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1.
云南冬季降水的演变特征及成因分析 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
利用云南124个气象观测站逐月降水量资料、NCEP/NCAR再分析大气环流资料和海表面温度(SST)资料,分析了云南冬季降水时空演变特征及其相对应的大气环流异常和海温异常。结果表明:(1)云南冬季降水第一模态表现为一致性变化模态,方差贡献为53%,具有显著的准5年周期,该模态具有一定的年代际变化特征。(2)第二模态表现为滇中及以东、以南与滇西及滇西北地区反位相振荡模态,方差贡献为13.4%,具有显著的准3年周期,也具有一定的年代际变化特征。(3)云南冬季降水与大气环流异常密切相关。当云南冬季降水偏多(少)时,中国大陆大部分地区海平面气压偏高(低),近地面冷高压活动频繁(偏少),冷空气易(不易)南下影响云南;500 hPa高度场上,中高纬度贝加尔湖附近高度场偏高(低),该处的脊强(弱),有(不)利于引导北方冷空气南下;同时,中低纬度在孟加拉湾北部高度场偏低(高),南支槽偏强(弱),有(不)利于南方暖湿空气向北输送。来自南海和孟加拉湾的异常水汽输送在云南形成辐合(辐散),从而造成该地区降水异常偏多(少)。(4)云南冬季降水与海温异常也存在密切关系。云南冬季降水偏多、偏少年,太平洋海温差异场呈类似El Nino年的分布:赤道中东太平洋的SST异常偏高,而菲律宾以东的西太平洋SST异常偏低。El Nino年冬季降水以偏多为主;而La Nina年,则以偏少为主。赤道中东太平洋海温异常对云南冬季降水具有一定的潜在预报意义。(5)北极涛动(AO)与云南冬季降水存在密切相关关系。当AO为正(负)位相时,云南冬季降水偏多(少)。同时,AO与云南冬季降水的关系在一定程度上受ENSO事件的制约,在ENSO暖位相时,冬季AO与云南冬季降水密切相关,而在ENSO冷位相时两者间几乎没有联系。 相似文献
2.
华南冬季气温异常与ENSO的关系 总被引：7，自引：2，他引：5
利用1951一2012年华南192个测站逐月气温资料、NCEP/NCAR再分析月资料、NCC的ENSO监测资料,采用相关分析和合成分析等方法分析了华南冬季气温异常与ENSO的关系。结果表明:华南冬季气温对La Nina事件的响应比对E1 Nino事件显著,La Nina事件当年华南冬季气温以偏低为主,极强La Nina事件对应的华南冬季气温显著偏低,而中部型La Nina事件出现过华南冬季气温显著偏高的情况。当La Nina(El Nino)事件为东部型、Nino区海温异常的峰值月份出现在秋冬季,当年华南冬季气温易偏低(高)。从年际尺度上,当La Nina发生时,在对流层低层激发西太平洋异常气旋环流和北风异常,对应对流层中层北太平洋高压、乌拉尔山高压脊和东亚大槽南段均加强,西太平洋副热带高压减弱,东亚中高纬经向环流明显,冬季风偏强,导致我国大部分地区包括华南冬季气温偏冷,反之亦然。El Nino事件对华南冬季气温的影响具有年代际差异。对应华南冬季气温年代际变化的海温变化明显的区域位于北太平洋,而与ENSO关系不明显。 相似文献
3.
