共查询到19条相似文献，搜索用时 78 毫秒
1.
利用海气耦合和大气气候模式研究东亚冬季风异常对夏季环流的影响, 结果表明, 东亚冬季风异常对于后期环流及海洋状态异常都起了很大的作用.一般情况下, 强的冬季风与后期弱的东亚夏季风和较强的南海季风相对应.与强(弱)冬季风异常相关的风应力的改变可以使热带太平洋海温从冬季至夏季呈现La Nina (El Nio)型异常分布.试验得到的由冬季风异常所产生的海洋及夏季环流的变化与实况是相当接近的.在异常的冬季风偏北风分量强迫下, 西太平洋上形成的偏差气旋环流在夏季已不存在, 这时东亚夏季风反而增强.而冬季赤道西风分量所产生的影响, 则在西太平洋上形成显著的偏差气旋环流, 使东亚副热带夏季风减弱, 南海夏季风加强.对于东亚大气环流而言, 与强弱冬季风对应的热带海洋海温异常强迫下, 不仅是冬季, 后期春季和夏季环流的特征都能得到很好的模拟.但是从分区看, 西太平洋暖池区的海温异常比东太平洋更为重要.单纯的热带中东太平洋的海温异常对东亚大气环流的影响主要表现在冬季, 对后期的影响并不十分清楚.整个热带海洋的异常型分布(不论是El Nio还是La Nia)型, 对冬夏季风的影响是重要的, 而单纯的某个地区的海温异常都比它的整体影响要小.从试验结果看, 海温在大尺度冬夏季环流的隔季相关中起了十分重要的作用. 相似文献
2.
利用ERA-Interim再分析资料、NOAA海温资料、CMAP格点降水资料和中国气象站降水资料,通过合成、相关和回归分析等方法研究了1979—2012年东亚夏季风强度与其先兆信号的关系,并分析了热带海温异常的可能影响。研究表明:东亚夏季风先兆指数反映了2月200 hPa纬向风距平的主要模态特征 (EOF1),前冬热带中东太平洋海温偏低 (高),2月亚洲地区西风急流位置偏北 (偏南),东亚夏季风先兆指数偏强 (弱)。前期热带海温异常对东亚夏季风强度有明显影响,前冬热带中东太平洋海温偏低 (高) 有利于东亚夏季风偏强 (弱)。2月亚洲中纬度地区纬向风异常特征在春季不能持续,先兆信号与东亚夏季风强度的联系主要源自热带海洋。 相似文献
3.
在以赤道低平流层纬向风垂直切变为依据划分平流层QBO位相的基础上，讨论了赤道低平流层纬向风QBO与对流层环流及东亚季风的关系。结果表明：强冬季风和弱夏季风对应着赤道低平流层纬向风的东风切变位相，强夏季风和弱冬季风对应着赤道低平流层西风切变位相，赤道低平流层纬向风QBO对对流层环流有一定影响，冬春季节平流层与对流层的相互作用比夏秋季节明显。 相似文献
4.
5.
用全球海气耦合气候模式和海洋模式进行各种敏感性试验,研究东亚冬季风异常对El Ni(n)o事件形成的作用.结果表明东亚冬季风异常对于海洋热状态起了很大的作用.强冬季风年冬季所对应的海温距平为La Ni(n)a型,但在与冬季风异常相对应的风应力作用下,通过海气相互作用,由于赤道西太平洋西风异常和海温正距平的东传,可以使海温向着El Ni(n)o型分布发展;弱冬季风年冬季所对应的海温距平为El Ni(n)o型,后期则会转成La Ni(n)a型.冬季风异常的偏北风分量及赤道西风分量对海温所产生的影响各有差异,前者更多地影响太平洋西岸及暖池区,后者则对整个赤道太平洋热状态特别是El Ni(n)o形成起了重要的作用.在El Ni(n)o发展过程中起决定作用的主要不是风应力的强度,更关键的是异常风应力的持续时间.由于风应力的持续作用,El Ni(n)o发展特征更加显著.与冬季风异常相对应的纬向风分量特别是西风异常在El Ni(n)o发展中起主导作用;在单纯的海洋模式中经向风异常只能改变局地的西太平洋海温,并不能使东太平洋海温产生响应,即没有出现赤道暖水的东传过程.试验表明,海气耦合模式较单纯的海洋模式能更好地反映海气相互作用及El Ni(n)o的形成. 相似文献
6.
