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1.
Summary The impact of the Arctic Oscillation (AO) on the winter surface air temperature (SAT) over Iran is demonstrated. Winter SAT
data for 50 years (1951–2000) are analyzed for the negative and the positive AO phases. Using the Median Sequential Correlation
Analysis (MSCA) technique it is shown that the winter SAT is negatively correlated to the winter AO index for most parts of
Iran. The winter AO index accounts for about 14% to 46% of the winter SAT variance. The positive (negative) SAT anomaly is
found to be associated with the onset of the negative (positive) phase. The overall probability of below long-term mean temperature
during the positive and the negative phases are estimated to be around 70% and 25%, respectively. For the negative phase,
westerly winds that originate from the warm Atlantic regions increase over Iran and consequently positive temperature anomalies
are found across the country. The positive AO phase is accompanied by northerly winds that allow continental polar and arctic
air masses to move into Iran, producing below normal temperatures. The summer AO is found to explain about 25–32% of the winter
SAT variance in Iran. The reason for this is explained by the significant correlation (+0.38) between the summer and the following
winter AO indices. These results indicate that the summer climate is linked to changes in atmospheric circulation which persist
through to the following autumn and winter. 相似文献
2.
Using NCEP/NCAR reanalysis data, the China rainfall and surface temperature data of the China Meteorological Administration, and the Arctic Oscillation (AO) indices of NOAA, the author investigates relationships between the AO and the precipitation and temperature over China. There exists a good relationship between the AO index in December and the succeeding January precipitation over South China, indicating that when the December AO index is positive (negative), the January precipitation over South China increases (decreases). A remarkable negative correlation between the December AO index and the January surface temperature also exists over South China, indicating that when the December AO index is positive (negative), the January temperature over South China drops (rises). The occurrence of this anomalous climate is related to the anomalies of the atmospheric circulation systems. The December AO greatly influences circulation anomalies in January. A positive phase of the AO is found to lead to a stronger subtropical jet over the south side from the Iran Plateau to the Tibetan Plateau. Consequently, it results in a deepening pressure trough around the Bay of Bengal, which transports the warm and wet air to South China continuously. The Siberian High in January is stronger and extends farther southeastward. It results in continual cold air at 1000 hPa pouring into South China, inducing low temperature. Cooperating with the trough of the Bay of Bengal, anomalous precipitation occurs over South China. For the negative phase of the December AO, the opposite situation is observed. 相似文献
3.
利用NCEP/NCAR再分析资料、北极涛动（AO）指数序列及中国160个台站月温度资料,分析1951-2007年中国冬季气温与AO指数的变化特征及其相互关系。结果表明：1951-2007年AO与中国东部地区冬季气温基本呈正相关关系。中国东部地区冬季气温指数（IWT）与北极涛动指数（IAO）均逐渐增强,并有显著的年际和年代际变化,均存在准18 a的周期变化特征。从偏相关系数来看,在年际尺度上,西伯利亚高压对中国东部地区冬季气温的年际变化影响较大,而AO与冬季气温无显著相关关系;在年代际尺度上,AO对中国东部地区冬季气温的影响较显著,比西伯利亚高压影响大。东亚大槽偏弱时,中国冬季气温偏高,AO指数也偏高,反之则相反。在年际尺度上,东亚大槽对中国东部地区冬季气温的年际变化影响较大,而AO与冬季气温无显著相关关系;在年代际尺度上,AO和东亚大槽对中国冬季气温的变化影响均较显著。 相似文献
4.