太平洋年代际振荡冷、暖背景下ENSO循环的特征 总被引：12，自引：1，他引：11
利用英国气象局哈德莱中心的月平均海温距平资料、美国Scripps海洋研究所联合环境分析中心(JEDAC)的海表和次表层海温观测资料以及NCEP/NCAR再分析资料,研究了太平洋年代际振荡(PDO)不同背景下ENSO循环的特征.结果表明,PDO为ENSO循环提供了一个年代际气候背景,在PDO的暖位相时期,El Nino事件发生的频率较高,强度较强;反之,在PDO的冷位相时期,La Nina事件发生的频率较高,强度较强.而且在不同的太平洋年代际振荡背景下,ENSO循环表现出不同的特征.在PDO冷位相时期,发生El Nino(La Nina)事件时,正(负)的SOTA从西太平洋沿温跃层向东传播,正(负)的SSTA从赤道东太平洋向西扩展到中太平洋,ENSO事件先在赤道东太平洋爆发.在PDO的暖位相时期,发生El Nino(La Nina)事件时,正(负)的SOTA首先出现在赤道中太平洋,然后沿温跃层向东传播,正(负)的SSTA从赤道中太平洋向东扩展到东太平洋,ENSO事件首先在中太平洋爆发.这为ENSO预测提供了新的线索. 相似文献
4.
通过合成的El NiNo和La NiNa的分析发现,一般一个El Nino或La Nina事件大致可以分成爆发前的冬季、发展期的夏季、盛期时的冬季和衰亡期的夏季四个阶段.在此基础上利用NCEP再分析环流资料和中国降水资料分析了东亚冬、夏季风对E1 Nino和LaNina的响应,结果发现,E1 Nino和La Nina事件显著地影响了东亚冬、夏季风的循环.E1Nino爆发前的冬季在东亚地区往往有异常强的北风;El Nino发展期的夏季,西太平洋副热带高压偏弱,同时影响我国的西南气流偏弱,从而江淮地区和南方沿海地区多雨,长江中游和华北地区少雨;E1 Nino盛期的冬季东亚地区则出现异常的南风;而E1 Nino衰亡期的夏季,西太平洋副热带高压偏强,同时影响我国的西南气流偏强,从而江淮地区少雨,华北、东北以及洞庭湖、鄱阳湖地区多雨.La Nina对东亚冬、夏季风循环的影响则与El Nino大致相反,但它的影响不如El ino的影响显著.对强、弱东亚冬季风后的夏季中国降水异常的分析则表明,正是由于与El Nino或La Nina事件有关的海温异常对东亚冬、夏季风循环的影响才导致了东亚冬季风与随后的夏季风存在着紧密的联系;当冬季风异常不是由与ElNiNino或La Nina事件有关的海温异常所引起时,两者之间就缺少显著的联系. 相似文献
5.
关于ENSO本质的进一步研究 总被引：28，自引：5，他引：23
基于ENSO是热带太平洋海气相互作用产物的科学观点,一系列的分析研究表明:赤道太平洋次表层海温异常(SOTA)有明显的年际变化(循环),并且与ENSO发生密切相关;ENSO的真正源区在赤道西太平洋暖池,赤道西太平洋暖池正(负)SOTA沿赤道温跃层东传到东太平洋,导致El Nino(La Nina)的爆发;在暖池正(负)SOTA沿赤道温跃层东传的同时,将有负(正)SOTA沿10°N和10°S两个纬度带向西传播,从而构成SOTA的循环;热带太平洋SOTA年际循环的驱动者主要是由异常东亚季风所引起的赤道西太平洋纬向风的异常.进而,可以提出关于ENSO本质的一种新理论,即ENSO实质上主要是由异常东亚季风引起的赤道西太平洋异常纬向风所驱动的热带太平洋次表层海温距平的年际循环.
相似文献
6.