2019/2020年冬季,我国大部分地区气温显著偏高,降水异常偏多,气候总体表现为“暖湿”的异常特征。异常成因分析表明：2019/2020年东亚冬季风强度较常年同期偏弱,西伯利亚高压异常偏弱,季节内冬季风强度阶段性变化特征显著;北极极涡收缩于极地,强度偏强,AO为异常偏强的正位相,乌拉尔山阻塞高压活动偏弱,东亚槽偏弱,欧亚中高纬以纬向环流为主;西太平洋副热带高压强度偏强、位置偏西偏北,印缅槽阶段性活跃,二者有利于太平洋和印度洋水汽向我国输送。受北半球环流异常的影响,我国冬季出现了“暖湿”的异常特征。进一步对东亚冬季风偏弱的可能原因分析表明：2019年秋冬季赤道中太平洋暖海温发展,2019年10月至2020年1月Ni〖AKn~D〗o3.4指数均大于0.5℃,这种类中部型El Ni〖AKn~D〗o海温异常有利于激发偏强、偏北的西北太平洋反气旋,进而抑制了东亚冬季风的发展和南下;此外,冬季北半球极涡收缩于极地,强度偏强,AO持续异常偏强的正位相,均不利于乌拉尔山阻塞高压的发展,且东亚大槽明显偏弱,共同导致了欧亚中高纬地区以纬向环流为主,东亚冬季风偏弱。 相似文献
7.
运用相关及滑动相关的计算技术，讨论了近百年东亚冬季风与ENSO循环的相互关系及其年代际异常。研究指出，东亚冬季风与赤道东太平洋海温的年际关系具有年代际的变化特征；季风与ENSO循环的关系受到季风的QBO以及季风-海洋的年代际背景场配置关系的共同作用；当季风与海洋的背景场处于同样状态时，强冬季风有利于第二年冬季赤道东太平洋的升温，产生El Ni?o事件；当两者的背景场处于反位相状态时，强冬季风对应于第二年冬季的La Ni?a位相。 相似文献
8.
东亚季风指数及其与大尺度热力环流年际变化关系 总被引：24，自引：1，他引：23
将东西向海平面气压差与低纬度高、低层纬向风切变相结合 ,定义了东亚季风指数 ,该季风指数较好地反映了东亚冬、夏季风变化。其中 ,夏季风指数年际异常对西太平洋副热带高压南北位置变化和长江中下游旱涝具有较强的反映能力。分析表明 :东亚夏季风年际变化与印度洋 -西太平洋上空反 Walker环流及夏季越赤道南北半球间的季风环流呈显著正相关关系。在强、弱异常东亚夏季风年份 ,异常的 Walker环流在西太平洋上的辐合 (辐散 )中心在垂直方向不重合 ,高层 ( 2 0 0 h Pa)速度势与东亚夏季风显著相关区域位于西北太平洋上 ,该异常环流的高层的辐合 (辐散 )通过改变低层空气质量而影响夏季 50 0 h Pa西北太平洋副热带高压。采用 SVD分析进一步发现 :与海温耦合的异常 Walker环流在西太平洋上空的上升支表现出南北半球关于赤道非对称结构 ,亚澳季风区受该异常 Walker环流控制。因而 ,东亚季风与热带海气相互作用可直接通过这种纬向非对称的 Walker环流发生联系。 相似文献
9.
春季赤道东太平洋海温异常与东亚夏季风的关系 总被引：9，自引：3，他引：6
定义了新的东亚季风指数,分析表明该季风指数能够更好地反映西太平洋副高的季节变化和年际变化。以此为基础讨论了春季赤道东太平洋海温异常、夏季西太平洋副高及东亚夏季风三者之是的关系,指出春季赤道东太平洋海温偏暖年,夏季西太平洋副高偏南、偏强、偏西,东亚夏季风偏弱,长江流域夏季多雨,华南、河套及其以东地区少雨;春季赤道东太平洋海温偏冷年则反之。 相似文献
10.