利用1950—2013年NCEP/NCAR再分析资料和哈德莱中心的海表面温度资料,统计分析了冬季北极涛动 (AO) 对东亚表面温度的影响。研究发现:冬季AO正位相时,东亚大槽减弱,西伯利亚高压减弱,低层风场异常偏南,东亚冬季风减弱,东亚冬季风区温度升高,而负位相时情况相反。冬季高纬度大气变率大,冬季逐月AO与东亚冬季温度的关系表明1月、2月AO分别与东亚表面温度的相关关系皆可持续2个月以上;AO正位相时,西太平洋海温和东亚表面温度均有所升高,由于海洋运动和变化具有缓慢性和持续性,西太平洋海温可以承载长达4个月的AO信号,西太平洋海温可持续影响东亚地区温度,导致AO持续影响东亚表面温度。 相似文献
5.
根据观测资料的研究指出春季北极涛动(Arctic Oscillation, AO)对随后冬季厄尔尼诺-南方涛动(El Nino–Southern Oscillation, ENSO)的影响具有明显不对称性。春季AO处于正位相时,它对随后冬季厄尔尼诺(El Nino)事件的影响显著,然而春季AO负位相对随后冬季拉尼娜(La Nina)的影响不明显。本研究分析了30个来自CMIP5的耦合模式对春季AO与随后冬季ENSO不对称性关系的模拟能力。30个CMIP5耦合模式中,只有CNRM-CM5和GISS-E2-H-CC模式能较好地抓住春季AO与冬季ENSO的联系。进一步分析这两个模式中春季AO与冬季ENSO的不对称性关系,发现CNRM-CM5模式能较好地再现春季AO与冬季ENSO的非对称关系,即春季AO正(负)位相会导致赤道中东太平洋出现El Nino(La Nina)型海表温度增暖(冷却)。然而,GISS-E2-H-CC模式的模拟结果显示,春季AO对随后冬季ENSO的影响是对称的。本文随后解释了CNRM-CM5(GISS-E2-H-CC)模式能(不能)模拟出春季AO与冬季ENSO不对称关系的原因。对于CNRMCM5模式,在春季AO正位相年,副热带西北太平洋上空存在明显的异常气旋和正降水异常,正降水异常通过Gill型大气响应对赤道西太平洋异常西风的形成和维持起着重要作用,异常西风通过激发向东传播的暖赤道Kelvin波对随后冬季El Nino事件的发生产生显著的影响;然而,在春季AO负位相年,副热带北太平洋的异常反气旋和负降水异常较弱,导致赤道西太平洋的异常东风不明显,因此,春季AO负异常对随后冬季La Nina的影响不显著。所以,CNRM-CM5模式能够较好地抓住春季AO对随后冬季ENSO事件的非对称性影响。相比之下,对于GISS-E2-H-CC模式,春季AO正(负)位相年副热带西北太平洋上存在显著的正(负)降水异常,通过Gill型大气响应在赤道西太平洋激发出明显的异常西(东)风从而影响随后冬季的El Nino(La Nina)事件。因此,在GISS-E2-H-CC模式中,春季AO对随后冬季ENSO具有对称性影响。另外,模式捕捉春季AO对随后冬季ENSO非对称性影响的能力与模式对春季AO空间结构的模拟能力有一定的联系。 相似文献
6.
Ewa Bednorz 《Theoretical and Applied Climatology》2011,106(3-4):547-556
The occurrence of daily air temperature extremes in winter in Central Spitsbergen in the period 1975–2008 was analysed. The mean winter temperature was found to be increasing by approximately 1.65°C per decade. Negative extremes were becoming less frequent, decreasing at a rate of approximately 5 days per decade, whereas the frequency of positive extremes showed a small (2 days per decade) but insignificant positive trend. Furthermore, circulation patterns responsible for positive and negative temperature extremes were analysed. Composite maps of the sea level pressure (SLP) and 500-hPa geopotential heights (z500 hPa) means and anomalies were constructed for the days with positive and negative extremes. Circulation patterns causing extremely warm winter days are characterised by a cyclonic centre or a low pressure trough over the Fram Strait. Cyclones located west of Spitsbergen with a warm sector over the archipelago bring warm air masses from the southern quadrant. On extremely cold days, the cyclone centres are usually located over the Barents Sea. This SLP pattern implies airflow from the north and northeast that brings cold Arctic air to the North Atlantic. Another factor in the occurrence of the temperature extremes in Central Spitsbergen is the sea-ice cover. Negative temperature extremes usually occur together with a high concentration of sea ice, particularly in the middle and end of winter. 相似文献
7.