通过合成的El NiNo和La NiNa的分析发现,一般一个El Nino或La Nina事件大致可以分成爆发前的冬季、发展期的夏季、盛期时的冬季和衰亡期的夏季四个阶段.在此基础上利用NCEP再分析环流资料和中国降水资料分析了东亚冬、夏季风对E1 Nino和LaNina的响应,结果发现,E1 Nino和La Nina事件显著地影响了东亚冬、夏季风的循环.E1Nino爆发前的冬季在东亚地区往往有异常强的北风;El Nino发展期的夏季,西太平洋副热带高压偏弱,同时影响我国的西南气流偏弱,从而江淮地区和南方沿海地区多雨,长江中游和华北地区少雨;E1 Nino盛期的冬季东亚地区则出现异常的南风;而E1 Nino衰亡期的夏季,西太平洋副热带高压偏强,同时影响我国的西南气流偏强,从而江淮地区少雨,华北、东北以及洞庭湖、鄱阳湖地区多雨.La Nina对东亚冬、夏季风循环的影响则与El Nino大致相反,但它的影响不如El ino的影响显著.对强、弱东亚冬季风后的夏季中国降水异常的分析则表明,正是由于与El Nino或La Nina事件有关的海温异常对东亚冬、夏季风循环的影响才导致了东亚冬季风与随后的夏季风存在着紧密的联系;当冬季风异常不是由与ElNiNino或La Nina事件有关的海温异常所引起时,两者之间就缺少显著的联系. 相似文献
7.
使用NCEP/NCAR再分析资料、中国气象局台站降水资料和GPCC降水资料,系统研究了在冬季平流层准两年振荡(Quasi-Biennial Oscillation, QBO)调制下,厄尔尼诺-南方涛动(El Ni?o-Southern Oscillation, ENSO)不同阶段与中国夏季降水的可能联系。根据两者的位相和强度,可将它们的配置分为QBO西风/El Ni?o、QBO西风/La Ni?a、QBO东风/El Ni?o、QBO东风/La Ni?a。研究结果表明,在年际时间尺度上,ENSO和QBO无显著相关关系。冬季QBO西风位相时,El Ni?o发展年夏季,我国整体偏旱,而华南偏涝;衰减年夏季,华南、华东北部偏旱,东北、长江流域偏涝。La Ni?a发展年夏季,我国东部降水异常呈负-正-负的三极分布;衰减年夏季,东南沿海偏涝。冬季QBO东风位相时,El Ni?o发展年夏季,长江以北偏旱;衰减年夏季,我国东部降水异常呈负-正-负的三极分布。La Ni?a发展年夏季,江淮和华南南部偏旱;衰减年夏季,我国东部沿海偏涝。ENSO是影响我国夏季降水异常的重要因子,而QBO的调制作用在ENSO衰减年夏季更为显著。相比冬季QBO东(西)风位相,QBO西(东)风位相时El Ni?o (La Ni?a)期间赤道西太平洋负(正)海温异常更强,衰减年夏季位于西太平洋的异常下沉(上升)运动和印度洋的异常上升(下沉)运动更强更深厚,西太平洋副热带高压范围更大(小),南亚高压更偏东(西)。 相似文献
8.
利用海表温度再分析资料、NCEP/NCAR大气环流再分析资料以及MPI-ESM1-2-LR气候模式PI-Control试验输出数据等,通过对不同强度的厄尔尼诺-南方涛动(El Nino-Southern Oscillation, ENSO)事件所对应的印度洋偶极子(Indian Ocean Dipole, IOD)事件的分析,探讨了ENSO对IOD偏度的调制作用。结果表明,伴随着赤道中东太平洋明显的正海温偏度,秋季印度洋海表温度存在西正东负的偏度。IOD与ENSO之间呈现出较强的非线性关系,且大部分强的正IOD事件对应着强El Nino事件。强El Nino位相下,IOD事件相关的海温与风场表现出很强的响应,强于La Nina事件产生的响应,表现为强的非对称性;相比较而言,弱El Nino事件与La Nina事件下引起的印度洋海温和风场的强度相当,并没有显著的非对称性。因此,ENSO可通过激发非对称的大气遥相关对IOD强度非对称性产生调制作用,印度洋海表温度偏度很大程度上是由强El Nino事件导致的强正IOD事件所贡献。 相似文献
9.
