J. Allgre 《Physics of the Earth and Planetary Interiors》2000,120(4):271-287
We investigate the temporal evolution of the magnetic dipole field intensity of the Earth through a multiscale dynamo mechanism. On a large range of spatio-temporal scales, the helical motions of the fluid flow are given by a schematic model of a fully developed turbulence. The system construction is symmetric with respect to left-handed and right-handed cyclones. The multiscale cyclonic turbulence coupled with a differential rotation (schematic ω dynamo) or alone (schematic 2 dynamo) is the ingredient of the loop through which poloidal and toroidal fields are built from one another. Two kinds of reaction of the magnetic field on the flow are considered: the presence of a magnetic field first favours a larger-scale organization of the flow, and, second, impedes this flow by the effect of growing Lorentz forces. We obtain the general features of the geomagnetic field intensity observed over geological times and describe a general mechanism for reversals, excursions and secular variation. The mechanism happens to keep a memory during the chrons and loose it during the events (excursions and inversions). 相似文献
17.
深部储层地震资料通常照明度低、信噪比低、分辨率不足,尤其是缺乏大角度入射信息,对深部储层流体识别存在较大影响.Gassmann流体项是储层流体识别的重要参数,针对深层地震资料的特点,本文首先在孔隙介质理论的指导下,推导了基于Gassmann流体项与剪切模量的两项AVO近似方程.通过模型分析,验证了该方程在小角度时与精确Zoeppritz方程误差很小,满足小角度入射条件下的近似精度要求.然后借助Connolly推导弹性阻抗的思想,推导了基于Gassmann流体项与剪切模量的两项弹性阻抗方程.针对深部储层地震资料信噪比差的特点,利用奇偶反射系数分解实现了深部储层基追踪弹性阻抗反演方法,最后提出了基于基追踪弹性阻抗反演的Gassmann流体项与剪切模量的求取方法,并将提取的Gassmann流体项应用于深部储层流体识别.模型测试和实际应用表明该方法稳定有效,具有较好的实用性. 相似文献
18.
Subgrid modeling of salt marsh hydrodynamics with effects of vegetation and vegetation zonation 
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下载免费PDF全文 Guoxiang Wu Huajun Li Bingchen Liang Fengyan Shi James T. Kirby Ryan Mieras 《地球表面变化过程与地形》2017,42(12):1755-1768
Vegetation plays a critical role in modifying inundation and flow patterns in salt marshes. In this study, the effects of vegetation are derived and implemented in a high‐resolution, subgrid model recently developed for simulating salt marsh hydrodynamics. Vegetation‐induced drag forces are taken into account as momentum sink terms. The model is then applied to simulate the flooding and draining processes in a meso‐tidal salt marsh, both with and without vegetation effects. Marsh inundation and flow patterns are significantly changed with the presence of vegetation. A smaller area of inundation occurs when vegetation is considered. Tides propagate both on the platform and through the channels when vegetation is absent, whereas flows concentrate mainly in channels when vegetation is present. Local inundation on vegetated platforms is caused mainly by water flux spilled from nearby channels, with a flow direction perpendicular to the channel edges, whereas inundation on bare platforms has contributions from both local spilled‐over water flux and remote advection from adjacent platforms. The flooding characteristics predicted by the model showed a significant difference between higher marsh and lower marsh, which is consistent with the wetlands classification by the National Wetlands Inventory (NWI). The flooding characteristics and spatial distribution of hydroperiod are also highly correlated with the vegetation zonation patterns observed in Google Earth imagery. Regarding the strong interaction between flow, vegetation and geomorphology, the conclusion highlights the importance of including vegetation in the modeling of salt marsh dynamics. Copyright © 2017 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
19.
Russell流体因子是判识深层储层含流体特征的敏感指示参数.针对深层地震资料缺失大角度入射信息以及信噪比普遍较低的特点,开展了基于贝叶斯理论框架的两项弹性阻抗反演与Russell流体因子直接估算方法研究.首先,在饱和孔隙弹性介质理论的指导下,推导了包含Russell流体因子和纵波阻抗参数的两项反射系数近似公式,并且进一步得到了新的两项弹性阻抗方程.其次通过模型的近似精度分析,验证了新弹性阻抗方程满足小角度近似精度要求.最后提出了贝叶斯弹性阻抗反演和Russell流体因子的直接估算方法,通过模型试算表明直接估算方法不仅充分利用了弹性阻抗反演的高抗噪性与实用性,并且有效的避免了间接累计误差对流体因子计算精度的影响,实际应用则进一步验证了直接估算的Russell流体因子可以提高深层储层流体识别的可靠性. 相似文献
20.
This paper presents an approach to modeling the depth-averaged velocity and bed shear stress in compound channels with emergent and submerged vegetation. The depth-averaged equation of vegetated compound channel flow is given by considering the drag force and the blockage effect of vegetation, based on the Shiono and Knight method (1991) [40]. The analytical solution to the transverse variation of depth-averaged velocity is presented, including the effects of bed friction, lateral momentum transfer, secondary flows and drag force due to vegetation. The model is then applied to compound channels with completely vegetated floodplains and with one-line vegetation along the floodplain edge. The modeled results agree well with the available experimental data, indicating that the proposed model is capable of accurately predicting the lateral distributions of depth-averaged velocity and bed shear stress in vegetated compound channels with secondary flows. The secondary flow parameter and dimensionless eddy viscosity are also discussed and analyzed. The study shows that the sign of the secondary flow parameter is determined by the rotational direction of secondary current cells and its value is dependent on the flow depth. In the application of the model, ignoring the secondary flow leads to a large computational error, especially in the non-vegetated main channel. 相似文献