东北地区冬季气温与北极涛动年代际关系研究 总被引：15，自引：4，他引：15
利用中国160站气温资料、北极涛动指数资料及关国NCEP／NCAR再分析资料中月平均海平面气压场、高度场、风场资料，分析了东北地区冬季气温、冬季北极涛动的年代际特征及其关系。结果表明：在年代际时间尺度上，两者之间存在显著正相关。冬季北极涛动处于低（高）指数期，东北冬季气温为持续冷冬（暖冬）期。可能影响机制是：在地面，冬季北极涛动处于低（高）指数期时，西伯利亚高压增强（减弱），亚洲大陆偏北冬季风增强（减弱），东北为持续冷冬（暖冬）期；在对流层中层，冬季北极涛动处于低（高）指数期时，东亚大槽加深（减弱），贝加尔湖以西以北脊增强（减弱），环流呈经向（纬向）型发展，东北对流层中层偏北风增强（减弱），东北为持续冷冬（暖冬）期。 相似文献
8.
本文利用观测和再分析资料,通过奇异值分解(Singular Value Decomposition, SVD)分析,发现北极涛动(Arctic Oscillation, AO)是显著影响中国夏季降水年际异常的前冬中高纬大气环流变异的主模态。AO在冬季发展成熟,在春季衰亡,在夏季发生位相反转。AO会导致华北、东北、长江中下游和华南夏季降水异常呈现三极型分布。伴随正位相的AO,在黄海至日本海上空的异常低压伴随的东北风异常引起华北和东北水汽通量异常辐散及降水减少,而西北太平洋的异常高压不仅增强其北侧的西南风水汽输送,和北部异常低压共同作用导致长江中下游水汽通量异常辐合及降水增加,而且使得华南水汽通量异常辐散,降水减少。因此,本文发现的前冬AO模态与我国夏季三极型异常降水分布的关系可为我国夏季旱涝预测提供一个重要的中高纬前期因子。 相似文献
9.
基于1979—2015年中国区域CN05.1格点降水以及全球降水气候中心（GPCC）降水等数据资料,采用回归、合成分析等方法,分析了青藏高原东部（简称高原）冬季降水的南、北区域性差异及其年际变化对北极涛动（AO）异常的响应。结果表明:（1）高原北部和南部冬季降水都与AO异常存在密切关系,但降水的年际变化并不一致,对AO异常响应的机理也不同。（2）高原北部冬季降水变化主要和东亚冬季风有关,AO正（负）异常时东亚冬季风减弱（增强）,高原北部对流层各层均为东南（西北）风距平,有（不）利于西太平洋的水汽进入高原北部,导致北部降水增加（减弱）。（3）高原南部冬季降水变化主要和南支槽有关,AO正（负）异常时南支槽加强（减弱）,有（不）利于源自孟加拉湾的水汽北上高原,低层辐合（散）高层辐散（合）,上升（下沉）运动增强,导致南部降水增加（减弱）。简言之,AO通过影响东亚冬季风（南支槽）,进而影响高原北（南）部冬季降水,但AO负异常对高原冬季降水的影响比AO正异常的影响更加显著。 相似文献
10.