《高原气象》2020,(3)
采用西南120站逐月夏季降水,美国CPC年逐月Nino3.4指数,NCEP/NCAR逐月环流等资料,分析了ENSO事件的季节演变对西南夏季降水的影响及其机制。结果表明,ENSO事件衰减对西南降水有重要影响,这种影响主要由赤道中东太平洋海温影响菲律宾对流活动进而持续调制西太平洋副热带高压(简称西太副高)实现,与ENSO事件的结束季节有重要关联。在El Nino(La Nina)衰减年,随着事件结束时间从冬季向春、夏季推迟,赤道中东太平洋海温释放能量增大(减弱),西太副高向大强西南(小弱东北)的方向发展,加强(抑制)南海的水汽输送,影响着孟加拉湾水汽输送,从而影响西南降水异常分布,其显著区域随着事件结束季节的推迟而扩大,在El Nino衰减次年更为突出。依据能量累积释放效应,从前一年9月开始的逐月Nino3.4区累积海温能更好指示夏季西太副高的强弱和大小,当4-5月的累积海温超过±0.5时,与夏季副高面积、强度指数的符号一致率为100%。因此,能够依据累积海温判断夏季西太副高强弱、大小,从而判断西南夏季降水的异常趋势。 相似文献
10.
两类ENSO对我国华南地区冬季降水的不同影响 总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5
El Nino Modoki是近年发现的赤道太平洋海温异常分布的新特征,主要表现为热带太平洋海温异常为纬向"三极型"分布,与传统的El Nino的"偶极型"分布显著不同。本文利用1979～2010年冬季降水观测资料以及NCEP/NCAR再分析月平均资料,分析了El Nino和El Nino Modoki对我国华南地区冬季降水的不同影响。结果表明,El Nino年冬季,西太平洋副热带高压偏强偏南,我国华南地区受其西侧异常西南风影响,获得充足的水汽供应。另外,高层抽吸作用增强,上升运动加强,对流发展,降水偏多;而El Nino Modoki年冬季,西太平洋副热带高压位置偏北,我国华南地区受高压脊控制。华南地区高层抽吸作用减弱,上升运动减弱,对流减弱,并且水汽供应不足,导致降水偏少。 相似文献
11.
It is known that the wintertime North Pacific Oscillation (NPO) is an important extratropical forcing for the occurrence of an El Ni?o?Southern Oscillation (ENSO) event in the subsequent winter via the “seasonal footprinting mechanism” (SFM). This study reveals that the Atlantic Multidecadal Oscillation (AMO) can notably modulate the relationship between the winter NPO and the following winter ENSO. During the negative AMO phase, the winter NPO has significant impacts on the following winter ENSO via the SFM. In contrast, the influence of the winter NPO on ENSO is not robust at all during the positive AMO phase. Winter NPO-generated westerly wind anomalies over the equatorial western Pacific during the following spring are much stronger during negative than positive AMO phases. It is suggested that the AMO impacts the winter NPO-induced equatorial westerly winds over the western Pacific via modulating the precipitation climatology over the tropical central Pacific and via modulating the connection of the winter NPO with spring sea surface temperature in the tropical North Atlantic. 相似文献
12.
Summary In this paper, we first examine the relationship of El Nino and La Nina events with the westerly wind anomalies over the
western Pacific warm pool. On this basis, the roles of the Asian and Australian winter monsoons in the formation and progress
of the westerly wind anomalies are studied. Finally, we analyze the associations of the Asian and Australian winter monsoons,
the westerly wind anomalies and the El Nino and La Nina alternations with the propagating anomalies of the Southern and Northern
Oscillation.
The results show that the westerly wind bursts are frequent over the Maritime Continent and western Pacific, only those which
can further intensify and propagate eastward are accompanied by an El Nino event. It is identified that the establishment
and eastward propagation of westerly wind bursts are related to enhanced East Asian and Australian winter monsoon, respectively.
