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现代海底低温热液弥散流区微生物生态的发育情况已经成为当前热液系统研究关注的热点之一。大量的分析表明在低温热液弥散流区赋存着丰富的化能自养微生物,以硫、铁等元素的氧化还原反应获取新陈代谢能量,这些微生物的分布与低温热液流体的物理化学条件有着密切的联系。这些发现极大地丰富了我们对低温弥散流区微生物生态、关键地球化学过程与微生物新陈代谢耦合关系的认识。此外,低温热液流体是研究洋壳深部生物圈的窗口,通过这个窗口可以了解地壳内部生命的新陈代谢方式,进而理解地球内部微生物与洋壳内部流体、岩石之间的相互作用机制。 相似文献
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海洋生物活性物质开发利用的现状与前景 总被引:9,自引:0,他引:9
本文从海洋药用,生物保健品及生物功能材料等方面介绍以开发海洋生物资源为目的国内外研究新成果并进一步探讨海洋生物毒素、抗肿瘤和物质、抗氧化物质以及化工制品的开发利用前景。最后全面评价了海洋生物资源的开发潜力。 相似文献
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Increased oceanic heat transport has often been cited as a means of maintaining warm high-latitude surface temperatures in many intervals of the geologic past, including the early Eocene. Although the excess amount of oceanic heat transport required by warm high latitude sea surface temperatures can be calculated empirically, determining how additional oceanic heat transport would take place has yet to be accomplished. That the mechanisms of enhanced poleward oceanic heat transport remain undefined in paleoclimate reconstructions is an important point that is often overlooked. Using early Eocene climate as an example, we consider various ways to produce enhanced poleward heat transport and latitudinal energy redistribution of the sign and magnitude required by interpreted early Eocene conditions. Our interpolation of early Eocene paleotemperature data indicate that an approximately 30% increase in poleward heat transport would be required to maintain Eocene high-latitude temperatures. This increased heat transport appears difficult to accomplish by any means of ocean circulation if we use present ocean circulation characteristics to evaluate early Eocene rates. Either oceanic processes were very different from those of the present to produce the early Eocene climate conditions or oceanic heat transport was not the primary cause of that climate. We believe that atmospheric processes, with contributions from other factors, such as clouds, were the most likely primary cause of early Eocene climate. 相似文献
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海洋遥感的应用与展望 总被引:14,自引:0,他引:14
海洋遥感利用电磁波与大气和海洋的相互作用原理观测和研究海洋,以海洋及海岸事作为监测、研究对象,具有快速、多波段、周期性、大面积覆盖等观测能力的空间遥感技术,回顾了海洋遥感发展的4个阶段,介绍了海洋遥感在海洋资源环境调查、动态监测以及海洋污染等方面的应用,最后,提出了海岸带遥感动态监测技术的精确化和定量化研究、海洋遥感地理信息系统建设以及海洋小卫星遥感的应用是未来海洋遥感研究和应用的重点。 相似文献
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Marine Geophysical Research - We have estimated empirical relationships that associate the age of the Pacific oceanic lithosphere with the seismic energy released on both flanks of the East Pacific... 相似文献
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人工鱼礁对渔业资源和海洋生态环境的影响及相关技术研究 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
介绍了国内外在不同水深海域实施人工鱼礁工程的现状。分析并研究了不同水深海域人工鱼礁工程的建筑和投放技术,分析并研究了与人工鱼礁工程相关的一些问题及解决这些问题的途径,分析并研究了人工鱼礁区渔业资源增值和改善海洋生态环境的机理。分析得出的结论是:人工鱼礁工程在增值渔业资源和改善海洋生态环境方面是很有发展前景的。 相似文献
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白垩纪黑色页岩与大洋红层:缺氧到富氧的过程与机制 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
白垩纪是地球历史中一个重要的阶段,期间发生了以黑色页岩为特征的缺氧事件和以大洋红层为特征的富氧环境等许多重大地质事件,从白垩纪大洋缺氧到富氧转化的过程与机制,提出上述两个典型事件是同一原因形成的两个不同结果。一方面,白垩纪大规模的岩浆活动,引起大气中CO2气体浓度的升高和地球内部大量热能释放,并且改变了海陆面积的对比,最终导致大气温度的升高。海水温度的升高和CO2浓度的增加导致海洋环境中溶解O2的降低,缺氧事件随之而产生。另一方面,剧烈的岩浆活动在海底产生大量的富含铁元素的基性和超基性岩,在与海水发生反应时,岩石中的铁元素进入海水中。海水中的铁元素是海洋浮游植物宝贵的营养盐类,其含量的增加可激发浮游植物的大规模繁盛,而这一生命过程可以吸收海水中大量的CO2,并且产生等量的O2。随着海水中O2浓度的不断升高,以富含Fe3 的红色沉积物为特征的海洋富氧环境出现。然而,由岩浆活动引起的缺氧事件和同样由其造成的富氧环境,其机制存在明显的差异,前者以物理、化学过程为主,后者除此之外还演绎了更为复杂的生物—海洋地球化学过程。 相似文献
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Arthur J. Miller Fei Chai Sanae Chiba John R. Moisan Douglas J. Neilson 《Journal of Oceanography》2004,60(1):163-188
Decadal-scale climate variations in the Pacific Ocean wield a strong influence on the oceanic ecosystem. Two dominant patterns
of large-scale SST variability and one dominant pattern of large-scale thermocline variability can be explained as a forced
oceanic response to large-scale changes in the Aleutian Low. The physical mechanisms that generate this decadal variability
are still unclear, but stochastic atmospheric forcing of the ocean combined with atmospheric teleconnections from the tropics
to the midlatitudes and some weak ocean-atmosphere feedbacks processes are the most plausible explanation. These observed
physical variations organize the oceanic ecosystem response through large-scale basin-wide forcings that exert distinct local
influences through many different processes. The regional ecosystem impacts of these local processes are discussed for the
Tropical Pacific, the Central North Pacific, the Kuroshio-Oyashio Extension, the Bering Sea, the Gulf of Alaska, and the California
Current System regions in the context of the observed decadal climate variability. The physical ocean-atmosphere system and
the oceanic ecosystem interact through many different processes. These include physical forcing of the ecosystem by changes
in solar fluxes, ocean temperature, horizontal current advection, vertical mixing and upwelling, freshwater fluxes, and sea
ice. These also include oceanic ecosystem forcing of the climate by attenuation of solar energy by phytoplankton absorption
and atmospheric aerosol production by phytoplankton DMS fluxes. A more complete understanding of the complicated feedback
processes controlling decadal variability, ocean ecosystems, and biogeochemical cycling requires a concerted and organized
long-term observational and modeling effort.
This revised version was published online in July 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date. 相似文献