利用NCEP/NCAR再分析资料、Hadley中心海温资料及CMAP降水资料等,通过亚澳季风联合指数挑选异常年份,对东亚夏季风和澳洲冬季风强度反相变化特征进行研究。结果表明,当东亚夏季风偏强、澳洲冬季风偏弱时,南北半球中低纬地区都出现了复杂的异常环流系统。在热带地区对流层低层,西北太平洋为异常反气旋式环流系统所控制,与南太平洋赤道辐合带的异常反气旋环流在赤道地区发生耦合,形成赤道异常东风,而在南北印度洋上则存在两个异常气旋式环流系统。在这两对异常环流之间的海洋性大陆地区,出现赤道以南为反气旋环流而赤道以北为气旋式环流。在东亚季风区,东南沿海的东侧海洋上存在反气旋异常,中国东南地区受异常反气旋西南侧的东南风影响。此外,澳洲北部受异常西风影响。这就形成了东亚夏季风偏强、澳洲冬季风偏弱的情形,从而东亚夏季风和澳洲冬季风活动出现了强弱互补的变化特征。当东亚夏季风偏弱、澳洲冬季风偏强时,南北半球的环流特征则出现与上述相反的环流特征。总体而言,当东亚夏季风偏强、澳洲冬季风偏弱时,东亚—澳洲季风区在南北半球呈现出不同的气候异常分布特征,即北半球降水北少南多、气温北高南低,南半球降水西多东少、气温西高东低。 相似文献
11.
Influence of North Atlantic sea surface temperature (SST) anomalies on tropical Pacific SST anomalies is examined. Both summer and winter North Atlantic SST anomalies are negatively related to central-eastern tropical Pacific SST anomalies in the subsequent months varying from 5 to 13?months. In particular, when the North Atlantic is colder than normal in the summer, an El Ni?o event is likely to be initiated in the subsequent spring in the tropical Pacific. Associated with summer cold North Atlantic SST anomalies is an anomalous cyclonic circulation at low-level over the North Atlantic from subsequent October to April. Corresponded to this local response, an SST-induced heating over the North Atlantic produces a teleconnected pattern, similar to the East Atlantic/West Russia teleconnection. The pattern features two anticyclonic circulations near England and Lake Baikal, and two cyclonic circulations over the North Atlantic and near the Caspian Sea. The anticyclonic circulation near Lake Baikal enhances the continent northerlies, and strengthens the East-Asian winter monsoon. These are also associated with an off-equatorial cyclonic circulation in the western Pacific during the subsequent winter and spring, which produces equatorial westerly wind anomalies in the western Pacific. The equatorial westerly wind anomalies in the winter and spring can help initiate a Pacific El Ni?o event following a cold North Atlantic in the summer. 相似文献
12.
The influence of the spring AO on ENSO has been demonstrated in several recent studies. This analysis further explores the physical process of the influence of AO on ENSO using the NCEP/NCAR reanalysis data over the period 1958–2010. We focus on the formation of the westerly wind burst in the tropical western Pacific, and examine the evolution and formation of the atmospheric circulation, atmospheric heating, and SST anomalies in association with the spring AO variability. The spring AO variability is found to be independent from the East Asian winter monsoon activity. The spring AO associated circulation anomalies are supported by the interaction between synoptic-scale eddies and the mean-flow and its associated vorticity transportation. Surface wind changes may affect surface heat fluxes and the oceanic heat transport, resulting in the SST change. The AO associated warming in the equatorial SSTs results primarily from the ocean heat transport in the face of net surface heat flux damping. The tropical SST warming is accompanied by anomalous atmospheric heating in the subtropical north and south Pacific, which sustains the anomalous westerly wind in the equatorial western Pacific through a Gill-like atmospheric response from spring to summer. The anomalous westerly excites an eastward propagating and downwelling equatorial Kelvin wave, leading to SST warming in the tropical central-eastern Pacific in summer-fall. The tropical SST, atmospheric heating, and atmospheric circulation anomalies sustain and develop through the Bjerknes feedback mechanism, which eventually result in an El Niño-like warming in the tropical eastern Pacific in winter. 相似文献
13.