The activities of the East Asian and Australian winter monsoon, the variation of the Pacific westerly and trade winds and
the alternate appearance of El Nino and La Nina events should be internally connected. The main agents of this relationship
are the eastward propagation of alternate positive and negative height anomalies associated with the Southern and Northern
Oscillation on a 3–5 year time scale over the south and north tropical Pacific.
Received January 4, 1998/Revised January 19, 1999 相似文献
13.
ENSO循环与亚、澳季风和南、北方涛动的关系 总被引：10，自引：0，他引：10
文中从研究 ENSO循环的成因出发 ,分析了厄尔尼诺 ( El Nino)和拉尼娜 ( La Nina)的产生与西太平洋暖池地区西风异常的关系 ;在此基础上 ,探讨了西太平洋西风异常的形成和变化与亚洲和澳大利亚冬季风的关系 ;最后 ,分析了亚、澳冬季风的活动 ,西太平洋西风异常的形成和东传 ,以及厄尔尼诺和拉尼娜的交替出现等现象与南方涛动和北方涛动传播波的联系。 相似文献
14.
Complex Singular Value Decomposition(CSVD)analysis technique was applied to study theQuasi Four year Oscillation(QFO)of air sea interaction and its coupled pattern evolution duringdifferent phases.Results show that:(1)CSVD method can better reveal phase relation betweentwo physical fields:(2)Not only northerly anomalies from Northern Hemisphere but alsosoutherly anomalies from Southern Hemisphere contribute to EI Nino.They converge in westernequatorial Pacific,leading to outburst of strong equatorial westerly anomalies,and result in strongEl Nino event onset:(3)An abnormal subtropical anticyclone circulation appears overnorthwestern Pacific while El Nino developing.It favors transitions from the warm SST(EINino)to the cold SST(La Nina),just as the tropical westerly anomalies produced by abnormalcyclone during a decaying La Nina.which encourage the development of El Nino:(4)Thewesterly anomalies in equatorial Pacific are mainly induced by eastward abnormal subtropicalcyclone pairs,which are located in north and south Pacific respectively,and are not the eastwardwesterly anomalies from equatorial Indian Ocean. 相似文献
15.
Complex Singular Value Decomposition(CSVD)analysis technique was applied to study the Quasi Four year Oscillation(QFO)of air sea interaction and its coupled pattern evolution during different phases.Results show that:(1)CSVD method can better reveal phase relation between two physical fields:(2)Not only northerly anomalies from Northern Hemisphere but also southerly anomalies from Southern Hemisphere contribute to EI Nino.They converge in western equatorial Pacific,leading to outburst of strong equatorial westerly anomalies,and result in strong El Nino event onset:(3)An abnormal subtropical anticyclone circulation appears over northwestern Pacific while El Nino developing.It favors transitions from the warm SST(EINino)to the cold SST(La Nina),just as the tropical westerly anomalies produced by abnormal cyclone during a decaying La Nina.which encourage the development of El Nino:(4)The westerly anomalies in equatorial Pacific are mainly induced by eastward abnormal subtropical cyclone pairs,which are located in north and south Pacific respectively,and are not the eastward westerly anomalies from equatorial Indian Ocean. 相似文献
16.
