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1.
【研究目的】 开展渤海湾北部滦河三角洲晚更新世以来不同沉积环境的划分,计算分析碳埋藏速率的大小和控制因素,进一步评价区域碳储能力。【研究方法】 本文对BXZK03孔岩芯开展晚更新世以来的古沉积环境恢复,并取样分析了包括粒度、年代(AMS14C 和OSL)、含水量、有机碳、总碳和其他营养成分等在内的测试指标。【研究结果】 该孔晚更新世以来地层自下而上划分为泛滥平原、海滩沙脊、浅海、障壁沙坝(三角洲前缘)和潟湖的沉积环境单元,各沉积单元平均有机碳埋藏速率大小依次为：障壁沙坝51.47 g/(m2·a)>海滩沙脊32.59 g/(m2·a)>浅海7.82 g/(m2·a)>潟湖4.66 g/(m2·a)。总碳、有机碳与各营养元素具有显著(P< 0.01)线性相关关系,方差分析显示沉积速率和碳浓度分别是滦河三角洲碳埋藏速率的主要控制因素。【结论】 滦河三角洲沉积物中有机碳浓度相对较低,但是在全新世三角洲沉积速率较高,使得有机碳埋藏速率也相对较高,因此具有一定的碳储能力。  相似文献   

2.
在长江中下游的洪湖、太湖、巢湖采集了沉积柱样,测定了总有机碳、总氮、磷,并采用210 Pb和137 Cs定年。洪湖1950年以来沉积物中营养元素急剧增加,巢湖在20世纪70年代以来营养元素开始增加,而在太湖中则为80年代。结果表明草型湖中有机质增加比藻型湖迅速,洪湖湖泊沉积物有机质迅速增加与围垦活动开始时间一致。沉积物中总磷的变化不如总有机碳、总氮的变化规律性明显。洪湖两钻孔总磷背景值为0.7~0.8g/kg,太湖钻孔其总磷本底为0.6g/kg,梅梁湾大量钻孔表明总磷本底在0.5g/kg;巢湖的则更低。对比湖泊类型来看,目前为藻型湖的沉积本底磷偏低,而目前为草型湖的沉积本底磷偏高,这可能与不同生态类型湖泊营养元素的生物地球化学循环与积累的方式有关。  相似文献   

3.
2002～2005年在长江中下游的洪湖、固城湖和太湖分别采集了沉积物柱样钻孔,测定了总有机碳（TOC）和金属元素包括Pb,Al,Fe,Ti等,并采用210Pb和137Cs进行了近代沉积物定年。研究结果表明,洪湖钻孔平均沉积速率为0.15cm/a,固城湖平均沉积速率在0.067cm/a,太湖平均沉积速率为0.35～0.41cm/a。根据湖泊沉积物中铅元素与参考元素（Al,Fe和Ti）浓度和TOC的相关关系建立了回归方程,线性关系极显著（p<0.001）。根据回归方程获取了钻孔中铅的背景值变化,研究表明近代沉积物中金属铅不仅仅来源于自然的作用,而人类活动导致铅的累积发生时间都在20世纪70年代,从一个侧面也说明利用沉积物铅含量变化进行断代存在可能性。对太湖钻孔而言,其污染程度要高于洪湖和固城湖。研究结果表明近30年来洪湖和固城湖人为造成湖泊沉积物铅累积量在不断增加,其沉积物铅污染有进一步加重的趋势,应受到科学家和管理部门的关注。  相似文献   

4.
湖泊沉积物蓄积的磷在湖泊环境发生变化(如pH值、Eh改变)时,往往能释放到水体,形成湖泊内源释放,造成湖泊富营养化.因此了解湖泊沉积物磷的蓄积特征,对于湖泊环境的治理和保护有重要意义.通过长江中游龙感湖不同部位钻孔的210Pb、沉积物磷和其他环境指标分析表明,近百年来东部湖区沉积速率明显大于西部湖区,北部湖区略大于南部湖区,人类活动在20世纪50年代后期主要通过修建水库和闸坝,改变龙感湖水系结构,也改变了龙感湖的物源供给,因而西部湖区沉积速率略有放缓,东部湖区变化不明显.龙感湖沉积物磷的浓度空间上表现为东部高于西部,这与不同物源磷的背景值相关,时间序列上近百年来呈上升趋势,上世纪50年代以来上升趋势更为明显.在确定沉积物磷背景值的基础上,由于人类活动导致的磷的增加量表明,20世纪50年代开始人类活动导致沉积物磷的增加量持续上升,20世纪70年代末开始增加幅度更大,这一特征与人类活动的方式有关.  相似文献   