ENSO冷暖位相影响东亚冬季风与东亚夏季风联系的非对称性 总被引：6，自引：4，他引：2
东亚冬季风（East Asian Winter Monsoon,简称EAWM）和东亚夏季风（East Asian Summer Monsoon,简称EASM）作为东亚季风系统的两个组成部分,他们之间存在显著的转换关系。前人的研究表明EAWM与次年EASM的转换关系只有在ENSO事件发生时才显著,然而这些研究都是基于ENSO对大气环流的影响是对称的这一假设下进行的。本文的研究表明EAWM和次年EASM的转换关系在ENSO冷暖事件中存在着明显的不对称性。通过将EAWM分为与ENSO有关的部分（EAWMEN）和与ENSO无关的部分（EAWMRES）,我们发现在强EAWMEN年（即La Ni?a年）,在西北太平洋会存在一个从冬季维持到次年夏季的气旋性环流异常（the anomalous western North Pacific Cyclone,WNPC）,从而造成EASM偏弱;而在弱EAWMEN年（即El Ni?o年时）,在西北太平洋会存在一个从冬季维持到次年夏季的反气旋性环流异常（the anomalous western North Pacific anticyclone,WNPAC）,从而引起次年EASM偏强。比较而言,WNPAC的位置比WNPC的位置偏南,且强度更强,因而在El Ni?o年能够引起次年EASM更大幅度的增强。造成这一不对称联系的主要原因是热带太平洋和印度洋异常海温的演变差异。在强EAWMEN年,热带太平洋的负海温异常衰减地较慢,使得在次年夏季仍然维持着显著的负异常海温;相反,在弱EAWMEN年,热带太平洋的正海温异常衰减地较快,以至于在次年夏季的异常海温信号已经基本消失,但此时印度洋却有着显著的暖海温异常。海温演变的差异进一步造成了大气环流的差异,从而导致EAWM与次年EASM联系的不对称性。 相似文献
14.
A FURTHER STUDY ON INTERACTION BETWEEN ANOMALOUS WINTER MONSOON IN EAST ASIA AND EL NINO 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
李崇银 《Acta Meteorologica Sinica》1996,(3)
The interaction between anomalous winter monsoon in East Asia and El Nino is further stud-ied in this paper.The new results still more proved a previous conclusion:there are clear interac-tions between El Nino and winter monsoon in East Asia.The continual westerly burst andstronger cumulus convection over the equatorial central-western Pacific caused by stronger wintermonsoon in East Asia can respectively excite anomalous oceanic Kelvin wave and stronger atmo-spheric intraseasonal oscillation in the tropics,then excite the El Nino event through air-sea inter-action.In El Nino winter,there are warmer and weaker winter monsoons in East Asia.The El Ni-no will still reduce the intensity of intraseasonal oscillation and leads it to be barotropic structure. 相似文献
15.
东亚冬季风异常与ENSO循环关系的进一步研究 总被引：17，自引：3，他引：14
通过对1955～1989年35年的观测资料的合成分析,进一步指出东亚冬季风与ElNino、LaNina事件存在着明显的相互作用、相互影响的循环关系.这种循环关系一方面表现在异常强(弱)东亚冬季风通过激发赤道中西太平洋地区的异常西(东)风以及强(弱)对流活动,而最终使得ElNino(LaNina)事件爆发;另一方面,ElNino(LaNina)的爆发将通过大气遥响应,使得东亚冬季风偏弱(强).功率谱分析也表明,东亚冬季风与ENSO循环相互作用主要表现在3～5年的周期上,同时准2年周期也很明显.
相似文献
16.