The influence of the spring AO on ENSO has been demonstrated in several recent studies. This analysis further explores the physical process of the influence of AO on ENSO using the NCEP/NCAR reanalysis data over the period 1958–2010. We focus on the formation of the westerly wind burst in the tropical western Pacific, and examine the evolution and formation of the atmospheric circulation, atmospheric heating, and SST anomalies in association with the spring AO variability. The spring AO variability is found to be independent from the East Asian winter monsoon activity. The spring AO associated circulation anomalies are supported by the interaction between synoptic-scale eddies and the mean-flow and its associated vorticity transportation. Surface wind changes may affect surface heat fluxes and the oceanic heat transport, resulting in the SST change. The AO associated warming in the equatorial SSTs results primarily from the ocean heat transport in the face of net surface heat flux damping. The tropical SST warming is accompanied by anomalous atmospheric heating in the subtropical north and south Pacific, which sustains the anomalous westerly wind in the equatorial western Pacific through a Gill-like atmospheric response from spring to summer. The anomalous westerly excites an eastward propagating and downwelling equatorial Kelvin wave, leading to SST warming in the tropical central-eastern Pacific in summer-fall. The tropical SST, atmospheric heating, and atmospheric circulation anomalies sustain and develop through the Bjerknes feedback mechanism, which eventually result in an El Niño-like warming in the tropical eastern Pacific in winter. 相似文献
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AIR-SEA COUPLING FEATURES FROM THE WARM PHASE TO THE COLD PHASE OF ENSO CYCLES IN THE SEVENTIES TO THE EIGHTIES* 
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下载免费PDF全文 Using the sea surface temperature and wind anomalies(SSTA and SSWA for short) of the tropical Pacific from January 1970 to December 1989,main spatial patterns of tropical Pacific SSTA and SSWA coupling features in the transform course from the warm phase to the cold phase of El Nino-southern Oscillation(ENSO) cycles are discussed.The main conclusions are as follows:(1)air-sea coupling patterns at the mature stage of El Nino(La Nina) are main spatial ones of tropical Pacific SSWA and SSTA coupling:(2)at the mature stage of El Nino,the interaction of the anticyclonic anomaly wind,generated by the forcing of distinct meridional SSTA gradient in the Northern Hemisphere tropical central Pacific.with the California cold current and SSTA is mainly responsible for weakening of El Nino;(3)the second sea temperature increase along the South American coast in the decaying course of El Nino results from the eastward movement of the weakened positive SSTA in the tropical central-eastern Pacific forced by anomalous west wind stress:(4)La Nina results from the joint effect of Walker circulation,Ekman drift and negative SSTA in the tropical central-eastern Pacific. 相似文献
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Using the sea surface temperature and wind anomalies(SSTA and SSWA for short)of thetropical Pacific from January 1970 to December 1989,main spatial patterns of tropical PacificSSTA and SSWA coupling features in the transform course from the warm phase to the cold phaseof El Nino-southern Oscillation(ENSO)cycles are discussed.The main conclusions are as follows:(1)air-sea coupling patterns at the mature stage of ElNino(La Nina)are main spatial ones of tropical Pacific SSWA and SSTA coupling:(2)at themature stage of El Nino,the interaction of the anticyclonic anomaly wind,generated by the forcingof distinct meridional SSTA gradient in the Northern Hemisphere tropical central Pacific.with theCalifornia cold current and SSTA is mainly responsible for weakening of El Nino;(3)the secondsea temperature increase along the South American coast in the decaying course of El Nino resultsfrom the eastward movement of the weakened positive SSTA in the tropical central-eastern Pacificforced by anomalous west wind stress:(4)La Nina results from the joint effect of Walkercirculation,Ekman drift and negative SSTA in the tropical central-eastern Pacific. 相似文献
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亚澳季风异常与ENSO准四年变化的联系分析 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
分析了赤道地区纬向风的年际变化特征，以及亚澳季风与ENSO在各个位相的联系。结果表明：赤道纬向风变化与中东太平洋海温变化在准四年周期上是强烈耦合的；在El Eino期间东亚冬季风弱，夏季风强，而南亚夏季风弱，反之，在La Nina期间东亚冬季风强，夏季风弱，而南亚夏季风强；东亚地区的异常北风有利于西太平洋西风异常爆发，使得东太平洋海温升高，但只有随后在中东太平洋出现持续性西风异常，El Nino才能发展，其中来自太平洋中部的异常北风（并不是来自东亚大陆地区）和南太平洋中部的异常南风的辐合对中东太平洋出现持续性西风异常起重要的作用，尤其是澳大利亚东北部的季风异常的影响更为显。 相似文献