5.
2007年在黄河三角洲布设了一口浅钻ZK4,孔深28.3 m,对获取的岩心样品进行了详细的沉积学观测及含水量、有机碳、总碳和营养成分的实验室分析测试。通过ZK4孔的地层分析,将其划分为7种沉积环境,揭示了滨海湿地地质演化过程。并利用AMS14C测年方法,结合黄河改道的历史记录,运用历史地理学和沉积地质学综合分析的方法对黄河三角洲沉积环境进行了年代划分,并计算了黄河三角洲不同沉积环境沉积物的沉积速率和碳的加积速率。结果表明:总碳和有机碳与除硫和磷元素以外的各营养成分都呈良好的线性相关;碳、氮、磷的加积速率与沉积物的沉积速率呈极显著正相关关系(R0.89,p0.01),沉积物的沉积速率是碳、氮、磷的加积速率的主控因素;虽然现代黄河三角洲沉积物有机碳浓度较低(1%),但由于沉积物的高沉积速率,现代黄河三角洲沉积物有机碳的平均加积速率达到2878.23 g/(m2·a),远高于世界其他高有机碳浓度的湿地,因此是很好的碳汇地质体。  相似文献   

6.
胶州湾沉积速率:多种分析方法的对比*   总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5  
汪亚平  高抒 《第四纪研究》2007,27(5):787-796
根据胶州湾内外海域采集的柱状岩芯样品的 210 Pb测试,结合物源分析方法,计算了1952年以来胶州湾的沉积物收支状况和胶州湾区域的平均沉积速率。结果表明,胶州湾百年尺度的沉积速率较高,达到了100mm/a量级(7.43mm/a),沉积通量为10-3g/mm2a量级(7.39×10-3g/mm2a),而胶州湾外邻近海区沉积速率略低(4.46mm/a)。这与其他学者获得的海图地形对比法的结果大致相当。与胶州湾内钻孔岩芯的14 C测年对比表明,万年尺度的沉积速率为10-1mm/a量级(0.25~0.92mm/a),比百年尺度的沉积速率约小一个数量级。分析结果表明,沉积体系的演化过程使沉积速率随时空尺度的不同而产生差异,这是导致不同分析方法所获结果之间存在复杂关系的主要因素。  相似文献   

7.
滇池湖泊磷负荷及其对水环境的影响   总被引：19，自引：1，他引：19  
磷是滇池湖泊富营养化的限制性营养元素。滇池湖泊磷负荷来源一般可分为外环境发生源输入的磷负荷和内环境发生源输出的磷负荷两大类。累积在滇池湖泊内的磷,主要分布在水体与底部沉积物中,滇池湖泊水体中总磷浓度由北向南含量降低,底部沉积物中P2O5含量分布由北向南呈递增趋势。底部0-3m的沉积物P2O5含量由上至下呈明显递减趋势,表明滇池湖泊磷负荷逐年加重。近几年资料显示滇池湖泊单位面积磷负荷达1.52g/m2·a,超过总磷公认允许负荷量中危险值的11.7倍,滇池已成为富营养型湖泊。控制滇池富营养化,在解决入湖磷外负荷的同时,对湖泊底部沉积物中磷内负荷也应予以高度重视。  相似文献   