Li Chongyin 《Acta Meteorologica Sinica》1996,10(3):309-320
The interaction between anomalous winter monsoon in East Asia and El Nino is further studied in this paper.The new results still more proved a previous conclusion:there are clear interactions between El Nino and winter monsoon in East Asia.The continual westerly burst andstronger cumulus convection over the equatorial central-western Pacific caused by stronger wintermonsoon in East Asia can respectively excite anomalous oceanic Kelvin wave and stronger atmospheric intraseasonal oscillation in the tropics,then excite the El Nino event through air-sea interction.In El Nino winter,there are warmer and weaker winter monsoons in East Asia.The El Nino will still reduce the intensity of intraseasonal oscillation and leads it to be barotropic structure. 相似文献
17.
Summary In this paper, we first examine the relationship of El Nino and La Nina events with the westerly wind anomalies over the
western Pacific warm pool. On this basis, the roles of the Asian and Australian winter monsoons in the formation and progress
of the westerly wind anomalies are studied. Finally, we analyze the associations of the Asian and Australian winter monsoons,
the westerly wind anomalies and the El Nino and La Nina alternations with the propagating anomalies of the Southern and Northern
Oscillation.
The results show that the westerly wind bursts are frequent over the Maritime Continent and western Pacific, only those which
can further intensify and propagate eastward are accompanied by an El Nino event. It is identified that the establishment
and eastward propagation of westerly wind bursts are related to enhanced East Asian and Australian winter monsoon, respectively.
The activities of the East Asian and Australian winter monsoon, the variation of the Pacific westerly and trade winds and
the alternate appearance of El Nino and La Nina events should be internally connected. The main agents of this relationship
are the eastward propagation of alternate positive and negative height anomalies associated with the Southern and Northern
Oscillation on a 3–5 year time scale over the south and north tropical Pacific.
Received January 4, 1998/Revised January 19, 1999 相似文献
18.
By prescribing sea surface temperature anomalies(SSTAs)over eastern equatorial Pacific inJanuary—March,the lag influence of ENSO(El Nino and La Nina)on monsoon over East Asiahas been studied.The results suggest that,due to the excitation of atmospheric low-frequencyoscillation by the SSTA,ENSO has significant lag influence on the monsoon over East Asia.During the summer after E1 Nino,the subtropical high over western Pacific is intensified andshows the northward and westward displacement,meanwhile,the rainfall over East China isbelow normal,especially in North China:during the winter after E1 Nino,both the Asian troughand the winter monsoon over East Asia are strengthened.During the summer after La Nina,theanomalous subtropical high prevails over the lower reaches of Yangtze(Changjiang)River,therainfall between Yangtze and Huaihe Rivers is below normal:during the winter after La Nina,both the Asian trough and the winter monsoon over East Asia are weaker.Compared with LaNina,the effect of El Nino is stronger,but it is not always opposite to the one of La Nina. 相似文献
19.
In this paper, the relation between Asian summer monsoon circulation and sea surface temperature anomalies over equatorial central-eastern Pacific is investigated by using a global spectral model. This model has nine layers in the vertical and the model variables are represented in the horizontal as truncated expansions of the surface spherical harmonics with rhomboidal truncation at wave number 15. The model involves comparatively complete physical pro-cesses and parameterizations with mountains.Using the above model, two experimental schemes are designed, namely control case and anomalous sea surface temperature case. The above two schemes are respectively integrated for forty days and the simulated results are ob-tained from the last 30-day averaged simulations.The simulations show that positive SST anomalies over equatorial central-eastern Pacific weakens Indian mon-soon circulation, decreases precipitation in Indian sub-continent whereas it intensifies East Asian monsoon circula-tion and increases precipitation in East Asian area. All these results reflect the characteristics of Asian summer mon-soon during the El Nino period. In this paper, SST anomalies over equatorial central-eastern Pacific have a direct in-fluence on the intensity and position of subtropical high via the wave train over Northern Hemisphere, which is simi-lar to that suggested by Nitta (1987) and the wave train over Southern Hemisphere has an influence on the intensity of Mascarene high and Australia high resulting in affecting cross equatorial flow. As a result, atmospheric interior heat sources and sinks are redistributed because of the change of cross equatorial flow. And the response of atmos-phere to the new heat source and sink has a significant influence on Asian summer monsoon. 相似文献