共查询到17条相似文献，搜索用时 109 毫秒
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本第一部分，在一个简化的二层模式中，求解大气波动方程，得到了二维波状起伏地形上扰动流线的分析解，研究在上、下两层大气中，不同的温度廓线和风速廓线情况下，地形引起扰动流场形式，同时讨论了支配扰动振幅的大气因子和地形特征。章第二部分，利用大气非静力方程组求出几种大气条件下流场扰动的数值解，并和分析解做了比较。 相似文献
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本文利用赤道β平面近似下的线性化扰动方程组,假定无外源强迫和基本大气为等温大气的情况下求解,对于v’=0的Kelvin波的特解,得到了波动的能量和动量的铅直输送的结果。在波动位相下传的情况下,波动向上输送能量和西风角动量。这从理论上印证了Kelvin波在铅直方向的能量和动量输送特征,也提示了Kelvin波对准两年振荡(QBO)中西风位相的建立和下传的作用。 相似文献
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地形对热带大气超长尺度Rossby波动的影响 总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5
应用赤道β平面近似，建立一个简单的正压大气半地转浅水线性模式，在连续方程中引入地形的作用，讨论地形对热带大气超长尺度Ｒｏｓｓｂｙ波的影响。结果分析表明，起伏不平的于形动力抬升作用导致热带大气超长尺度Ｒｏｓｓｂｙ波动不稳定并且影响波动的特性。 相似文献
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在地形相关函数与地形高度函数近似相等的假设下,利用一种解析方法得到多种典型地形影响下的大气中尺度运动的定常解析解以及对应的气流运动情况。结果表明,在地形上风方的水平方向不呈现波动形态;低(浅)的地形不会在大气中形成急流和转子。对各种有一定高(深)度的地形,当Froude数Fr 1/π时,大气波动仅出现在地形附近,低层流线接近地形,向上则波动有所减弱;当1/πFr1/(2π)时,该波动不仅出现在地形附近,还出现在地形的下风方,波长与地形的水平尺度无关,仅取决于背景场,且向上波动仍有所减弱;当Fr1/(2π)时,在地形下风方的大气中层,会形成一支急流,再往下风方,该急流又分为两支,一支位于大气高层,一支位于大气低层,并又会在大气中层再度汇合;在该急流的一侧或两侧,会出现转子;在奇异值Fr=(nπ)-1上出现间断,扰动会出现一个急剧增强的现象。 相似文献
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高空急流加速与低层锋生 总被引：27，自引：10，他引：27
本文从动力学上找到了低层锋生函数同急流区内纬向平均风加速的关系,指出高空急流加速有利于大气低层锋生,并从天气学的角度给出了高空急流加速同低层大气锋生的环流形态特征。即高空波的动量和热量通量在急流区的辐合,促使高空急流加速,并引起急流入口区上下层之间的质量调整,在急流轴高度以下出现一个反环流,反环流的上升支同其下原有的弱锋前的上滑爬升气流发生耦合,造成上滑气流加强,低层锋面坡度变陡,冷暖对比明显,引起大气低层锋生。 相似文献
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A stability analysis of the coupled ocean–atmosphere is presented which shows that the potential energy (PE) of the upper layer of the ocean is available to generate coupled growing planetary waves. An independent analysis suggests that the growth of these waves would be maintained in the presence of oceanic friction. The growing waves are a consequence of relaxing the rigid lid approximation on the ocean, thus allowing an upward transfer of energy across the sea surface. Using a two and a half layer model consisting of an atmospheric planetary boundary layer, coupled with a two layer ocean comprising an active upper layer and a lower layer in which the velocity perturbation is vanishingly small, it is shown that coupled unstable waves are generated, which extract PE from the main thermocline. The instability analysis is an extension of earlier work [Tellus 44A (1992) 67], which considered the coupled instability of an atmospheric planetary boundary layer coupled with an oceanic mixed layer, in which unstable waves were generated which extract PE from the seasonal thermocline. The unstable wave is an atmospheric divergent barotropic Rossby wave, which is steered by the zonal wind velocity, and has a wavelength of about 6000 km, and propagates eastward at the speed of the deep ocean current. It is argued that this instability, which has a multidecadal growth time constant, may be generated in the Southern Ocean, and that its properties are similar to observations of the Antarctic Circumpolar Wave (ACW). 相似文献