8.
对海南岛万泉河口沙美内海柱样K3和K4沉积物进行生物地球化学指标总有机碳(TOC)、总氮(TN)、有机碳同位素(δ13 C)、氮同位素(δ15 N)的分析,以及210 Pb定年了解其近代变化特征,追踪沉积物有机质来源的变化,提取沉积环境演变及人类活动的信息。K3中TOC的变化介于0.51 ％ ~1.12 ％ ,K4变化介于0.43 ％ ~1.49 ％ ,而其随时间的变化反映了流域内人类活动的历史。17世纪TOC含量明显增加记录了明末清初开始流域内广泛种植农作物的活动,19世纪以来TOC含量逐渐增加,至现代达最高值,对应了工业革命以来人类活动的增强。K3和K4的δ13 C值变化分别在-24.38 ‰ ~-21.02 ‰ 之间和-24.74 ‰ ~-20.17 ‰ 之间,δ15 N值变化分别在2.20 ‰ ~4.62 ‰ 之间和2.39 ‰ ~5.02 ‰ 之间,映证了本区沉积物有机质是陆源物质和海洋物质混合的特点。明末清初开始流域内广泛种植玉米等农作物造成δ13 C值增加和δ15 N值减少; 自19世纪以来至现在,该区的经济活动增加,人口的持续增长,尤其是近50年来化肥农药的大量使用,造成陆源输入的有机碳含量大幅增加,使δ13 C值减少和δ15 N比值增加。 δ13 C值自19世纪以来就逐渐变轻,说明陆源和海洋有机碳的比例发生了变化,较轻的陆源有机碳比例相对增加,较重的海洋有机碳比例相对减少,反映了玉带滩沙坝的增长、沙美内海封闭、海水交换作用减少的状况。C/N比值分别从底部的16.19和17.36到顶部减小为11左右,自19世纪以来呈明显减小的趋势也反映了沙美内海泻湖自生的藻类有机质供应越来越多,也说明了其逐渐封闭、水动力条件越来越弱,与外海的交换作用逐渐减少的状况。  相似文献   

9.
为了研究黄河三角洲全新世不同古环境中的碳埋藏速率,于2007年在研究区布设了一口30.3 m浅钻,以对其进行了沉积学观测以及含水量、有机碳、总碳和营养成分测试分析.通过地层分析,将其全新世地层划分为8种沉积环境.运用历史地理学和沉积地质学综合分析方法对现代黄河三角洲沉积环境中部分层位进行了精确的年代划分,其他层位也进行了年代推测.同时利用确定的年代计算了不同沉积环境碳的埋藏速率.结果表明:总碳和有机碳与各营养元素都呈很好的线性相关;沉积物的沉积速率是有机碳和总碳埋藏速率的主控因素;虽然沉积物Corg浓度相对较低,但由于其高沉积速率,Corg的平均埋藏速率达到1 331 g/(m2·a),远高于世界其他高Corg浓度的湿地,因此是很好的碳汇地质体.   相似文献   

10.
1950~2005年大通河流域径流变化特征及影响因素   总被引：3，自引：2，他引：1       下载免费PDF全文
张晓晓  张钰  徐浩杰 《水文》2013,33(6):90-96
以大通河流域享堂水文站1950~2005年实测径流数据为基础,综合运用趋势分析、累积距平、R/S分析、Morlet小波分析、降水-径流深度双累积曲线等数理统计方法,研究了大通河流域径流的年内分配、年际变化和周期振荡特征、并定量分析了气候因素和人类活动因素对径流变化的影响。结果表明:（1）大通河径流年内主要集中在510月,占年径流总量的82%左右。1950~2005年,大通河流域年径流呈微弱减少趋势,递减率为-0.55×108m3/10a（R2=0.025,P=0.249）,Hurst指数为0.58,表明未来一段时间内径流仍可能呈减少趋势;（2）1950~2005年,大通河流域年径流在27a时间尺度上周期震荡明显,经历了"多-少-多-少-多-少-多"7个循环交替;（3）大通河流域降水-径流深度双累积曲线在1994年发生显著偏移,1994年之前径流变化主要受降水影响,1994年以后,径流变化主要受人类活动影响。  相似文献   

11.
东太湖钻孔揭示的重金属污染历史   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  
姚书春  薛滨 《沉积学报》2012,30(1):158-165
2009年在东太湖运用重力采样器采集得到岩芯钻孔(DJZ和DQG)。运用核素210Pb和137Cs对沉积物钻孔进行定年,同时分析了沉积物金属元素,并研究近代东太湖重金属污染以及人类活动对其的影响。本文运用Fe元素作为粒度的代用指标对重金属进行标准化,并获取了重金属富集系数和人为污染的重金属通量。研究表明,除了钻孔的表层样以外,东太湖DQG和DJZ钻孔的Pb、Zn、Cu、Cr和Ni的富集系数都不超过2,并且Cr、Ni的富集系数接近1。结果表明最近几十年来的重金属铅、铜、锌在不断富集,尤其是在20世纪70年代以来。20世纪70年代至90年代,东太湖来源于人为污染的Pb、Zn、Cu的通量维持在一定的水平,90年代以来,东太湖来源于人为污染的Pb、Zn、Cu的通量在不断增加,这与区域污染工业类型及经济发展阶段相吻合。东太湖2000s初以来Pb通量特别是人为污染的Pb的通量出现下降,这可能部分与含铅汽油的禁用有关,另外也与该阶段流域工业结构的调整有关。  相似文献   