北极涛动、极涡活动异常对北半球欧亚大陆冬季气温的影响 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
利用1951-2012年NCEP/NCAR全球月平均500 hPa高度场、气温场等再分析资料,北极涛动（AO）指数,北半球及其4个分区的极涡指数等资料,分析极涡和AO对北半球特别是欧亚大陆冬季气温异常分布的影响。北半球极涡面积指数与北半球气温相关场呈由北向南的“+、-”分布,显著正相关中心位于极区,显著负相关中心位于欧亚大陆中高纬度地区;AO指数与气温的相关场分布与此反位相。极涡各分区面积指数体现与各大洲气温显著相关的地域特征,尤其是亚洲极涡面积指数比AO的相关区域更偏向亚洲和中国东部及沿海地区,能表征亚洲大陆冬季风向中低纬度爆发的某些特征。2006年以来AO指数呈较明显的下降趋势,北半球、亚洲区极涡面积指数呈显著的上升趋势,这是有利于欧亚大陆近几年连续冬季气温异常偏低的年代际背景;2009-2011年北半球欧亚大陆冬季大范围低温事件,不仅与冬季AO负位相明显变强有关（2011年除外）,与北半球以及亚洲区极涡面积指数偏大联系更为密切,亦表明该区域冬季变冷的自然变率明显增强。 相似文献
11.
基于新疆96个气象站1961—2014年月平均气温、北极涛动指数和NCEP/NCAR再分析环流资料,分析了冬季北极涛动异常与新疆同期气温变化的关系及其影响。结果表明:冬季北极涛动指数与新疆冬季平均气温相关较好,42.7%的测站冬季气温与北极涛动指数的相关系数通过0.05显著性水平检验,主要集中在新疆北部地区。在冬季北极涛动指数偏强的7 a,新疆冬季气温偏高、偏低的概率分别为93.0%与6.3%;在冬季北极涛动指数异常偏低的14 a,冬季气温偏高、偏低的概率分别为41.5%和56.1%,偏低概率高于偏高概率。当冬季北极涛动指数偏强时,850 h Pa新疆及其北部广大区域盛行异常偏南风,不利于冷空气南下,新疆冬季气温高;反之,盛行异常偏北风,新疆冬季气温偏低。 相似文献
12.
利用常规观测温度资料和中国国家气候中心提供的环流特征量、NCEP／NCAR再分析资料及美国气候预测中心（CPC）提供的AO指数等,分析了2009年11月至2010年4月中高纬大气环流异常特征,探讨了AO与同期气温的关系。结果表明：黑龙江省冬春气候异常与500hPa大尺度环流背景有关。冬春持续偏冷,对应北半球欧亚中高纬地区呈“-＋-”的波列分布,90°-180°E呈现出“北正南负”的环流形势;北半球极涡面积偏大,冬季东亚大槽位置偏西,春季东亚大槽强度偏强,冬春AO指数持续异常偏强,显著负位相。 相似文献
13.
基于新疆北部区域(简称北疆)37个代表气象站1961—2019年逐月平均气温资料和NCEP/NCAR再分析环流资料,通过经验正交函数(EOF)分解和相关分析方法,研究北疆近58 a冬季气温季节内变化的时空演变特征及其对应的大气环流特征。结果表明:(1)北疆前冬和后冬气温EOF分解的前两个模态在空间上均表现为全区一致变化型和偏西偏北地区与中东部反相变化型。前冬和后冬气温全区一致型的时间系数与同期500 hPa位势高度场呈显著负相关关系区域位于乌拉尔山附近,气温反相变化型的时间系数与同期500 hPa位势高度场呈显著正相关关系区域位于波罗的海附近。(2)北疆冬季气温季节内主要有前后距平一致和前后距平相反两种特征。在北疆冬季气温前后距平相反年份",前冷后暖"时的500 hPa乌拉尔山高压脊减弱消失,欧洲槽东移加深,东亚大槽强度减弱";前暖后冷"时,500 hPa欧洲槽减弱西退,乌拉尔山地区高度场抬升,东亚大槽加深。(3)前冬偏冷时,后冬偏暖的主要原因来自于500 hPa极涡增强,欧洲槽加深;前冬偏暖时,后冬偏冷的大部分原因是受500 hPa欧亚大陆大片的负变高区影响。 相似文献
14.