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利用探空、地面自动气象站、多普勒天气雷达和NCEP/NCAR再分析等资料,对2006年4月28日影响山东大部的强飑线过程的中尺度结构进行了诊断分析。此次强飑线是由东北冷涡横槽沿西北气流下滑激发对流发展形成的,冷涡横槽底部为后倾的干冷下沉气流区,干空气侵入有利于位势不稳定能量的储存。冷涡横槽在300 hPa最为强盛,并连接横槽前后南北两支急流,对流层顶折叠特征明显;高空横槽区的地转调整运动引发中尺度重力波,促进了高空急流动量向对流层中下部的传输,加剧了地面大风灾害。风暴发生区具有明显的等熵面倾斜、对流不稳定和垂直风切变,具有倾斜涡度剧烈发展的条件。风暴发生区中低层散度场、垂直速度场和地面风压扰动场均具有典型中尺度重力波的结构特征,风暴和中尺度重力波相互耦合促进,是强飑线发展维持的重要动力机制。 相似文献
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An investigation is made of the mechanics of amplitude vacillation in a numerically simulated rotating annulus flow system. Amplitude vacillation is characterized by a periodic change of vertical wave structure in concert with growth and decay of wave amplitude and phase speed. The temperature wave amplitude profile for the dominant component consists of three local maxima: (1) lower boundary layer, (2) upper half layer and (3) lower half layer. The lower layer waves lead the time-dependent structural variation during vacillation. Two types of amplitude vacillation found in the experimental measurements (Buzyna et al., 1989: J. Atmos. Sci. 46, 2716–2729) can be distinguished in the temperature wave by whether the lower layer waves split from and travel behind the upper layer waves by one wave period in each cycle of vacillation. Linear eigenvalue analyses with respect to the instantaneous axisymmetric state at various points in time are performed to elucidate the simple interaction between the dominant wave and the zonal mean state. During the vacillation cycle, the zonal mean state is modified by the wave, which causes a change in growth rate and vertical structure of the linearly most unstable eigenmode. This, in turn, forces the actual changes of the nonlinear solutions. 相似文献
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利用高分辨率的再分析资料ERA40，分析了纬向平均状态下北半球不同尺度的定常波对西风动量沿经向输送的气候态及其年变化。结果表明，对流层中定常波对西风动量输送最强的区域位于中纬度对流层的中上层，定常波在该区域长年向北输送纬向动量，且输送中心随季节有南北移动和强弱变化。此外，在高纬度地区的对流层中上层以及赤道对流层顶附近还有两个相对较弱的输送中心。前者对西风动量的输送长年向南，其垂直范围从对流层低层一直伸展到平流层下层，中心位置相对固定，强度有明显的季节变化。后者位置也相对固定，但输送方向随季节改变。平流层中定常波对西风动量的输送主要位于中高纬度的平流层中上层，定常波在该区域长年向北输送西风动量，中心位置非常稳定，而强度则随季节变化明显。行星尺度定常波的输送作用与总波动的输送作用非常一致，并在很大程度上决定了波动对动量输送强度的季节变化。天气尺度定常波和10波以上的短波的输送作用主要集中在中纬度对流层的中高层。前者与行星尺度定常波共同决定了该区域内的输送强度，并主导了输送中心的南北移动；后者的作用很小，除夏季外均可以忽略。作者给出的不同尺度定常波对西风动量输送的气候态分布不但可以作为日后研究其年际变化的基础，而且还可以为大气环流模式对大气环流模拟能力的评估提供重要的参考。 相似文献
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Traditionally, “eddy feeds zonal flow” in the atmosphere is considered as a result of decaying unstable waves. We show that disturbances made of non-modal solutions-the continuous-spectrum disturbances-can also effectively transport zonal angular momentum and interact with the zonal basic flow. These disturbances, though stable, eventually decay, losing their energy to strengthen the westerly jets in the atmosphere.Calculations with observational data illustrate that the atmospheric zonal flow is maintained primarily by continuous-spectrum disturbances rather than by unstable waves. Angular momentum transport by continuous-spectrum disturbances is one order of magnitude larger than that by all kinds of normal modes (referred as discrete-spectrum disturbances) including unstable waves. 相似文献