12.
In this paper, we show the potential of combining multi‐proxy analysis of lake sediments with catchment geomorphology to better understand palaeoenvironmental changes. Previous studies have suggested that alpine lakes in N Sweden may be highly sensitive to variations in catchment erosion and precipitation, and that this sensitivity may influence ecologically based reconstructions of past temperature changes. We analysed lake sediments covering the last 5100 years from the alpine Lake Vuoksjávrátje in NW Sweden in order to identify different erosional regimes in the lake catchment, sediment sources and lake sedimentary processes, which ultimately affect the palaeoecological record. The measured proxies include elemental geochemistry from XRF core scanning, grain size, sediment accumulation rates, fraction of terrestrial organic carbon and geomorphological mapping, supported by previously published chironomid and total organic carbon data. From the integrated results we identified time intervals when increased intensity of precipitation altered sedimentation and lake catchment erosional processes. The most prominent event occurred c. 2900 cal. a BP and is interpreted to be the result of excessive precipitation, possibly related to the climatic shift towards cooler and wetter conditions referred to as the 2.8 ka event.  相似文献   

13.
210Pb, 137Cs and 14C dated sediments of two late Holocene landslide lakes in the Provincial Park Lagunas de Yala (Laguna Rodeo, Laguna Comedero, 24°06′S, 65°30′W, 2100 m asl, northwestern Argentina) reveal a high-resolution multi-proxy data set of climate change and human impact for the past ca. 2000 years. Comparison of the lake sediment data set for the 20th century (sediment mass accumulation rates MARs, pollen spectra, nutrient and charcoal fluxes) with independent dendroecological data from the catchment (fire scars, tree growth) and long regional precipitation series (from 1934 onwards) show that (1) the lake sediment data set is internally highly consistent and compares well with independent data sets, (2) the chronology of the sediment is reliable, (3) large fires (1940s, 1983/1984–1989) as documented in the local fire scar frequency are recorded in the charcoal flux to the lake sediments and coincide with low wet-season precipitation rates (e.g., 1940s, 1983/1984) and/or high interannual precipitation variability (late 1940s), and (4) the regional increase in precipitation after 1970 is recorded in an increase in the MARs (L. Rodeo from 100 to 390 mg cm−2 yr−1) and in an increase in fern spores reflecting wet vegetation. The most significant change in MARs and nutrient fluxes (Corg and P) of the past 2000 years is observed with the transition from the Inca Empire to the Spanish Conquest around 1600 AD. Compared with the pre-17th century conditions, MARs increased by a factor of ca. 5 to >8 (to 800 +130, −280 mg cm−2 yr−1), PO4 fluxes increased by a factor of 7, and Corg fluxes by a factor of 10.5 for the time between 1640 and 1930 AD. 17th to 19th century MARs and nutrient fluxes also exceed 20th century values. Excess Pb deposition as indicated by a significant increase in Pb/Zr and Pb/Rb ratios in the sediments after the 1950s coincides with a rapid expansion of the regional mining industry. Excess Pb is interpreted as atmospheric deposition and direct human impact due to Pb smelting.  相似文献   

14.
To reflect the historical changes, the vertical profiles of concentrations, enrichment factors and burial fluxes of potential harmful elements (PHEs: Ga, Ge, Mo, In, Sn, Sb, Te, Tl, Bi, W and V) were determined in two sediment cores collected from Bohai Bay. Sediment accumulation rates and chronologies were obtained from 210Pb activity-depth profiles. Two sediment accumulation rates in core 2 were observed: a higher rate of 4.78 mm/year before the 1960s and 2.93 mm/year since then. The sediment accumulation rate in core 6 was 2.82 mm/year. The PHE concentrations and burial fluxes exhibited an obvious variation with the depth due to the natural and anthropogenic inputs. Especially, the higher concentrations and burial fluxes of PHEs occurred in the 1960s and 1980s, matching the large runoff and industrial development. Enrichment factors (EFs) of PHEs were computed in order to evaluate their potential sources. Results showed that the EFs of Sb, Te and Bi were higher than 1.5, revealing the anthropogenic inputs; however, the EFs of other PHEs were lower than 1.0, indicating the natural inputs. Moreover, the high EFs of Sb, Te and Bi appeared in the surface or subsurface layers, indicating that the extent of anthropogenic contamination enhanced in recent years. Sequential extraction technique was used to study the ecological risks of PHEs. Results revealed that the ecological risks of Mo, Te and Bi in both cores and Sb and W in core 2 were medium due to their high availability in the exchangeable and carbonate-bound fractions.  相似文献   