1—3月北极涛动对北半球热带太平洋和大西洋对流活动的可能影响 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
利用1979—2008年日分辨率的向外长波辐射资料以及NCEP再分析资料,去除ENSO影响后,分析了1—3月北极涛动对热带太平洋和热带大西洋对流活动及降水的可能影响。结果表明北极涛动偏强(弱)时,热带太平洋和大西洋对流活动显著偏强(弱)。北半球热带大洋冬季平均向外长波辐射与北极涛动指数的相关系数存在两个显著负相关区:一个位于中太平洋区,大致包括13°—20°N、160°E—170°W;另外一个位于热带大西洋,显著区覆盖的范围大体包括5°—20°N、15°—70°W。这些区域的降水量也表现出显著的正相关。向外长波辐射、强对流面积指数、强对流强度指数、平均降水量等指标与北极涛动指数的相关均以冬季同期最高,随时间滞后相关迅速减弱。与此对应的对流层低层大气环流也有显著变化,850hPa风场的变化表现为热带太平洋有异常的气旋性环流,气旋中心区与显著强对流和降水异常区一致。而热带大西洋有显著的经向环流辐合和风切变,与异常对流和降水区吻合。海洋模式的模拟结果表明,与北极涛动有关联的海温分布,很大程度上与大气强迫有关,说明热带1—3月降水和对流活动与海温的关联较弱。北极涛动与热带太平洋、大西洋对流和降水活动之间主要是通过大气环流的变动产生联系的。 相似文献
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16.
北极涛动与东亚冬季气候在年际尺度上的联系:准定常行星波的作用 总被引：38，自引：18，他引：20
利用NCEP/NCAR再分析资料和我国160站月平均气温资料,首先采用线性回归的方法分析了从1958至1998年40个冬季北极涛动(AO)与东亚气候异常的关系.结果表明,当AO处于正位相时,东亚地区200 hPa的急流明显北跳,东亚大槽显著减弱,而在中国的华北、东北到西伯利亚出现大范围的地表南风异常,使得低空从西伯利亚到我国的东北、华北以及韩国、日本有显著的暖异常; 而当AO处于负位相时,则往往出现相反的情形.进一步的相关和合成分析发现,准定常行星波活动可以在AO与东亚气候之间起到桥梁作用.AO可以通过影响中高纬平流层下层的西风强弱,进而影响到准定常行星波的垂直传播,使得对流层下层中高纬地区的行星波振幅发生变化,从而导致低层的西伯利亚高压和阿留申低压同时减弱或增强,最终导致东亚地区异常偏暖或偏冷; 其中低层中高纬地区纬向波数2的扰动对西伯利亚高压和阿留申低压的变化起了最主要的作用.作者提出的AO通过影响准定常行星波的活动而导致东亚气候异常的机理,不但强调了西伯利亚高压的贡献,而且特别从波动的意义上强调了阿留申低压的重要性.文中还讨论了值得进一步研究的有关问题. 相似文献
17.
In 2010, the Northern Hemisphere, in particular Russia and Japan, experienced an abnormally hot summer characterized by record-breaking warm temperatures and associated with a strongly positive Arctic Oscillation (AO), that is, low pressure in the Arctic and high pressure in the midlatitudes. In contrast, the AO index the previous winter and spring (2009/2010) was record-breaking negative. The AO polarity reversal that began in summer 2010 can explain the abnormally hot summer. The winter sea surface temperatures (SST) in the North Atlantic Ocean showed a tripolar anomaly pattern—warm SST anomalies over the tropics and high latitudes and cold SST anomalies over the midlatitudes—under the influence of the negative AO. The warm SST anomalies continued into summer 2010 because of the large oceanic heat capacity. A model simulation strongly suggested that the AO-related summertime North Atlantic oceanic warm temperature anomalies remotely caused blocking highs to form over Europe, which amplified the positive summertime AO. Thus, a possible cause of the AO polarity reversal might be the “memory” of the negative winter AO in the North Atlantic Ocean, suggesting an interseasonal linkage of the AO in which the oceanic memory of a wintertime negative AO induces a positive AO in the following summer. Understanding of this interseasonal linkage may aid in the long-term prediction of such abnormal summer events. 相似文献
18.