15.
Lakes and wetlands are dynamic geomorphic units of a landscape that hold geochemical signatures of sediment provenance and paleo-environmental shifts and are major sinks for organic matter accumulation. The source of organic matter is diverse in lake sediments and varies widely with the type and size of the lake and hence it is important to understand the source of organic carbon (terrestrial or in situ) in lake systems in order to monitor the health of the lake. Wular lake, located in north Kashmir, is one of the largest fresh water lake in India, situated at an average elevation of 1580m ASL. The lake is fed by a number of watersheds that bring a diverse type of sediments and organic matter and thus deposit them into the Wular lake basin. In order to understand sediment distribution pattern, content and source of organic matter, sediment provenance and the persisting environment in the Wular lake, 32 lake floor sediment samples covering the entire lake were collected and analyzed for organic element analysis, CaCO3, organic matter, sediment texture and diatom analysis. The results indicated that sediments in the lake are dominated by silt and silty clay. The organic carbon in the lake ranged from 0.83%-4.52% and nitrogen varied from 0.06%-0.5%. The Carbon to Nitrogen (C/N) ratios (9.04 to 22.03) indicate a mixed source of organic carbon but dominated by in situ lake sources from the vascular and lake biota accumulation. The diatom analysis revealed the occurrence of a diverse type of species along the sampling sites present within the lake. The wide distribution of the diatom species such as Cymbella, Cyclotella and Tabularia etc. in the lake indicate high organic pollution and alkaline fresh water environment prevailing in the lake.  相似文献   

16.
A sedimentological study of two dimitic lakes in North-Eastern Germany provided a record of anthropogenic impacts and historical changes of water quality. The upper 50 cm sediment profiles were compared for major nutrients and selected major trace elements. The sediments were dated by 210Pb and 137Cs measurement. The upper 50 cm sediment profiles represent approximately the last 100 years of history in both lakes. Element analyses show different characteristic stratigraphic patterns in both lakes. Based on the nutrient and metal stratification, three characteristic time periods can be documented for both lakes. In addition to agricultural use of the catchment area, atmospheric pollution greatly influenced the metal concentration in the sediment layers. Variation in the external loading and redox conditions in the hypolimnion explain the variation in the composition and accumulation of metals in the sediment stratigraphy. No increases or changes in the trophic level of either lake could be documented based on the accumulation of the nutrients C, N and P. The ratio of Fe/Mn and Fe/Ca characterized the changing redox conditions. The stratigraphy of Pb and Zn agrees with the historical variation in atmospheric pollution and confirms literature values for Central and North Europe. The drop in Pb and Zn over the last 10–15 years is a regional effect in North-Eastern Germany.  相似文献   

17.
A 20 kyr long sediment sequence from the Congo deep sea fan (core GeoB 6518-1), one of the world’s largest deep sea river fans, has been analysed for bulk and molecular proxies in order to reconstruct the marine, soil and plant organic carbon (OC) contributions to these sediments since the last glacial maximum. The bulk proxies applied, C/N ratio and δ13Corg, ranged from 10 to 12.5 and from −24.5 to −21‰ VPDB, respectively. As molecular proxies, concentrations of marine derived alkenones and terrestrial derived odd-numbered n-alkanes were used, which varied between 0.2 and 4 μg/g dry weight sediment. In addition, the branched vs. isoprenoid tetraether (BIT) index, a proxy for soil organic matter input, was used, which varied from 0.3 to 0.5 in this core.Application of binary mixing models, based on the different individual proxies, showed estimates for terrestrial OC input varying by up to 50% due to the heterogeneous nature of the OC. Application of a three end-member mixing model using the δ13Corg content, the C/N ratio and the BIT index, enabled the distinction of soil and plant organic matter as separate contributors to the sedimentary OC pool. The results show that marine OC accounts for 20% to 40% of the total OC present in the deep sea fan sediments over the last 20 kyr and that soil OC accounts for about half (∼45% on average) of the OC present. This suggests that soil OC represents the majority of the terrestrial OC delivered to the fan sediments.Accumulation rates of the plant and soil OC fractions over the last 20 kyr varied by a factor of up to 5, and are strongly related to sediment accumulation rates. They showed an increase starting at ca. 17 kyr BP, a decline during the Younger Dryas, peak values during the early Holocene and lower values in the late Holocene. This pattern matches with reconstructions of past central African humidity and Congo River discharge from the same core and revealed that central African precipitation patterns exert a dominant control on terrestrial OC deposition in the Congo deep sea fan. Marine OC accumulation rates are only weakly related to sediment accumulation rates and vary only little over time compared to the terrigenous fractions. These variations are likely a result of enhanced preservation during times of higher sedimentation rates and of relative small fluctuations in primary production due to wind-driven upwelling.  相似文献   

18.
The history records of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), lead and its stable isotope ratios were determined in a sediment core to receive anthropogenic impacts on the Shilianghe Reservoir in eastern China. The historical changes of PAHs concentrations, PAHs fluxes, Pb/Al and Pb isotope ratios showed a synchronous trend throughout the core, suggesting changes in energy usage and correlating closely with the experience of a rapid economic and industrial development of the catchment, Linyi City in eastern China. PAHs isomer ratios results reveal PAHs in sediments are dominantly anthropogenic pyrogenic source, dominated by the combustion of coal and biomass. Furthermore, the Pb isotopic composition also clearly indicates that coal combustion dust mainly contributed to the Pb burden in the reservoir sediments. Based on mix end member model of Pb isotope ratios, coal combustion dust dominated anthropogenic Pb sources over fifty years contributing from 31% to 62% of total Pb in sediment. And the contribution of leaded gasoline was low than average 25%. In addition, a stable increase of coal combustion source was found in sediment core, while the contribution of leaded gasoline had declined in recent decades, with the phase-out of leaded gasoline in China.  相似文献   

19.
Spatial and temporal distribution of heavy metals (Chromium, Copper, Nickel, Lead, and Zinc) in the sediment of Longgan Lake, middle reaches of Yangtze River, China were analyzed to discuss their enrichment characteristics and history in combination with geochronological data and to identify anthropogenic effects. The results showed that the enrichment state of heavy metals was higher in the western versus eastern lake area, although their concentrations behave in the opposite case, which demonstrated that stronger human activities existed in the western lake catchment. The enrichment history of heavy metals pointed out that prior to 1950, the enrichment state was lower in the ambient lake areas illustrating the natural effect on the lake; thereafter the human activities in the catchment enhanced markedly causing an increasing heavy metal enrichment. The increase of heavy metal enrichment in the 1970s occurred in the central lake areas. The temporal difference between the ambient and central areas elucidated that the heavy metal accumulation might be buffered by the lake before they entered the sediment. Correlation analysis revealed that there was a significant correlation between heavy metals in the sediment suggesting their similar sources. Heavy metals were distinctly related to aluminum, calcium, lithium, iron, and organic matters, which could denote their forms in the sediment.  相似文献   

20.
Major elements [aluminum (Al), calcium (Ca), iron (Fe), manganese (Mn)] and phosphorus (P) as well as its fractions in the sediment of Longgan Lake, a shallow lake in the middle reach of Yangtze River, China, were investigated to assess the effect of factors such as the grain size, organic matter (OM), and redox conditions on the behavior of P. Meanwhile, the anthropogenic impact on the P accumulation during the last century was distinguished from the natural one. The grain size, redox conditions, and major elements had close relationship with inorganic P, while there was a significant correlation between organic P and OM. Different relationships between Ca-bound P and Ca in the sediment indicated the anthropogenic Ca source besides the natural one. The marked anthropogenic impact on the lake was detected since 1950 ad, while it significantly intensified since 1970 ad. This change corresponded well to the history of the reclamation, constructions of dams, and reservoirs, the utilization of phosphate fertilizers, and the utilization of lime to kill off schistosomes. The P flux was applied to distinguish the anthropogenic versus natural P accumulation. Before 1950 ad, the natural P inputs by soil erosion, runoff, and so on, were the main source of P in the sediment, while thereafter the increasing human activity in the catchment resulted in more extra P or so-called anthropogenic P accumulation.  相似文献   

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