The effect of the wintertime Arctic Oscillation on springtime vegetation over the northern high latitude region 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Mee-Hyun Cho Gyu-Ho Lim Hyo-Jong Song 《Asia-Pacific Journal of Atmospheric Sciences》2014,50(1):567-573
The winter Arctic Oscillation (AO), a major source of climate variability in the Northern Hemisphere, affects winter and the subsequent spring climate over northern high latitude. Such effects are evident even in the 1st eigenmode of the normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI). The impacts of the winter AO is a dipole pattern between Eurasia and North America; positive (negative) values of the winter AO induce warmer (cooler) and high (low) vegetation activity in the following spring over Eurasia (North America). Regarding the time-lagged response of vegetation, the sea surface temperature (SST) and snow cover contribute to maintaining the large-scale circulation anomaly associated with the AO. 相似文献
19.
春季影响江淮地区的天气尺度气旋活动与同期降水的联系 总被引：2，自引：1，他引：1
本文基于1979~2013年ERA-Interim逐日4次的850 hPa位势高度场资料,利用基于最外围闭合等值线的气旋区客观识别方法得到春季影响江淮地区的二维气旋集,依据水平尺度划分了天气尺度气旋并分析该区域气旋强度的时空分布特征以及气旋活动与站点降水异常的关系,结果表明:天气尺度气旋活动与江淮地区降水异常、强降水事件发生频次均存在显著的正相关关系。气旋活动指数高-低年份差值分析发现,随着气旋活动指数增强,东北亚地区对流层中上层增温并伴随异常高压中心出现,促使其南部南北经向温度梯度以及高空西风急流偏弱。这有利于江淮区域北部异常正涡度平流输入,同时江淮地区对流层低层形成横槽型环流,江淮区域南部及其上游地区对流层中下层出现异常西南气流,有利于江淮区域涡度增大,相应的低空辐合、高空辐散垂直结构,为天气尺度气旋发展与维持提供了有利的动力抬升条件。横槽型异常环流配置有利于江淮区域南部的西南暖湿气流和北部的异常西向/西北向水汽输入和堆积,导致区域云量以及降水异常的增多。 相似文献
20.
The relationship between the Spring Asian Atmospheric circulation and the previous winter Northern Hemisphere annular mode 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
Summary By using the NCEP/NCAR reanalysis data, the Northern Hemisphere annular mode index (NAMI), China dust storm frequency data
and China’s 160-station monthly precipitation data, the relationship between the previous winter (December–February) Northern
Hemisphere annular mode (NAM) and the following spring (March–May) Asian atmospheric circulation is examined statistically
in this study. Results demonstrate that the relationship between the spring Asian atmospheric circulation and the previous
winter NAM is more significant on decadal time scales than on interannual time scales. There are significant negative correlations
between the previous winter NAM and the spring temperature in what is almost a troposphere over Northwest China. There is
a significant positive correlation between the winter NAMI and following spring geopotential height field over the Mongolian
Plateau and Middle Siberia (MPMS) at the upper level. The positive correlation coefficients center moves to the south with
the level from high to low. At lower level the high correlation coefficients center is located over the North China. There
is a significant negative correlation between the winter NAMI and the surface horizontal wind intensity in the following spring
for Northwest China on decadal timescales. The results suggest that a strong NAM in winter is followed by a negative temperature
anomaly and a positive anomaly of the spring 500 hPa geopotential height over the MPMS, while at the same time the spring
anomaly of the southeast wind is experienced in the surface layer in Northwest China, implying that the intensity of the northwest
wind tends to weaken, and vice versa. This circulation pattern can affect the change of the spring dust storm frequency in Northwest China on decadal time scales. 相似文献